scholarly journals Research on the Construction of Typhoon Disaster Chain Based on Chinese Web Corpus

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Hongliang Liu ◽  
Nianxue Luo ◽  
Qiansheng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Disaster Data ◽  
Typhoon Disaster ◽  
Disaster Chain ◽  
Spatio Temporal

China is one of the countries most affected by typhoon disasters. It is of great significance to study the mechanism of typhoon disasters and construct a typhoon disaster chain for emergency management and disaster reduction. The evolution process of typhoon disaster based on expert knowledge and historical disaster data has been summarized in previous studies, which relied too much on artificial experience while less in-depth consideration was given to the disaster exposure, the social environment, as well as the spatio-temporal factors. Hence, problems, such as incomplete content and inconsistent expression of typhoon disaster knowledge, have arisen. With the development of computer technology, massive Web corpus with numerous Web news and various improvised content on the social media platform, and ontology that enables consistent expression new light has been shed on the knowledge discovery of typhoon disaster. With the Chinese Web corpus as its source, this research proposes a method to construct a typhoon disaster chain so as to obtain disaster information more efficiently, explore the spatio-temporal trends of disasters and their impact on human society, and then comprehensively comprehend the process of typhoon disaster. First, a quintuple structure (Concept, Property, Relationship, Rule and Instance) is used to design the Typhoon Disaster Chain Ontology Model (TDCOM) which contains the elements involved in a typhoon disaster. Then, the information extraction process, regarded as a sequence labeling task in the present study, is combined with the BERT model so as to extract typhoon event-elements from the customized corpus. Finally, taking Typhoon Mangkhut as an example, the typical typhoon disaster chain is constructed by data fusion and structured expression. The results show that the methods presented in this research can provide scientific support for analyzing the evolution process of typhoon disasters and their impact on human society.

A Futures Study on the Quality Of Life from the Point Of View of Iranian Youth

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sina Saeedy ◽  
Mojtaba Amiri ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Zolfagharzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Rahim Eyvazi
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Futures Studies ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

Quality of life and satisfaction with life as tightly interconnected concepts have become of much importance in the urbanism era. No doubt, it is one of the most important goals of every human society to enhance a citizen’s quality of life and to increase their satisfaction with life. However, there are many signs which demonstrate the low level of life satisfaction of Iranian citizens especially among the youth. Thus, considering the temporal concept of life satisfaction, this research aims to make a futures study in this field. Therefore, using a mixed model and employing research methods from futures studies, life satisfaction among the students of the University of Tehran were measured and their views on this subject investigated. Both quantitative and qualitative data were analysed together in order to test the hypotheses and to address the research questions on the youth discontentment with quality of life. Findings showed that the level of life satisfaction among students is relatively low and their image of the future is not positive and not optimistic. These views were elicited and discussed in the social, economic, political, environmental and technological perspectives. Keywords:  futures studies, quality of life, satisfaction with life, youth

Spatio-temporal trends and climatology of atmospheric chlorinated hydrocarbons over Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hasnain ◽  
Yong Zha ◽  
Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi ◽  
Fatima Rahim ◽  
Yufeng He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Inequalities in access to cross-border resources? An analysis based on spatio-temporal behaviours in the cross-border area of Greater Geneva

2021 ◽  
pp. 096977642110267
Author(s):  
Alexis Gumy ◽  
Guillaume Drevon ◽  
Vincent Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Social ◽  
Neighbouring Country ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Spatio Temporal

With an activity-based approach, this article offers a new reading of cross-border integration by exploring the social and spatial conditions that predispose specific populations of Greater Geneva to cross its borders. Five different daily cross-border patterns were identified showing that travelling to the neighbouring country is still uncommon among the least qualified populations and women, and that this trend now extends beyond the mere cross-border labour market. Logistic regressions show that Greater Geneva is witnessing a functionalisation of its cross-border integration, revealing mechanisms where the increase of particular mobility may foster segregation and inequalities. This article argues for an approach where cross-border integration is not an objective but rather is a consequence of obligations and constraints that individuals face in their daily behaviours.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal impacts of aerial adulticide applications on populations of West Nile virus vector mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen M. Holcomb ◽  
Robert C. Reiner ◽  
Christopher M. Barker
Keyword(s):  
West Nile Virus ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Larval Habitat ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Stochastic Variation ◽  
West Nile ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background Aerial applications of insecticides that target adult mosquitoes are widely used to reduce transmission of West Nile virus to humans during periods of epidemic risk. However, estimates of the reduction in abundance following these treatments typically focus on single events, rely on pre-defined, untreated control sites and can vary widely due to stochastic variation in population dynamics and trapping success unrelated to the treatment. Methods To overcome these limitations, we developed generalized additive models fitted to mosquito surveillance data collected from CO2-baited traps in Sacramento and Yolo counties, California from 2006 to 2017. The models accounted for the expected spatial and temporal trends in the abundance of adult female Culex (Cx.) tarsalis and Cx. pipiens in the absence of aerial spraying. Estimates for the magnitude of deviation from baseline abundance following aerial spray events were obtained from the models. Results At 1-week post-treatment with full spatial coverage of the trapping area by pyrethroid or pyrethrin products, Cx. pipiens abundance was reduced by a mean of 52.4% (95% confidence intrval [CI] − 65.6, − 36.5%) while the use of at least one organophosphate pesticide resulted in a mean reduction of 76.2% (95% CI − 82.8, − 67.9%). For Cx. tarsalis, at 1-week post-treatment with full coverage there was a reduction in abundance of 30.7% (95% CI − 54.5, 2.5%). Pesticide class was not a significant factor contributing to the reduction. In comparison, repetition of spraying over three to four consecutive weeks resulted in similar estimates for Cx. pipiens and estimates of somewhat smaller magnitude for Cx. tarsalis. Conclusions Aerial adulticides are effective for achieving a rapid short-term reduction of the abundance of the primary West Nile virus vectors, Cx. tarsalis and Cx. pipiens. A larger magnitude of reduction was estimated in Cx. pipiens, possibly due to the species’ focal distribution. Effects of aerial sprays on Cx. tarsalis populations are likely modulated by the species’ large dispersal ability, population sizes and vast productive larval habitat present in the study area. Our modeling approach provides a new way to estimate effects of public health pesticides on vector populations using routinely collected observational data and accounting for spatio-temporal trends and contextual factors like weather and habitat. This approach does not require pre-selected control sites and expands upon past studies that have focused on the effects of individual aerial treatment events.

scholarly journals Recessive Transition Mechanism of Arable Land Use Based on the Perspective of Coupling Coordination of Input–Output: A Case Study of 31 Provinces in China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Yi Lou ◽  
Guanyi Yin ◽  
Yue Xin ◽  
Shuai Xie ◽  
Guanghao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Transition Mechanism ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Arable Land Use

In the rapid process of urbanization in China, arable land resources are faced with dual challenges in terms of quantity and quality. Starting with the change in the coupling coordination relationship between the input and output on arable land, this study applies an evaluation model of the degree of coupling coordination between the input and output (D_CCIO) on arable land and deeply analyzes the recessive transition mechanism and internal differences in arable land use modes in 31 provinces on mainland China. The results show that the total amount and the amount per unit area of the input and output on arable land in China have presented different spatio-temporal trends, along with the mismatched movement of the spatial barycenter. Although the D_CCIO on arable land increases slowly as a whole, 31 provinces show different recessive transition mechanisms of arable land use, which is hidden in the internal changes in the input–output structure. The results of this study highlight the different recessive transition patterns of arable land use in different provinces of China, which points to the outlook for higher technical input, optimized planting structure, and the coordination of human-land relationships.

Spatio-temporal trends of dust emissions triggered by desertification in China

CATENA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 105160
Author(s):  
Xunming Wang ◽  
Diwen Cai ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Junpeng Lou ◽  
Fa Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Dust Emissions ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Body Mass Index Trends Among Adult U.S. Special Olympians, 2005–2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Foley ◽  
Meghann Lloyd ◽  
Viviene A. Temple
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Special Olympics ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Biological Determinants ◽  
Social Environmental

This study examined temporal trends in body mass index (BMI) among United States adults with intellectual disability (ID) participating in Special Olympics from 2005 to 2010. In addition, the prevalence of obesity was compared with published National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) statistics. After data cleaning, 6,004 height and weight records (male = 57%) were available from the Special Olympics International Healthy Athletes Health Promotion database for the calculation of BMI. Rates of overweight and obesity were very high but generally stable over time. Compared with NHANES statistics, the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher for Special Olympics female participants in each data collection cycle. Integrated efforts to understand the social, environmental, behavioral, and biological determinants of obesity and among Special Olympics participants are needed.

scholarly journals Specialist Knowledge Practices of Craftsmen and Clerics in Senegal

Africa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Dilley
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Acquisition ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Practices ◽  
Hierarchical Relations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specialist Knowledge ◽  
Relations Of Power

This article examines the specialized knowledge practices of two sets of culturally recognized ‘experts’ in Senegal: Islamic clerics and craftsmen. Their respective bodies of knowledge are often regarded as being in opposition, and in some respects antithetical, to one another. The aim of this article is to examine this claim by means of an investigation of how knowledge is conceived by each party. The analysis attempts to expose local epistemologies, which are deduced from an investigation of ‘expert’ knowledge practices and indigenous claims to knowledge. The social processes of knowledge acquisition and transmission are also examined with reference to the idea of initiatory learning. It is in these areas that commonalities between the bodies of knowledge and sets of knowledge practices are to be found. Yet, despite parallels between the epistemologies of both bodies of expertise and between their respective modes of knowledge transmission, the social consequences of ‘expertise’ are different in each case. The hierarchical relations of power that inform the articulation of the dominant clerics with marginalized craftsmen groups serve to profile ‘expertise’ in different ways, each one implying its own sense of authority and social range of legitimacy.

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