scholarly journals Global Transcriptome Profiling Identified Transcription Factors, Biological Process, and Associated Pathways for Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination in Groundnut

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Pooja Soni ◽  
Arun K. Pandey ◽  
Spurthi N. Nayak ◽  
Manish K. Pandey ◽  
Priya Tolani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Resveratrol Synthase ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Pre-harvest aflatoxin contamination (PAC) in groundnut is a serious quality concern globally, and drought stress before harvest further exacerbate its intensity, leading to the deterioration of produce quality. Understanding the host–pathogen interaction and identifying the candidate genes responsible for resistance to PAC will provide insights into the defense mechanism of the groundnut. In this context, about 971.63 million reads have been generated from 16 RNA samples under controlled and Aspergillus flavus infected conditions, from one susceptible and seven resistant genotypes. The RNA-seq analysis identified 45,336 genome-wide transcripts under control and infected conditions. This study identified 57 transcription factor (TF) families with major contributions from 6570 genes coding for bHLH (719), MYB-related (479), NAC (437), FAR1 family protein (320), and a few other families. In the host (groundnut), defense-related genes such as senescence-associated proteins, resveratrol synthase, seed linoleate, pathogenesis-related proteins, peroxidases, glutathione-S-transferases, chalcone synthase, ABA-responsive gene, and chitinases were found to be differentially expressed among resistant genotypes as compared to susceptible genotypes. This study also indicated the vital role of ABA-responsive ABR17, which co-regulates the genes of ABA responsive elements during drought stress, while providing resistance against A. flavus infection. It belongs to the PR-10 class and is also present in several plant–pathogen interactions.

scholarly journals Flavonoids improve drought tolerance of maize seedlings by regulating the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baozhu Li ◽  
Ruonan Fan ◽  
Guiling Sun ◽  
Ting Sun ◽  
Yanting Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Oxygen Free Radicals ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Physiological Characterization ◽  
Oxidative Damages

Abstract Background and aims As drought threatens the yield and quality of maize (Zea mays L.), it is important to dissect the molecular basis of maize drought tolerance. Flavonoids, participate in the scavenging of oxygen free radicals and alleviate stress-induced oxidative damages. This study aims to dissect the function of flavonoids in the improvement of maize drought tolerance. Methods Using far-infrared imaging screening, we previously isolated a drought overly insensitivity (doi) mutant from an ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-mutagenized maize library and designated it as doi57. In this study, we performed a physiological characterization and transcriptome profiling of doi57 in comparison to corresponding wild-type B73 under drought stress. Results Under drought stress, doi57 seedlings displayed lower leaf-surface temperature (LST), faster water loss, and better performance in growth than B73. Transcriptome analysis reveals that key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis are enriched among differentially expressed genes in doi57. In line with these results, more flavonols and less hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were accumulated in guard cells of doi57 than in those of B73 with the decrease of soil water content (SWC). Moreover, the capacity determined from doi57 seedling extracts to scavenge oxygen free radicals was more effective than that of B73 under the drought treatment. Additionally, doi57 seedlings had higher photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, transpiration rates, and water use efficiency than B73 exposed to drought stress, resulting in high biomass and greater root/shoot ratios in doi57 mutant plants. Conclusion Flavonoids may facilitate maize seedling drought tolerance by lowering drought-induced oxidative damage as well regulating stomatal movement.

scholarly journals Role of Suillus placidus in Improving the Drought Tolerance of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana Lamb.) Seedlings

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Min Li ◽  
Haoyun Wang ◽  
Xizhou Zhao ◽  
Zhongke Lu ◽  
Xueguang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Masson pine is an important afforestation species in southern China, where seasonal drought is common. The present study focused on the effects of Suillus placidus, an ectomycorrhizal fungus, inoculation on the growth and physiological and biochemical performance of masson pine seedlings under four different watering treatments (well-watered, mild drought, moderate drought, and severe drought) to evaluate the symbiotic relationship between S. placidus and masson pine seedlings. Ectomycorrhizal-inoculated (ECM) and non-inoculated (NM) seedlings were grown in pots and maintained for 60 days using the weighing method. Results showed that seedlings’ growth, dry weight, RWC, chlorophyll content, PSII efficiency, and photosynthesis decreased as drought stress intensified in both ECM and NM plants. This suggests that drought stress significantly limits the growth and photosynthetic performance of masson pine seedlings. Nevertheless, increased An/gs and proline contents in both NM and ECM prevented oxidative damage caused by drought stress. In addition, increased peroxidase (POD) activity is an essential defense mechanism of ECM seedling under drought stress. Compared with NM, ECM seedlings showed faster growth, higher RWC, and photosynthetic performance, and lower lipid peroxidation in cell membranes under drought stress, as indicated by higher POD activity and lower proline and malondialdehyde (MDA). Our experiment found that S. placidus inoculation can enhance the drought resistance of masson pine seedlings by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, water use efficiency, and proline content, thereby enhancing growth under water-deficiency conditions. S. placidus can be used to cultivate high-quality seedlings and improve their survival in regions that experience seasonal droughts.

scholarly journals New Insights in the Sugarcane Transcriptome Responding to Drought Stress as Revealed by Supersage

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éderson Akio Kido ◽  
José Ribamar Costa Ferreira Neto ◽  
Roberta Lane de Oliveira Silva ◽  
Valesca Pandolfi ◽  
Ana Carolina Ribeiro Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Blastn Analysis ◽  
Root Tissues ◽  
Solexa Sequencing Technology

In the scope of the present work, four SuperSAGE libraries have been generated, using bulked root tissues from four drought-tolerant accessions as compared with four bulked sensitive genotypes, aiming to generate a panel of differentially expressed stress-responsive genes. Both groups were submitted to 24 hours of water deficit stress. The SuperSAGE libraries produced 8,787,315 tags (26 bp) that, after exclusion of singlets, allowed the identification of 205,975 unitags. Most relevant BlastN matches comprised 567,420 tags, regarding 75,404 unitags with 164,860 different ESTs. To optimize the annotation efficiency, the Gene Ontology (GO) categorization was carried out for 186,191 ESTs (BlastN against Uniprot-SwissProt), permitting the categorization of 118,208 ESTs (63.5%). In an attempt to elect a group of the best tags to be validated by RTqPCR, the GO categorization of the tag-related ESTs allowed thein silicoidentification of 213 upregulated unitags responding basically to abiotic stresses, from which 145 presented no hits after BlastN analysis, probably concerning new genes still uncovered in previous studies. The present report analyzes the sugarcane transcriptome under drought stress, using a combination of high-throughput transcriptome profiling by SuperSAGE with the Solexa sequencing technology, allowing the identification of potential target genes during the stress response.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Ramie (Boehmeria niveaL. Gaud.) in Response to Ramie Moth (Cocytodes coeruleaGuenée) Infestation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangbin Zeng ◽  
Airong Shen ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Zhun Yan ◽  
Touming Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Pcr Analysis

The ramie mothCocytodes coeruleaGuenée (RM) is an economically important pest that seriously impairs the yield of ramie, an important natural fiber crop. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the ramie-pest interactions are unclear up to date. Therefore, a transcriptome profiling analysis would aid in understanding the ramie defense mechanisms against RM. In this study, we first constructed two cDNA libraries derived from RM-challenged (CH) and unchallenged (CK) ramie leaves. The subsequent sequencing of the CH and CK libraries yielded 40.2 and 62.8 million reads, respectively. Furthermore,de novoassembling of these reads generated 26,759 and 29,988 unigenes, respectively. An integrated assembly of data from these two libraries resulted in 46,533 unigenes, with an average length of 845 bp per unigene. Among these genes, 24,327 (52.28%) were functionally annotated by predicted protein function. A comparative analysis of the CK and CH transcriptome profiles revealed 1,980 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 750 were upregulated and 1,230 were downregulated. A quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis of 13 random selected genes confirmed the gene expression patterns that were determined by Illumina sequencing. Among the DEGs, the expression patterns of transcription factors, protease inhibitors, and antioxidant enzymes were studied. Overall, these results provide useful insights into the defense mechanism of ramie against RM.

scholarly journals Aspergillus Colonization and Aflatoxin Contamination in Peanut Genotypes with Resistance to Other Fungal Pathogens

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (12) ◽  
pp. 1429-1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Corley Holbrook ◽  
David M. Wilson ◽  
Michael E. Matheron ◽  
William F. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
White Mold ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Selection Tool ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus Group

Indirect selection tools would be valuable in the development of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cultivars with resistance to aflatoxin contamination. The objective of this study was to determine whether resistance to other fungi could be used as an indirect selection tool for resistance to colonization of peanut by Aspergillus flavus group fungi or aflatoxin contamination. Nine peanut genotypes with resistance to late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) or white mold (Sclerotium rolfsii) were evaluated for 2 years at Tifton, GA, and Yuma, AZ. Plots were subjected to late-season heat and drought stress. None of the genotypes exhibited less colonization of shells or kernels by A. flavus group fungi than cv. Florunner when tested in Georgia or Arizona. None of the genotypes showed a reduced level of aflatoxin contamination in comparison to Florunner at either location. These results indicate that the mechanisms of resistance to other fungi operating in these genotypes are not effective in providing resistance to colonization by A. flavus group fungi or reducing aflatoxin contamination. Therefore, resistance to these fungi cannot be used as an indirect selection tool for resistance to aflatoxin contamination.

scholarly journals The Isolation and Identification of Anthocyanin-Related GSTs in Chrysanthemum

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Yajing Li ◽  
Xiaofen Liu ◽  
Fang Li ◽  
Lili Xiang ◽  
Kunsong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Specific Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Sequence Alignment ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Transient Overexpression

Anthocyanin is the crucial pigment for the coloration of red chrysanthemum flowers, which synthesizes in the cytosol and is transported to the vacuole for stable storage. In general, glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play a vital role in this transport. To date, there is no functional GST reported in chrysanthemums. Here, a total of 94 CmGSTs were isolated from the chrysanthemum genome, with phylogenetic analysis suggesting that 16 members of them were clustered into the Phi subgroup which was related to anthocyanin transport. Among them, the expression of CmGST1 was positively correlated with anthocyanin accumulation. Protein sequence alignment revealed that CmGST1 included anthocyanin-related GST-specific amino acid residues. Further transient overexpression experiments in tobacco leaves showed that CmGST1 could promote anthocyanin accumulation. In addition, a dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that CmGST1 could be regulated by CmMYB6, CmbHLH2 and CmMYB#7, which was reported to be related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. Taken together, we suggested that CmGST1 played a key role in anthocyanin transport and accumulation in chrysanthemums.

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