scholarly journals Recent Approaches towards Control of Fungal Diseases in Plants: An Updated Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Nawal Abd El-Baky ◽  
Amro Abd Al Fattah Amara
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Recent research demonstrates that the number of virulent phytopathogenic fungi continually grows, which leads to significant economic losses worldwide. Various procedures are currently available for the rapid detection and control of phytopathogenic fungi. Since 1940, chemical and synthetic fungicides were typically used to control phytopathogenic fungi. However, the substantial increase in development of fungal resistance to these fungicides in addition to negative effects caused by synthetic fungicides on the health of animals, human beings, and the environment results in the exploration of various new approaches and green strategies of fungal control by scientists from all over the world. In this review, the development of new approaches for controlling fungal diseases in plants is discussed. We argue that an effort should be made to bring these recent technologies to the farmer level.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Production and Sustainable Agriculture of Smallholder Farmers in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1100-1107
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Phu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Food Supply Chains ◽  
The World

Climate change is one of the greatest threats to human beings, and agriculture is one of the fields that is most negatively affected by climate change. Farmers around the world and global food supply chains are impacted by the more extreme weather phenomena and increased damage of diseases and pests caused by climate change. Today, almost all agricultural enterprises and farms consider climate change a serious long-term risk for their production. Agricultural land systems can produce significant greenhouse gases (GHGs) by the conversion of forests to crop- and animal lands, and also through the weak management of crops and livestock. Around the world, cultivation and cattle production accounts for 25% of global GHG emissions (Javeline, ‎2014). However, under suitable conditions, agriculture can create environmental conditions that can help minimize pollution and the negative effects of climate change including carbon absorption by green plants in forests, and fields for watershed protection and biodiversity conservation. Sustainable agriculture helps farmers to adapt, maintain, and improve productivity without applying harmful techniques. In turn, this allows farms to manage and mitigate climate-related risks in their supply chains. The Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN) has found new ways to incorporate smart climate cultivation methods into all farming practices to help farms and enterprises carry out agriculture sustainably.

Rapid and visual detection of Meloidogyne hapla using recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiqiang Song ◽  
Xiai Yang ◽  
Xiaowei Zhang ◽  
Mingbao Luan ◽  
Bing Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Detection ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Recombinase Polymerase Amplification ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Lateral Flow Dipstick ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control

The northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, is a biotrophic parasite that infects many crops and causes severe economic losses worldwide. Rapid and accurate detection of M. hapla is crucial for disease forecasting and control. We developed a recombinase polymerase amplification combined with a lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) assay for rapid detection of M. hapla. The primers and a probe were designed based on the effector gene 16D10 sequence and were highly specific to M. hapla. The RPA reaction was performed at a wide range of temperatures from 25 to 45°C within 5 to 25 min, and the amplicon was visualized directly on the LFD within 5 min. The detection limits of the RPA-LFD assay were 10-3 female and 10-2 J2/0.5 g of soil, which was 10 times more sensitive than the conventional PCR assay. In addition, the RPA-LFD assay can detect M. hapla from infested plant roots and soil samples, and the entire detection process can be completed within 1.5 h. These results indicate that the RPA-LFD assay is a simple, rapid, specific, sensitive, and visual method that can be used for rapid detection of M. hapla in the field and in resource-limited conditions.

Of Iron Cages, Double Binds, Epistemological Crises, and Environmental Destruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 358-379
Author(s):  
Anthony O. Balcomb
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
Epistemological Crises ◽  
And Control

The Western worldview, otherwise known as the modern worldview, has its origins in ancient Greek culture and its best known analyst and critic is Max Weber. Weber described the rationalization processes by which it came about as involving the disenchantment of the world, the disengagement of the autonomous self from the world in order to become its central agent, the objectification of the cosmos and the bureaucratization of all aspects of human life with the intention of mastery and control. This has led to what Weber called the Iron Cage in which modern human beings find themselves, unable to escape the alienation that such disengagement has brought about but equally unable to find an alternative. The exploitative nature of the western project is the basic cause of the contemporary destruction of the environment. Gregory Bateson probes more deeply into the alienating influences of the modern worldview which he says is based on its inability to understand the world holistically, which will inevitably lead to the world’s destruction. At the heart of this condition is his theory of the double bind. His advocacy for a more holistic understanding of the world resonates with postmodern critics in the fields of philosophy, anthropology, and theology, all of whom are advocating engagement, vulnerability, and participation as opposed to separation, prediction, and control.

Disastrous Forest Fires: Management and Control

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Vasudeva
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Forest Survey ◽  
Forest Fire Prevention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rational Knowledge ◽  
Religious Considerations

Forest fires are the most common hazard in forests causing havoc with biodiversity. Forest fires may occur naturally; however, about 80 per cent of forest fires in the world are caused by human beings. Forest Survey of India estimates that about half of the country’s forests are affected by fire. The negative effects of forest fires override the beneficial effects requiring their strategic management. Management of forest fires through the disaster management continuum would lead to systematic tackling with better results. Involvement of communities with their viewpoint in devising strategy for forest fire prevention and control is required. Integrated approach incorporating ecological, economic, social, cultural and religious considerations, and rational knowledge of local people through consultative process to be considered by a fully accountable nodal department would go a long way in managing this disastrous menace.

scholarly journals Competition Policy as a Strategic Determinant of Economic Development in the Post-pandemic Period: Management and Legal Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Avanesova ◽  
Viktoriia Vovk ◽  
Natalia Reshetniak ◽  
Nataliia Volosnikova ◽  
Yuliia Yehorova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
World Community ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The World

The state and tendencies of COVID-19 influence on the economic situation in the world are studied and the socio-economic losses suffered by the world economy during the pandemic are analyzed. The entire world community, starting in mid-December 2019, has come under the enormous influence of the World Coronavirus Epidemic, called COVID-19. The pandemic caused by this virus has already caused thousands of casualties around the world, imposed significant restrictions on the socio-cultural life of the population and radically changed the trends of the global economy. Today, it is difficult to predict what final human casualties and economic losses will be suffered by states in the short, medium and long term. However, it is important to consider individual economic development forecasts and measures selected by the governments of the world's leading countries to overcome the negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This will allow to form a real vision of the possible course of economic processes that will directly affect the level of socio-cultural life of the population.and the real measures taken to stabilize the financial and economic situation at the micro and macro levels.

scholarly journals Exploration on the Successful Experience of Disaster Avoidance from Mountain Torrents Disaster in Xiaodianwu, Kecheng District

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Zhang ◽  
Hanze Li ◽  
Zhengjie Zhou ◽  
Hongri Zheng ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Prevention System ◽  
The World ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Village

Mountain torrents disasters have become one of the main types of natural disasters in the world and causes a large number of casualties and economic losses. The construction of mountain torrents disaster mass monitoring and prevention system is an important part of mountain torrents disaster prevention and control construction in China. This paper introduces the main contents of the mass monitoring and prevention system, investigates the causes of mountain torrents disasters in Xiaodianwu, Kecheng District , analyzes the function of the forecasting and early warning measures, explores the successful experience of disaster avoidance, and provides reference for the improvement of mountain torrents disaster defense capabilities. In the process of defensing the mountain torrents disasters in Xiaodianwu, the village-level inspectors carried out on-site inspections in the rain and immediately organized door-to-door warnings and personnel transfers after discovering the danger, gaining valuable time for the successful avoidance of danger. The effective connection and close cooperation of the work chain at the provincial, city, county, and village levels were the key to the successful avoidance of this mountain torrent disaster.

scholarly journals Coccidiosis: A Parasitic Disease of Significant Importance in Rabbits

2020 ◽  
pp. 499-507
Author(s):  
Wafaa A. Abd El-Ghany
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Disease ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
Intestinal Lesions ◽  
The World ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
And Control ◽  
Shed Light

Rabbits are considered an important and healthy source of animal protein all over the world. They are susceptible to important diseases that can reduce their productivity, causing severe economic losses. Coccidiosis is one of the important protozoon diseases caused by Eimeria species. Rabbits are highly susceptible to coccidiosis, especially after weaning time. Coccidiosis in rabbits has two forms, namely hepatic and intestinal. Affected animals indicated the symptoms of diarrhea, reduced appetite, dehydration, and weight loss as well as liver and intestinal lesions. Diagnosis is based on the detection of the infective stages of the protozoon in feces or affected tissues. Prevention and control are achieved by adopting hygienic measures and using different anticoccidial drugs. The use of natural alternatives for the prophylaxis of coccidiosis in rabbits indicated promising results. Vaccine production trials are still under investigation. Accordingly, this review article aims to shed light on coccidiosis in rabbits considering pathology, diagnosis, and control.

A Pragmatist View of Scientific Realism

PARADIGMI ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
Michele Marsonet
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Realism ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Convergence Theory ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prediction And Control ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Scientific realism is a theme in which the originality of pragmatist positions clearly emerges. Nicholas Rescher argues that natural science can indeed validate a plausible commitment to the actual existence of its theoretical entities. Scientific conceptions aim at what really exists in the world but only hits it imperfectly and "well off the mark". Rescher's aim is to replace Charles S. Peirce's "long-run convergence" theory of scientific progress with a more modest position geared to increasing success in scientific applications, especially in matters of prediction and control. We can never assume that a particular scientific theory gives us the true picture of reality, since we know perfectly well from the history of science that, in a future we cannot actually foresee, it will be replaced by a better theory. There is indeed no reason to think that our particular scientific outlook on reality is absolute from the cognitive viewpoint. It must be relativized because of the interaction between the world on the one hand and human beings who investigate it on the other. Both our input and Nature's play a fundamental role in the outcome of our investigation.

scholarly journals To Solve the Coronavirus Crisis: Click Here

2021 ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Esther Keymolen
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Civil Rights Organizations ◽  
The World ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
And Control ◽  
Critical Citizens ◽  
Life Threatening Event

AbstractHuman beings are technical beings. From the clothes we wear to the spaceships we fire into the sky, all these technologies are developed with the aim to protect ourselves, improve ourselves, and control the fickle world in which we live. Therefore, it should not come as a surprise that when hit with one of the biggest health crises of the last century, all over the world, governments have turned to technology to contain this life-threatening event. Most of these proposed—or already developed—technological solutions are data-driven.Just as the turn to technology to solve this crisis does not come as a surprise, neither does the protest it has caused. Critical citizens and civil rights organizations worry about the possibility of personal data being shared with private parties, about governments ending up using the collected information against citizens, and they fear an overall loss of privacy and freedom if these applications became widely used. Overall, they suspect that what is introduced as a temporary instrument to counter this crisis will have long-lasting effects on society.

scholarly journals Study on protective measures against diseases of almonds caused by fungi: A case study in Tashkent region of Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 939 (1) ◽  
pp. 012088
Author(s):  
D Yuldosheva ◽  
O Khujaev ◽  
R Gulmurodov ◽  
Sh Gulmurodova
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Research Centers ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Almond Tree ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control

Abstract Among the fruit trees, almond has a special place and is an ancient and traditional type of fruit crop for many countries of the world. Leading research centers around the world have conducted research to study the prevalence, development, damage, and control measures of the almond tree fungi Stigmina carpophila and Monilinia cinerea, which cause widespread perforated spot and moniliosis burns. As a result, it was possible to preserve the almond crop lost under the influence of these diseases. Even today, research aimed at developing effective measures to control the fungal diseases of the almond tree remains relevant.

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