Specific versus Non-Specific Exercises for Chronic Neck or Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review

The current systematic review aimed to compare the effect of injury-focused (specific) exercises versus more general (non-specific) exercises on pain in patients with chronic neck or shoulder pain. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Two reviewers screened and selected studies, extracted outcomes, assessed risk of bias, and rated the quality of evidence. A total of nine eligible studies, represented in 13 articles, were identified, with a considerable risk of bias. One article investigated the acute effect of single bouts of exercise on pain and reported an immediate pain reduction after non-specific exercise. Regarding short-term effects, seven out of the nine studies found no differences in pain between interventions, with inconsistent results among two other studies. Concerning the long-term effects, while pain reduction seems to be favored by specific exercises (two out of four articles), the best format is still unclear. Based on the acute effects, a single bout of non-specific exercise seems to be a better option for pain-relief for patients with chronic neck or shoulder pain. For short-term effects, there are no differences in pain between specific and non-specific exercises. Regarding long-term effects, specific exercises seem to be the best option. Nevertheless, more studies are warranted.

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Are corticosteroid injections more beneficial than anaesthetic injections alone in the management of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain? A systematic review

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2016-097444 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 52 (8) ◽

pp. 497-504 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Tim Cook ◽

Catherine Minns Lowe ◽

Mark Maybury ◽

Jeremy S Lewis

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Rotator Cuff ◽

Shoulder Pain ◽

Local Anaesthetic ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Short Term ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Corticosteroid Injections

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of corticosteroid injections to local anaesthetic injections in the management of rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP).DesignSystematic review with best evidence synthesis.Data sourcesThe Cochrane, PubMed, CINAHL Plus, PEDro and EMBASE electronic databases were searched (inception until 8 June 2017). Reference lists of included articles were also hand searched.Eligibility criteriaTwo reviewers independently evaluated eligibility. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they compared subacromial injections of corticosteroid with anaesthetic injections. Two reviewers independently extracted data regarding short-term, midterm and long-term outcomes for pain, self-reported function, range of motion and patient-perceived improvement.ResultsThirteen RCTs (n=1013) were included. Four trials (n=475) were judged as being at low risk of bias. Three studies of low risk of bias favoured the use of corticosteroid over anaesthetic-only injections in the short term (up to 8 weeks). There was strong evidence of no significant difference between injection types in midterm outcomes (12–26 weeks). There was limited evidence of no significant difference between injection types in long-term outcomes.ConclusionCorticosteroid injections may have a short-term benefit (up to 8 weeks) over local anaesthetic injections alone in the management of RCRSP. Beyond 8 weeks, there was no evidence to suggest a benefit of corticosteroid over local anaesthetic injections.Trial registration numberPROSPERO CRD42016033161.

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Exercise interventions in lateral elbow tendinopathy have better outcomes than passive interventions, but the effects are small: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 2123 subjects in 30 trials

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2020-102525 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. bjsports-2020-102525

Author(s):

Stefanos Karanasios ◽

Vasileios Korakakis ◽

Rod Whiteley ◽

Ioannis Vasilogeorgis ◽

Sarah Woodbridge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Short Term ◽

Lateral Elbow ◽

Long Term Follow Up ◽

Wait And See ◽

Lateral Elbow Tendinopathy

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of exercise compared with other conservative interventions in the management of lateral elbow tendinopathy (LET) on pain and function.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe used the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to assess risk of bias and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to grade the certainty of evidence. Self-perceived improvement, pain intensity, pain-free grip strength (PFGS) and elbow disability were used as primary outcome measures.Eligibility criteriaRCTs assessing the effectiveness of exercise alone or as an additive intervention compared with passive interventions, wait-and-see or injections in patients with LET.Results30 RCTs (2123 participants, 5 comparator interventions) were identified. Exercise outperformed (low certainty) corticosteroid injections in all outcomes at all time points except short-term pain reduction. Clinically significant differences were found in PFGS at short-term (mean difference (MD): 12.15, (95% CI) 1.69 to 22.6), mid-term (MD: 22.45, 95% CI 3.63 to 41.3) and long-term follow-up (MD: 18, 95% CI 11.17 to 24.84). Statistically significant differences (very low certainty) for exercise compared with wait-and-see were found only in self-perceived improvement at short-term, pain reduction and elbow disability at short-term and long-term follow-up. Substantial heterogeneity in descriptions of equipment, load, duration and frequency of exercise programmes were evident.ConclusionsLow and very low certainty evidence suggests exercise is effective compared with passive interventions with or without invasive treatment in LET, but the effect is small.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42018082703.

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Short- and Long-Term Effects of Nonconsciously Processed Ambient Scents in a Servicescape: Findings From Two Field Experiments

Journal of Service Research ◽

10.1177/1094670519842333 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 440-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Anna Girard ◽

Marcel Lichters ◽

Marko Sarstedt ◽

Dipayan Biswas

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Field Studies ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Railway Company ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Ambient Scents ◽

Short Term Effects

Ambient scents are being increasingly used in different service environments. While there is emerging research on the effects of scents, almost nothing is known about the long-term effects of consumers’ repeated exposure to ambient scents in a service environment as prior studies on ambient scents have been lab or field studies examining short-term effects of scent exposure only. Addressing this limitation, we examine the short- and long-term effects of ambient scents. Specifically, we present a conceptual framework for the short- and long-term effects of nonconsciously processed ambient scent in olfactory-rich servicescapes. We empirically test this framework with the help of two large-scale field experiments, conducted in collaboration with a major German railway company, in which consumers were exposed to a pleasant, nonconsciously processed scent. The first experiment demonstrates ambient scent’s positive short-term effects on consumers’ service perceptions. The second experiment—a longitudinal study conducted over a 4-month period—examines scent’s long-term effects on consumers’ reactions and demonstrates that the effects persist even when the scent has been removed from the servicescape.

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How Does Objective Quality Affect Perceived Quality? Short-Term Effects, Long-Term Effects, and Asymmetries

Marketing Science ◽

10.1287/mksc.1050.0175 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 230-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 125

Author(s):

Debanjan Mitra ◽

Peter N. Golder

Keyword(s):

Perceived Quality ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Objective Quality ◽

Short Term Effects

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Early Contact and Maternal-Infant Bonding: One Decade Later

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.70.5.763 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 70 (5) ◽

pp. 763-768

Author(s):

Michael E. Lamb

Keyword(s):

Child Development ◽

Maternal Behavior ◽

Present Review ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Maternal Bonding ◽

Skin Contact ◽

Skin To Skin ◽

Short Term Effects

In the last decade, there has been considerable speculation concerning the importance of early skin-to-skin contact between parturient mothers and neonates. This contact is viewed as crucial to the occurrence of maternal bonding, which is seen as a precursor of optimal maternal behavior and thus as a necessary antecedent of optimal child development. In the present review, these conclusions are shown to have been based on equivocal findings obtained in methodologically impoverished studies. Although early contact may have modest but beneficial short-term effects in some circumstances, no positive long-term effects have been demonstrated.

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Recombinant human GH in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease: short term effects on bone biomarkers and long term effects on bone and lean mass

Endocrine Abstracts ◽

10.1530/endoabs.36.oc4.8 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

M A Altowati ◽

S Shepherd ◽

P McGrogan ◽

R K Russell ◽

S C Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Bowel Disease ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Bone Biomarkers ◽

Short Term ◽

Inflammatory Bowel ◽

Short Term Effects

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Effectiveness of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Chronic Tinnitus

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1177/0194599812458771 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 147 (5) ◽

pp. 817-825 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Zhe Peng ◽

Xiu-Qi Chen ◽

Shu-Sheng Gong

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽

Chronic Tinnitus ◽

Hearing Level ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term

Objective This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment for chronic tinnitus. Data Sources Relevant electronic databases and a reference list of articles published up to January 2012 were searched. Randomized controlled clinical trials of all types of rTMS treatment for patients with chronic tinnitus were included. Review Methods A literature search was conducted with structured criteria to select studies evaluated for systematic review. Results Five trials (160 participants) were included in this review. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment showed benefits in the short term, but the long-term effects are questionable. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the visual analog scale (VAS) were the major assessment methods used. After active TMS stimulation, the reduction in the THI total score and VAS was significant compared with baseline at the first time point assessed and in the short term (2 weeks and 4 weeks). The longest follow-up time was 26 weeks after treatment, and the shortest follow-up time was 2 weeks. No severe side effects were reported from the use of rTMS. Differences in age, hearing level, duration of tinnitus of the included patients, and the condition of sham treatment may influence the effect. Conclusion Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation could be a new therapeutic tool for the treatment of chronic tinnitus, and thus far we have not been able to demonstrate any substantial risk from rTMS treatment. However, the long-term effects of rTMS treatment for tinnitus are not clear and will require further study.

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