In Vitro Effects of Leaf Extracts from Brassica rapa on the Growth of Two Entomopathogenic Fungi

This study aimed to determine the inhibitive or stimulatory effects of leaf extracts from two Brassica rapa subspecies on the hyphal growth of two well-known entomopathogenic fungi, Cordyceps fumosorosea and Beauveria bassiana. Extract concentrations of 50, 25, and 10% w/v based on leaf fresh weight were prepared from turnip (B. rapa subspecies rapa) and bok choy (B. rapa subspecies chinensis) leaves. Each concentration was individually incorporated into potato dextrose agar plates for in vitro bioassays. The center of each plate was inoculated with 20 µL of a fungal suspension that was allowed 24 h to soak into the agar before sealing the plates and incubating them at 25 °C under a 14-h photophase. The fungal colony perimeter was marked 5 days after inoculation on two perpendicular lines drawn on the bottom of each plate. Radial colony growth was measured from 4 marks per plate 5, 10, and 15 days later. Radial growth rates for both fungi were 1.3–2.0 and 0.9–1.4 times faster with bok choy and turnip extracts, respectively, at the 25% and 50% concentrations compared to the no-extract control treatment. Therefore, bok choy and turnip leaf extracts can stimulate entomopathogenic fungus growth within 15 days. Biochemical compounds in the extracts include sesquiterpenes, α-copaene, β-selinene, γ-gurjunene, calamenene, cubenene, and α-calacorene.

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In Vitro Effects of Different Combinations of Phytohormones on Callus Induction from Different Explants of Cabbage Brassica Oleracea Var. Capitata L. Seedlings

Iraqi Journal of Science ◽

10.24996/ijs.2021.62.10.7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3476-3486

Author(s):

Alaa. M. Hasan ◽

Ekhlas. A.J. ElKaaby ◽

Rakad. M.Kh. AL-Jumaily

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Callus Induction ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Culture Conditions ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Superior Result ◽

Significant Difference ◽

In Vitro Effects

The leading purpose of this work is the development of efficient culture conditions to induce calli from cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) under in vitro conditions. The mature seeds were surface sterilized with combinations of different concentrations of ethanol and NaOCl in different time durations and were germinated on MS basal medium. The results revealed that the best sterilization method of cabbage seeds was by using 70% ethanol for one minute, followed by 15 min in 2% (NaOCl). Seedlings were used as donor sources for hypocotyls, cotyledon leaves, true leaves, and shoot tip explants. These explants were cultured on different combinations of cytokinins (TDZ, BAP, Ad) and auxins (IAA, NAA, 2, 4-D) then implanted in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. 4 weeks after culturing, a significant difference was found among the explants in response to plant hormones. The maximum percentage of callus induction (100%) was using the combinations of 1 BAP + 1 2, 4-D, 1 BAP + 1 NAA, and 1 BAP + 2 2,4-D mg. l-1. In addition, explants responses varied and the hypocotyls showed a superior result (85.71 %) as compared to other explants. For callus fresh weight, the combination of 0.22 TDZ + 79.9 Ad mg. l-1 had a significant effect, causing the highest fresh weight (0.2745g), while control treatment gave the lowest mean of 0.0066 g. Data showed that cotyledon explants were significantly superior in giving highest callus fresh weight with the mean of 0.1723 g. On the other hand, hypocotyl explants gave the lowest mean, reaching 0.1542 g.

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In vitro effects of Italian Lavandula multifida L. leaf extracts on gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata ) leucocytes and SAF-1 cells

Fish & Shellfish Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.fsi.2017.05.033 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 66 ◽

pp. 334-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Angela Fazio ◽

Rebeca Cerezuela ◽

Maria Rosaria Panuccio ◽

Alberto Cuesta ◽

Maria Ángeles Esteban

Keyword(s):

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

In Vitro Effects

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In vitro effects of triterpenic acids from olive leaf extracts on the mitochondrial membrane potential of promastigote stage of Leishmania spp

Phytomedicine ◽

10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.004 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 1689-1694 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Ines Sifaoui ◽

Atteneri López-Arencibia ◽

Carmen Mª Martín-Navarro ◽

Juan Carlos Ticona ◽

María Reyes-Batlle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Membrane Potential ◽

Mitochondrial Membrane Potential ◽

Mitochondrial Membrane ◽

Olive Leaf ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Triterpenic Acids ◽

Leishmania Spp ◽

In Vitro Effects

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IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF ANTHELMINTIC AND ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITION OF SCHLEICHERA OLEOSA (LOUR.) OKEN LEAF EXTRACTS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i9.28338 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 487

Author(s):

Shambaditya Goswami ◽

Ravindra Pal Singh

Keyword(s):

Anthelmintic Activity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Leaf Extracts ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Schleichera Oleosa

Objective: The present study deals with the effects of Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken leaf extracts on helminths and alpha-amylase inhibition. Identification of phytochemicals and physicochemical analysis were also performed.Methods: Different concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg/ml) of petroleum ether, acetone, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of the leaf were used to examine the effects. For the evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic activity, several earthworms (Eisenia fetida, Perionyx excavates, and Pheretima posthuma) and nematode (Ascaridia galli) were taken, while albendazole was used as a standard drug and Tween 80 (3%) in normal saline (0.9% NaCl) was considered as a control treatment. In vitro alpha-amylase inhibition of different extracts (10–100 mg/ml) was done spectrophotometrically by dinitrosalicylic acid - starch azure method.Results: The ethanolic extract showed the maximum presence of phytochemicals among all the extracts, which included alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponin glycosides, phenolic compounds, resins, and amino acids. The outcomes of the determination of physicochemical parameters and fluorescence characters provided the satisfactory results. Significant anthelmintic activity was established by the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of the leaf among all the extracts and the responses, so observed, were dose responsive. Inhibition of alpha-amylase by ethanolic and aqueous extracts was significant with the IC50 value of 36.63 and 73.94 μg/ml, respectively, when compared to standard acarbose.Conclusion: The ethanolic extract was the more potent candidate for both the effects, and the effect of extract was best against A. galli, P. posthuma, and E. fetida at higher concentration. Isolation and characterization of therapeutic constituents would be the future interest.

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Potential of Oyster Mushrooms for the Biocontrol of Sugar Beet Nematode (Heterodera Schachtii)

Journal of Plant Protection Research ◽

10.2478/v10045-009-0004-6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Parisa Palizi ◽

E. Goltapeh ◽

Ebrahim Pourjam ◽

Naser Safaie

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Schachtii ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Mushroom Compost ◽

Oyster Mushrooms ◽

Sugar Beet Cyst Nematode ◽

Fungal Colony

Potential of Oyster Mushrooms for the Biocontrol of Sugar Beet Nematode (Heterodera Schachtii)The potential of oyster mushrooms to attack and kill sugar beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii) was studied. The ability ofPleurotus ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, P. florida, P. flabellatus, P. ostreatus(sporeless),P. eryngiiandHypsizygus ulmariusto prey on the cyst nematode was confirmed. Nematodes were inoculated on water agar plates on which a single sparse fungal colony of one of the above mentioned fungi was grown. Nematodes were quickly immobilized after inoculation the plates with eachPleurotusspecies, with mortality of about 96%, 72%, 55%, 52%, 20%, 23% and 62%, respectively. Nematicidal activities of culture filtrates ofPleurotusspecies andH. ulmariusagainstH. schachtiiwere also studiedin vitro.Extracts ofP. ostreatuscould paralyse 90% of nematodes whereasP. eryngiicould paralyse only 50% of nematodes. The efficacy of old mushroom compost from cultures ofP. ostreatusandP. sajor-cajuin controlling cysts on sugar beet (Beta vulgarisICI) were studied under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that 100 and 200 grams of mushroom compost per 3 kilogram/pot could significantly control cysts, reducing more than 85% cysts in soil. Presence of cysts on the roots and larvae inside roots were compared with the control treatment.

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KOMPATIBILITAS CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN BEAUVERIA BASSIANA (BALS) VUILL (DEUTEROMYCOTINA: HYPHOMYCETES) DENGAN MINYAK SERAI WANGI

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.11278-84 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 78-84

Author(s):

Trizelia Trizelia ◽

Rusdi Rusli

Keyword(s):

Beauveria Bassiana ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽

Entomopathogenic Fungus ◽

Colony Growth ◽

Conidial Germination ◽

Natural Control ◽

Conidia Germination ◽

Potential Source ◽

Lemongrass Oil

Entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana are important natural control agents of many insects and can be potentially used as a bioinsecticide against several pests. Other potential source of bioinsecticide is certain plants such as fragrant lemongrass oil. The in vitro compatibility of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana and fragrant lemongrass oil was evaluated. Fragrant lemongrass oil was tested in three different concentrations (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%). Fragrant lemongrass oil was diluted in the steril SDAY medium at the different concentrations. Effects of these concentrations on conidia germination, colony growth and sporulation were compared. Fragrant lemongrass oil affected conidial germination, colony growth and sporulation of B. bassiana. Fragrant lemongrass oil was not compatible with the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana.

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Bidens pilosa Extract Effects on Pine Wilt: Causal Agents and Their Natural Enemies

Forest Science ◽

10.1093/forsci/fxz076 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 66 (3) ◽

pp. 284-290

Author(s):

Satoshi Taba ◽

Koichiro Ashikaga ◽

Tsuyoshi Oohama ◽

Atsushi Ajitomi ◽

Chouji Kiyuna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

Hyphal Growth ◽

Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Pine Wood Nematode ◽

Bidens Pilosa ◽

Pine Wood ◽

Pine Wilt ◽

Japanese Pine Sawyer

Abstract We investigated the nematicidal and insecticidal activities of the aqueous extract from Bidens pilosa var. radiata on pine-wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and Japanese pine sawyer (Monochamus alternatus) larvae and adults, the causal agent and vector of pine wilt, respectively. The aqueous extract killed the pine-wood nematode, adults, and larvae of the vector in vitro at all concentrations tested, and the effect decreased significantly with increasing extract dilution. Repellent activity was observed on the nematode and the vector adults as well, although the activity decreased with time in case of the vector. Furthermore, the aqueous extract of B. pilosa effectively promoted approximately 3.0–9.0 mm of hyphal growth in Beauveria spp., when compared with the control treatment. A minor insecticidal effect was also observed on two species of click beetle (Cryptalaus larvatus pini and Paracalais berus), which are natural predators of the Japanese pine-sawyer larvae. Pesticidal and repellent activities of the aqueous extract observed on several organisms related to pine wilt suggest that a multifactorial approach may effectively control this devastating disease.

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