scholarly journals The Quantum Nature of Color Perception: Uncertainty Relations for Chromatic Opposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Michel Berthier ◽  
Edoardo Provenzi
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Achromatic Color ◽  
Quantum Nature ◽  
Algebraic Properties ◽  
First Results ◽  
Quantum Framework

In this paper, we provide an overview on the foundation and first results of a very recent quantum theory of color perception, together with novel results about uncertainty relations for chromatic opposition. The major inspiration for this model is the 1974 remarkable work by H.L. Resnikoff, who had the idea to give up the analysis of the space of perceived colors through metameric classes of spectra in favor of the study of its algebraic properties. This strategy permitted to reveal the importance of hyperbolic geometry in colorimetry. Starting from these premises, we show how Resnikoff’s construction can be extended to a geometrically rich quantum framework, where the concepts of achromatic color, hue and saturation can be rigorously defined. Moreover, the analysis of pure and mixed quantum chromatic states leads to a deep understanding of chromatic opposition and its role in the encoding of visual signals. We complete our paper by proving the existence of uncertainty relations for the degree of chromatic opposition, thus providing a theoretical confirmation of the quantum nature of color perception.

scholarly journals The study of rural landscape at the farm scale: changes in traditional signs and structures

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ludwiczak ◽  
S. Benni ◽  
P. Tassinari
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Management ◽  
Deep Understanding ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
First Results ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Landscape Transformations

The importance of cultural, historical and identity values of traditional rural landscapes is widely acknowledged in the relevant scientific fields and in legislation. Furthermore, the knowledge of their evolution represents a fundamental basis in order to manage landscape transformations appropriately. The work is part of a broader research aimed at developing and testing a method for the systematic high time and spatial resolution assessment of changes in traditional rural landscape signs. We describe here the main phases of this original quantitative method and a summary of the first results over an Italian case study. A set of parameters allows to provide complementary information about the evolution of the main characters of rural settlements and their components. This proves to be essential to achieve a deep understanding of the traditional physiognomy of places, and to support landscape management and restoration, and the definition of transformation projects.

scholarly journals BLACK HOLE UNCERTAINTIES

1993 ◽  
Vol 08 (20) ◽  
pp. 1925-1941
Author(s):  
ULF H. DANIELSSON
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Uncertainty Relation ◽  
Wave Functions ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Black Hole Mass ◽  
Dilaton Black Holes

In this work the quantum theory of two-dimensional dilaton black holes is studied using the Wheeler-De Witt equation. The solutions correspond to wave functions of the black hole. It is found that for an observer inside the horizon, there are uncertainty relations for the black hole mass and a parameter in the metric determining the Hawking flux. Only for a particular value of this parameter can both be known with arbitrary accuracy. In the generic case there is instead a relation that is very similar to the so-called string uncertainty relation.

scholarly journals Uncertainty relations: An operational approach to the error-disturbance tradeoff

Quantum ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Renes ◽  
Volkher B. Scholz ◽  
Stefan Huber
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Uncertainty Relation ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Actual Measurement ◽  
Quantum Uncertainty ◽  
Joint Measurability ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Wave Particle Duality ◽  
Heisenberg Type ◽  
Conceptual Difficulties

The notions of error and disturbance appearing in quantum uncertainty relations are often quantified by the discrepancy of a physical quantity from its ideal value. However, these real and ideal values are not the outcomes of simultaneous measurements, and comparing the values of unmeasured observables is not necessarily meaningful according to quantum theory. To overcome these conceptual difficulties, we take a different approach and define error and disturbance in an operational manner. In particular, we formulate both in terms of the probability that one can successfully distinguish the actual measurement device from the relevant hypothetical ideal by any experimental test whatsoever. This definition itself does not rely on the formalism of quantum theory, avoiding many of the conceptual difficulties of usual definitions. We then derive new Heisenberg-type uncertainty relations for both joint measurability and the error-disturbance tradeoff for arbitrary observables of finite-dimensional systems, as well as for the case of position and momentum. Our relations may be directly applied in information processing settings, for example to infer that devices which can faithfully transmit information regarding one observable do not leak any information about conjugate observables to the environment. We also show that Englert's wave-particle duality relation [PRL 77, 2154 (1996)] can be viewed as an error-disturbance uncertainty relation.

scholarly journals Uncertainty Relations: Curiosities and Inconsistencies

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Urbanowski
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Lower Bound ◽  
Uncertainty Relation ◽  
Quantum Particle ◽  
Uncertainty Relations ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The Status ◽  
Symmetric Quantum ◽  
Standard Deviations

Analyzing general uncertainty relations one can find that there can exist such pairs of non-commuting observables A and B and such vectors that the lower bound for the product of standard deviations ΔA and ΔB calculated for these vectors is zero: ΔA·ΔB≥0. Here we discuss examples of such cases and some other inconsistencies which can be found performing a rigorous analysis of the uncertainty relations in some special cases. As an illustration of such cases matrices (2×2) and (3×3) and the position–momentum uncertainty relation for a quantum particle in the box are considered. The status of the uncertainty relation in PT–symmetric quantum theory and the problems associated with it are also studied.

scholarly journals Bi-level perception and color modes. Contrast ratio and complementarity of colors

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Color Perception ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Achromatic Color ◽  
External Context ◽  
Internal Context

For the “Self”, color is a color text, a structure consisting of two elements: internal context (content: tone, saturation, brightness) and external context (conditions under which color actualizes in a situation: lightness, proximity, etc.). Perception of the color is when the content overlays the conditions. The modes of color are revealed depending on the ratio of indicated contexts. There are three color modes: visible, invisible, and colorless. The goal of this article is to describe the color modes, and their correlation with contrast and complementarity of colors, what entails bi-level perception of color. The article employs situational and phenomenological approaches. Visible color for the “Self” occurs when the internal context completely overlays the external context. Invisible color occurs in the presence of internal context and absence of one or more external factors: no tone, no contrast with background, etc. “Colorless” mode occurs when the internal context is not fully set in the situation of presence of the external context: no tone, saturation, or brightness. Color in the “colorless” mode is achromatic. The compatibility of separate colors within the color text leads to the phenomena of complementarity and contrast ratio, which are interrelated with the color modes. There are two levels of color perception: 1) fundamental, i.e. is the perception of achromatic color with gradations from sharply white to pure black; gray color with varying degrees of brightness is present in chromatic colors (as the “base”); 2) perception of the chromatic colors, founded on the colorless “base”. Such bi-level perception of color is substantiated by the fact that the consciousness seeks harmony and balance, i.e. minimization of perception of the visual.

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