scholarly journals Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Production from Wood Rot Fungi Collected in Chiapas, Mexico, and Their Growth on Lignocellulosic Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Lina Dafne Sánchez-Corzo ◽  
Peggy Elizabeth Álvarez-Gutiérrez ◽  
Rocío Meza-Gordillo ◽  
Juan José Villalobos-Maldonado ◽  
Sofía Enciso-Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Lignocellulosic Material ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Coffee Husk ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Specific Oxidation

Wood-decay fungi are characterized by ligninolytic and hydrolytic enzymes that act through non-specific oxidation and hydrolytic reactions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of lignocellulolytic enzymes from collected fungi and to analyze their growth on lignocellulosic material. The study considered 18 species isolated from collections made in the state of Chiapas, Mexico, identified by taxonomic and molecular techniques, finding 11 different families. The growth rates of each isolate were obtained in culture media with African palm husk (PH), coffee husk (CH), pine sawdust (PS), and glucose as control, measuring daily growth with images analyzed in ImageJ software, finding the highest growth rate in the CH medium. The potency index (PI) of cellulase, xylanase, and manganese peroxidase (MnP) activities was determined, as well as the quantification of lignin peroxidase (LiP), with the strains Phlebiopsis flavidoalba TecNM-ITTG L20-19 and Phanerochaete sordida TecNM-ITTG L32-1-19 being the ones with the highest PI of hydrolase activities with 2.01 and 1.83 cellulase PI and 1.95 and 2.24 xylanase PI, respectively, while Phlebiopsis flavidoalba TecNM-ITTG L20-19 and Trametes sanguinea TecNM-ITTG L14-19 with 7115 U/L LiP activity had the highest oxidase activities, indicating their ability to oxidize complex molecules such as lignin.

Molecular Identity of Species and Isolates of the Coniphora Cellar Fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 563-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Schmidt ◽  
K. Grimm ◽  
U. Moreth
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Its Sequences ◽  
Culture Collections ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Summary Within the genus Coniophora, C. puteana and the less common species C. marmorata, C. arida and C. olivacea form a group of domestic brown-rot fungi (“cellar fungi”), which cause considerable decay in the woodwork of buildings. The fungi are difficult to distinguish by their fruit bodies. Traditional methods fail to identify species in a pure culture. Also with regard to decay of wood in use, the basidiomes rarely develop, and the surface mycelium on wood is sparse except for the fine dark strands. Thus, molecular techniques were applied to obtain a reliable method for differentiation and detection and to aquire a greater knowledge of the domestic Coniophora species. Isolates obtained from decayed wood and from culture collections and identified as domestic Coniophora species were used. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced and restricted by the endonuclease TaqI. The ITS sequences characteristic of C. puteana, C. arida, C. marmorata and C. olivacea were obtained and entered into the international databases. The sequence size ranges from 525 to 729 bp. The data supplement our collection of ITS sequences from domestic wood decay fungi built for the characterization of mycelium in culture. Most isolates belong to C. puteana and some to C. arida, C. marmorata and C. olivacea. Two other isolates belong to a further Coniophora species close to C. olivacea. Obviously, at least five Coniophora species occur within European buildings. Many of the isolates were not correctly identified. Consequently, the traditional characterization methods used, viz., growth rate, temperature influence and wood weight loss, were less suitable for the differentiation of Coniophora species as formerly anticipated.

Growth inhibition of wood-decay fungi by lignin-related aromatic compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Cabral Almada ◽  
Mathilde Montibus ◽  
Frédérique Ham-Pichavant ◽  
Sandra Tapin-Lingua ◽  
Gilles Labat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

scholarly journals An Italian Research Culture Collection of Wood Decay Fungi

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Elena Girometta ◽  
Annarosa Bernicchia ◽  
Rebecca Michela Baiguera ◽  
Francesco Bracco ◽  
Simone Buratti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Research Culture ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Mn Peroxidase ◽  
The Mediterranean

One of the main aims of the University of Pavia mycology laboratory was to collect wood decay fungal (WDF) strains in order to deepen taxonomic studies, species distribution, officinal properties or to investigate potential applications such as biocomposite material production based on fungi. The Italian Alps, Apennines and wood plains were investigated to collect Basidiomycota basidiomata from living or dead trees. The purpose of this study was to investigate the wood decay strains of the Mediterranean area, selecting sampling sites in North and Central Italy, including forests near the Ligurian and Adriatic seas, or near the Lombardy lakes. The isolation of mycelia in pure culture was performed according to the current methodology and the identity of the strains was confirmed by molecular analyses. The strains are maintained in the Research Culture Collection MicUNIPV of Pavia University (Italy). Among the 500 WDF strains in the collection, the most interesting isolates from the Mediterranean area are: Dichomitus squalens (basidioma collected from Pinus pinea), Hericium erinaceus (medicinal mushroom), Inocutis tamaricis (white-rot agent on Tamarix trees), Perenniporia meridionalis (wood degrader through Mn peroxidase) and P. ochroleuca. In addition, strains of species related to the Mediterranean climate (e.g., Fomitiporia mediterranea and Cellulariella warnieri) were obtained from sites with a continental-temperate climate.

scholarly journals Detecting Heterobasidion irregulare in Minnesota and Assessment of Indigenous Fungi on Pines

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Eric Otto ◽  
Benjamin Held ◽  
Samuel Redford ◽  
Robert A. Blanchette
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Heterobasidion Irregulare

Heterobasidion irregulare is one of the most problematic forest pathogens in the northern hemisphere, but has only been found relatively recently in the north central United States. Discovered in Wisconsin in 1993, but probably established sometime before that, it quickly spread throughout the state. In November 2014, it was found in southeastern Minnesota. Field surveys were then conducted throughout Minnesota with the focus in the southeast near the initial discovery. To find additional infection sites, surveys were conducted with accompanying aerial imagery of red pine (Pinus resinosa Aiton) stands that were previously thinned. Samples were collected from selected sites with dead and dying trees as well as samples from stumps in recently thinned pine stands. These samples were processed first with a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol, which was replaced by a real-time PCR assay after its development. No samples tested positive for H. irregulare using these methods and no cultures from isolations were obtained outside the original infection area. Other indigenous fungi were also identified. The majority were wood decay fungi in the Basidiomycota. A spore collection study was also conducted after field surveys. Automated rotary arm spore collectors were used and assayed with an ITS TaqMan real-time PCR assay. Collectors were placed strategically in different areas of Minnesota. A positive control was used in an infected red pine plantation in Wisconsin and this location had the highest number of spores trapped, with 63,776 over a week period. Spores of H. irregulare were detected at several sites in Minnesota, with the highest spore total observed in traps at 413 over a week period. All other locations sampled also had some spores collected except Itasca State Park located in northwestern Minnesota. The weekly deposition of spores ranged from 0 to 1.26 m−2 h−1. Low spore levels occurring in Minnesota indicate that some spores are present, but they are currently being detected in amounts that may not be sufficient for colonization to be successful.

Aliphatic acids as spore germination inhibitors of wood-decay fungi in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Influences of eight saturated aliphatic acids (C5–C10, C12, and C16) on basidiospores of four isolates of wood-decay fungi (Poria tenuis and Trametes hispida, white rot fungi, and two isolates of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum) were observed in vitro. Spore responses after 24 h on malt extract agar containing 10, 102 or 103 ppm of each acid included normal germination, delay of germ tube emergence, vacuolation and degeneration of spore cytoplasm, and prevention of germ tube development without spore destruction. Acids of chain length C5–C10 prevented spore germination and killed spores of all fungi at concentrations of 20–50 ppm in media, whereas other acids tested were less active. Spore germination assay of decay fungi may prove useful as a screening tool to compare potency of wood preservatives.

Fungal deterioration of second-growth Douglas-fir logs in coastal British Columbia

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 1541-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Smith ◽  
H. M. Craig ◽  
D. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Deterioration Rate ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Fungal Deterioration

Fungal deterioration of second-growth Douglas-fir logs, felled each month from August 1961 to May 1962, was studied 2, 4, and 6 years after felling. Decay increased from 10% of log volumes after 2 years to 47% after 6 years. The rate of decay, particularly for the brown cubical type, was greater for autumn- and winter-felled logs than for those felled in the spring and late summer, and closely paralleled the seasonal pattern of ambrosia beetle attack.Decay rates increased with decreasing log size, increasing percentage of sapwood, and increasing height of log above ground. For the same diameter of log, base logs decayed less rapidly than second logs, possibly because of their lower proportion of sapwood in relation to heartwood.Decay expressed as a percentage of total log volume (Y) may be estimated (R2 = 0.71) with the following equation: Y = 13.2 + 10.7X1 − 3.2X2, where X1 = years elapsed and X2 = d.i.b. (diameter inside bark) top of log.Of 30 wood-decay fungi isolated, Naematoloma sp. (N. capnoides or N. fasciculare), which causes a white rot, was associated with the most decay. Fomes pinicola was mainly responsible for brown cubical sap rot, while Poria monticola and P. carbonica caused a brown cubical heart rot at the ends of logs.The significance of variations in deterioration rate and fungal associates is discussed in relation to log durability and salvability.

The role of wood decay fungi in the carbon and nitrogen dynamics of the forest floor

2009 ◽  
pp. 151-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Watkinson ◽  
Dan Bebber ◽  
Peter Darrah ◽  
Mark Fricker ◽  
Monika Tlalka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics

Bioconversion of Heptachlor Epoxide by Wood-Decay Fungi and Detection of Metabolites

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Fei Xiao ◽  
Toshio Mori ◽  
Ryuichiro Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Phlebia Brevispora

Although heptachlor epoxide is one of the most persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that cause serious environmental problems, there is very limited information of the biodegradation of heptachlor epoxide by microorganisms, and no systematic study on the metabolic products and pathway of endrin by microorganisms has been conducted. Wood-decay fungi can degrade a wide spectrum of recalcitrant organopollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). In this study, 18 wood-decay fungi strains of genus Phlebia were investigated for their ability to degrade heptachlor epoxide, and Phlebia acanthocystis, Phlebia brevispora, Phlebia lindtneri and Phlebia aurea removed about 16, 16, 22 and 25% of heptachlor epoxide, respectively, after 14 days of incubation. Heptachlor diol and 1-hydroxy-2,3-epoxychlordene were detected in these fungal cultures as metabolites by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS), suggesting that the hydrolysis reaction in the epoxide ring and substitution of chlorine atom with hydroxyl group in C1 position occur in bioconversion of heptachlor epoxide by selected wood-decay fungi, respectively. This is the first report describing the metabolites of heptachlor epoxide by microorganisms.

scholarly journals Host-exclusivity and host-recurrence by wood decay fungi (Basidiomycota - Agaricomycetes) in Brazilian mangroves

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgea S. Nogueira-Melo ◽  
Paulo J. P. Santos ◽  
Tatiana B. Gibertoni
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

scholarly journals Fundamental studies for designing insulation panels from wood shavings and filamentous fungi

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 5506-5520
Author(s):  
Guido Wimmers ◽  
Julia Klick ◽  
Linda Tackaberry ◽  
Cora Zwiesigk ◽  
Keith Egger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Decay ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Wood Fibers ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Shavings ◽  
Comparable Performance

The production of environmentally friendly thermal insulation boards is important for the building industry to reduce its environmental impact. The primary objective of this study was to test the feasibility of producing wood-based insulation panels as well as to use fungi as a binding agent and to explore whether a bio-based composite could be a viable alternative to the standard traditional foam insulation board and more expensive wood fibreboards (mainly available in European markets). Experiments were conducted to determine which combinations of wood fibers from selected northern tree species, wood decay fungi, and growth conditions were most suitable for panel making. The results showed that under the determined optimal growth conditions, Polyporus arcularius and Trametes suaveolens on birch wood shavings provided the best combination. Outcomes from initial physical screening tests, particularly thermal conductivity, suggested that these panels had a comparable performance to traditional insulation material.

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