Discordance between LDL-C and Apolipoprotein B Levels and Its Association with Renal Dysfunction: Insights from a Population-Based Study

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) are established markers of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), but when concentrations are discordant ApoB is the superior predictor. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with ASCVD, yet the independent role of atherogenic lipoproteins is contentious. Four groups were created based upon high and low levels of ApoB and LDL-C. Continuous and categorical variables were compared across groups, as were adjusted markers of CKD. Logistic regression analysis assessed association(s) with CKD based on the groups. Subjects were categorised by LDL-C and ApoB, using cut-off values of >160 mg/dL and >130 mg/dL, respectively. Those with low LDL-C and high ApoB, compared to those with high LDL-C and high ApoB, had significantly higher body mass index (30.7 vs. 30.1 kg/m2) and waist circumference (106.1 vs. 102.7 cm) and the highest fasting blood glucose (117.5 vs. 112.7 mg/dL), insulin (16.6 vs. 13.1 μU/mL) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (5.3 vs. 3.7) profiles (all p < 0.001). This group, compared to those with high LDL-C and high ApoB, also had the highest levels of urine albumin (2.3 vs. 2.2 mg/L), log albumin-creatinine ratio (2.2 vs. 2.1 mg/g) and serum uric acid (6.1 vs. 5.6 mg/dL) and the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (81.3 vs. 88.4 mL/min/1.73 m2) (all p < 0.001). In expanded logistic regression models, using the low LDL-C and low ApoB group as a reference, those with low LDL-C and high ApoB had the strongest association with CKD, odds ratio (95% CI) 1.12 (1.08–1.16). Discordantly high levels of ApoB are independently associated with increased likelihood of CKD. ApoB remains associated with metabolic dysfunction, regardless of LDL-C.

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Dietary Sulfur-Containing Amino Acids Are Associated with Higher Prevalence of Overweight/Obesity in Northern Chinese Adults, an Internet-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000490194 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 44-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yan-chuan Li ◽

Yu-zheng Li ◽

Rui Li ◽

Li Lan ◽

Chun-long Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Sulfur Containing

Background/aims: Elevation of plasma sulfur-containing amino acids (SAAs) is generally associated with higher body mass index (BMI) and unfavorable lipid profiles. It is not known how dietary SAAs relate to these associations in humans. Methods: A convenient tool named internet-based dietary questionnaire for Chinese (IDQC) was used to estimate dietary SAAs intake. A total of 936 participants were randomly recruited and asked to complete the IDQC. Furthermore, 90 subjects were randomly selected to perform a subgroup study. The associations between dietary SAAs and prevalence of obesity, lipid profiles, and status of insulin resistance (IR), inflammation and oxidative stress were assessed. Results: Dietary total SAAs and cysteine of overweight/obese participants were significantly higher. Dietary total SAAs and cysteine were positively associated with BMI and waist circumference. Higher dietary total SAAs were associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity. Higher dietary total SAAs and cysteine also associated with higher serum triglyceride (total cholesterol), low density lipoprotein, fasting blood glucose, 2 h-postprandial glucose, and homeostasis model assessment of IR. In the subgroup study, positive associations between dietary SAAs and inflammation biomarkers were also observed. Conclusions: Dietary SAAs are associated with higher prevalence of overweight/obesity, unfavorable lipid profiles and status of IR, and inflammation.

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Effects of thyroid hormone and depression on common components of central obesity

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060519851624 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 3040-3049 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fu-Man Du ◽

Hong-Yu Kuang ◽

Bin-Hong Duan ◽

Da-Na Liu ◽

Xin-Yang Yu

Keyword(s):

Central Obesity ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Free Triiodothyronine ◽

Serum Tsh ◽

Tsh Levels

Objective We investigated the prevalence of abnormal thyroid function and depression in centrally obese participants, and to analyze the relationship of thyroid hormones and depression with components of central obesity. Methods We randomly selected 858 centrally obese participants and 500 non-obese controls in this study. For all participants, we measured serum free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), body mass index (BMI), waist–hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), lipid concentrations, and blood pressure. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Results Centrally obese participants had a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism and depression than non-obese controls. Serum FT4 levels negatively correlated with BMI and serum TSH levels and positively correlated with BMI, WHR, total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). After excluding participants with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, serum FT4 levels showed negative correlation and serum TSH levels showed positive correlation with BMI in the remaining centrally obese participants. CES-D scores positively correlated with BMI. Conclusion We found high prevalences of hypothyroidism and depression among centrally obese participants. FT4 and TSH are important in weight regulation. Depression positively correlated with obesity.

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The Effect of Metformin on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Overweight Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

International Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1155/2020/5150684 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Guan ◽

Dongjun Wang ◽

Huaien Bu ◽

Tieniu Zhao ◽

Hongwu Wang

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Overweight Women ◽

Randomized Controlled

Objective. Metformin is an important component of PCOS treatment. At present, the effect of metformin in overweight women with PCOS has not been evaluated. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to assess the effects of metformin in overweight women with PCOS and to analyze the effects of metformin in overweight women with PCOS. Methods. We searched the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang databases for studies published before March 2020. Randomized controlled trials were identified to study the effects of metformin in overweight women with PCOS. Data from studies including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin, testosterone, and androstenedione were pooled. Qualified trials were selected, and methodological quality was strictly assessed. Two reviewers chose the studies independently of each other. Results. Twelve trials were included. The intervention group and the control group had significant differences in the changes in body mass index (BMI) (WMD = −1.25, 95% CI (−1.60, −0.91), p<0.00001) and waist circumference (WC) (WMD = −1.41, 95% CI (−2.46, −0.37), p=0.008) after metformin. The comprehensive results show that, in all studies, overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with metformin had significantly improved endocrine and metabolic indicators, including testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, metformin did not regulate the secretion indexes of fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, sex hormone-binding globulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting blood glucose, and androstenedione. Conclusions. Compared with control interventions, metformin appears to be an effective intervention for overweight women with PCOS.

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P1884Low lipid levels and high variability correlate with the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz748.0632 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

H Lee ◽

S R Lee ◽

E K Choi ◽

K D Han ◽

S Oh

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Population Based ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Lipid Parameter ◽

Bottom Quartile

Abstract Background High levels of lipids and lipid variability are established risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. We investigated their roles in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). This is the largest cohort study yet on the association between lipid levels and AF, and the first study on the association between lipid variability and AF. Methods A nationwide population-based cohort of 3,828,652 adults (mean age 43.9 years) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database without prevalent AF, not on lipid-lowering medication, and with at least 3 measurements of each lipid parameter at 1–2 year intervals over a 4-year period were included. Total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured, and lipid variability was calculated using variability independent of mean. The cohort was divided into quartiles by baseline lipid levels and lipid variability, and followed up for incident AF. Results During median 3.4 years of follow-up, AF was newly diagnosed in 13,240 (0.35%). AF development was inversely associated with TC and LDL-C levels (for top vs. bottom quartile; TC, hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.72–0.80); LDL-C, HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.74–0.82) in both sexes, and with TG levels in men (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.80–0.90). Meanwhile, AF development was associated with higher LDL-C and HDL-C variability (for top vs. bottom quartile; LDL-C, HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.10–1.22; HDL-C, HR 1.08, 95% CI 1.03–1.14) in both sexes, and with TC variability in men (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.10–1.22). Conclusions Lower cholesterol levels (TC, LDL-C) and higher cholesterol variability (LDL-C, HDL-C) were associated with higher risk for AF. Low TG levels and high TC variability were also associated with AF incidence in men. These findings support the “cholesterol paradox” in AF, and suggest that cholesterol variability is also a risk factor for AF development.

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Abstract MP16: Prevalence of Dyslipidemia Patterns among US Hispanics: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.amp16 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Carlos J Rodriguez ◽

Katrina Swett ◽

Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller ◽

Martha Daviglus ◽

Robert Kaplan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Population Based ◽

Health Study ◽

Diabetes Diagnosis ◽

Continuous Variables ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Low Hdl

Background: Prevalence and determinants of dyslipidemia among Hispanics/Latinos are not well known. Methods: Lipid and lipoprotein data from the HCHS/SOL -- a population-based cohort study of 16,415 US Hispanic/Latino participants, ages 18-74, from Cuban, Dominican, Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Central and South American backgrounds -- were used. Criteria for dyslipidemia are based on National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines as low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) >130 mg/dl, triglycerides (TG) >200 mg/dl, non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL-C) >160 mg/dl, or low HDL-C (<40 mg/dl for men and <50 mg/dl for women). Differences across Hispanic/Latino groups were tested using Mantel- Haenszel Chi-square and analysis of variance for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Demographics, anthropometric measurements, lifestyle factors, dietary and metabolic profiles in those with abnormal vs. normal lipid components were compared using multivariable logistic regression models. Results: Mean age was 40.7 years (SE 0.23) and 48.3% are male. The overall prevalence of any dyslipidemia was 65.1%; prevalence of elevated LDL-C was 35.5%, and highest among Cubans (44.5%; p<0.001). Low HDL-C was present in 41.9% overall, Central Americans had the highest prevalence (44.1%) but not significantly different from other groups (p=0.09). High TGs were seen in 14.9% overall, most commonly among Cubans (17.5%; p<0.001). Elevated non-HDL-C was seen in 34.3% of the sample, and highest among Cubans (43.2%). Dominicans had the lowest prevalence of all four types of dyslipidemia. Multivariate analyses, across all Hispanics, show that prevalence of any dyslipidemia was significantly associated with increasing body mass index and diabetes diagnosis. Higher age was associated with a significantly lower prevalence of low HDL but a higher prevalence of all other dyslipidemia types. Female sex was associated with higher prevalence of low HDL-C but a lower prevalence of elevated TGs, non-HDL-C or LDL-C. Low physical activity was significantly associated with elevated TGs and low HDL-C. Alcohol use was associated with a lower prevalence of low HDL-C only. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is very common among Hispanics/Latinos; Cubans seem particularly at risk. Low HDL-C and elevated LDL-C are most commonly seen. Across all Hispanics, determinants of dyslipidemia varied depending on the type of dyslipidemia. To prevent dyslipidemias, effective public health measures among the Hispanic/Latino population are needed.

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Plasma miR-21 expression: an indicator for the severity of Type 2 diabetes with diabetic retinopathy

Bioscience Reports ◽

10.1042/bsr20160589 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Qi Jiang ◽

Xue-Man Lyu ◽

Yi Yuan ◽

Ling Wang

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Diagnostic Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Disease Course

To investigate the roles of plasma miR-21 in the pathogenic process of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) with diabetic retinopathy (DR). T2D patients included patients without DR (NDR) group, patients with non-proliferative/background DR (BDR) group and patients with proliferative DR (PDR) group. Healthy individuals served as control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), urine creatinine (Cr), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting insulin (FINS) and plasma miR-21 expression were measured. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect miR-21 expression. Pearson analysis was used to conduct correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyse the diagnostic value of miR-21 in T2D with DR. Compared with the control group, FBG and HbA1c increased in the NDR group; compared with the control and NDR groups, disease course, HbA1c, FPG levels and homoeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were increased in the BDR and PDR groups; and compared with the BDR group, disease course, HbA1c and FPG levels were higher in the PDR group. miR-21 expression was higher in the BDR group than the control group, and higher in the PDR group than the BDR group. miR-21 expression was positively related with disease course, HbA1C, FPG and HOMA-IR, and had diagnostic value for T2D with DR and PDR. The plasma miR-21 expression was increased in the development of T2D with DR and can be used as an indicator for the severity of T2D with DR.

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Identifying Markers of Cardiovascular Event-Free Survival in Familial Hypercholesterolemia

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10010064 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Etienne Khoury ◽

Diane Brisson ◽

Nathalie Roy ◽

Gérald Tremblay ◽

Daniel Gaudet

Keyword(s):

Familial Hypercholesterolemia ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Free Survival ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Female Sex ◽

Increased Risk

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant trait characterized by elevated low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations appearing at birth and is associated with increased risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, in some cases, FH subjects over 70 years of age have surprisingly never experienced any CVD symptoms throughout their entire lives. The objective of this study consists of identifying biological and environmental markers acting as cardioprotective factors and associated with unexpected survival in FH. Upon age and reported cardiovascular events (CVE) stratification, we identified a total of 458 French–Canadian FH subjects with premature reported CVE, and 1297 young adults as well as 24 elderly subjects (≥70 years) who have never reported CVE requiring hospitalization. Logistic regression models were used to depict cardioprotective markers among FH survivors (≥70 years). Regression analyses of the FH cohort showed that female sex (odds ratio (OR) = 12.92 (4.23–39.46); p < 0.0001), high levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C (OR = 6.76 (2.43–18.79); p = 0.0002) and elevated concentrations of adiponectin (OR = 71.40 (5.20–980.47); p = 0.001) were significant contributory factors in reducing FH-related CVD risk. Notably, female (OR = 11.45 (1.25–105.98); p = 0.031) and high HDL-C (OR = 9.78 (1.75–54.67); p = 0.009) were shown to be significant covariates associated with survival in FH. Non-smoking (OR = 11.73 (4.36–31.56); p < 0.0001) was also identified as an environmental factor associated with CVE-free survival. Based on this configured model of premature CVE occurrence, these results demonstrated that, beyond LDL-C levels, female sex, high HDL-C, elevated adiponectin and non-smoking are important markers that contribute to a reduced risk of CVD and CVE-free survival in FH.

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Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.9845.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 134 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Michael D. Shapiro ◽

Sergio Fazio

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Low Density ◽

Lines Of Evidence

Cholesterol-rich, apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins are now widely accepted as the most important causal agents of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Multiple unequivocal and orthogonal lines of evidence all converge on low-density lipoprotein and related particles as being the principal actors in the genesis of atherosclerosis. Here, we review the fundamental role of atherogenic apoB-containing lipoproteins in cardiovascular disease and several other humoral and parietal factors that are required to initiate and maintain arterial degeneration. The biology of foam cells and their interactions with high-density lipoproteins, including cholesterol efflux, are also briefly reviewed.

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The Effects of Probiotic Supplementation on Glycemic Index, Lipid Profiles and Inflammatory Cytokines in NAFLD Patients: A Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

10.21203/rs.3.rs-259124/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Sadegh Mozaffari ◽

Pedram Rezaei Amirkiasar ◽

Mina Zare ◽

Solaleh Emamgholipour ◽

Hossein Hosseini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meta Analysis ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Medical Subject Headings ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Glycemic Outcomes

Abstract Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent chronic liver disorders worldwide. In an aggressive type, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) might lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Currently, there is no certified drug applied to treat NASH. Human studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics supplementation in NAFLD. Due to the lack of appropriate studies and the emerging requirements for further illustration over the effects of probiotics on the treatment of NAFLD and NASH-related disorders in humans, in this study, we seek to evaluate this matter often papered over.Methods: We will search PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to February 2021. Search terms are keywords and medical subject headings related to NAFLD, probiotics, glycemic indexes, inflammation, and dyslipidemia. 2 researchers will determine the search strategy after several pre-searches. The Glycemic outcomes include glycated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.The lipidomic outcomes include differences in High-density lipoprotein, Low-density lipoprotein, Total triglyceride, Total cholesterol.The Inflammatory outcomes include differences in IL6, IL1β, TNFα, CRP.The meta-analysis will be performed using END NOTE and STATA.Results: Our study will systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of probiotics supplementation in NAFLD patients.Conclusion: This study's results will give the proof for probiotics supplements in NAFLD treatment and provide an evidence for clinical treatment.

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The Cordyceps militaris-Derived Polysaccharide CM1 Alleviates Atherosclerosis in LDLR(-/-) Mice by Improving Hyperlipidemia

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences ◽

10.3389/fmolb.2021.783807 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Fan Yin ◽

Ping Lin ◽

Wen-Qian Yu ◽

Nuo Shen ◽

Yuan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Apolipoprotein B ◽

Lipid Level ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽

Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Low Density ◽

Lipoprotein Receptor ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽

Density Lipoprotein Receptor

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has a high mortality worldwide. Our lab previously purified a polysaccharide designated as CM1 with (1→4)-β-D-Glcp and (1→2)-α-D-Manp glycosyls as the backbone. In this study, we investigated the anti-atherosclerosis effect of CM1 and the underlying mechanisms of action in a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR(-/-) mouse model. It was found that CM1 significantly decreased the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. Mechanistically, CM1 enhanced plasma level of apolipoprotein A-I and decreased the plasma levels of triglyceride, apolipoprotein B, and total cholesterol. In the absence of LDLR, CM1 elevated the expression of very low-density lipoprotein receptor for liver uptake of plasma apolipoprotein B-containing particles and reduced hepatic triglyceride synthesis by inhibiting sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c. CM1 improved lipids excretion by increasing the liver X receptor α/ATP-binding cassette G5 pathway in small intestine. CM1 reduced lipogenesis and lipolysis by inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and adipose triglyceride lipase in epididymal fat. Furthermore, CM1 improved lipid profile in C57BL/6J mice. Collectively, CM1 can modulate lipid metabolism by multiple pathways, contributing to reduced plasma lipid level and formation of atherosclerotic plaques in LDLR(−/−) mice. This molecule could be explored as a potential compound for prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.

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