scholarly journals The Combination of Iron and Copper Increases Pathogenicity and Induces Proteins Related to the Main Virulence Factors in Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Nórida Vélez ◽  
Lucía Monteoliva ◽  
Zilpa-Adriana Sánchez-Quitian ◽  
Ahinara Amador-García ◽  
Rocío García-Rodas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Melanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Vesicular Traffic ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Capsule Size

In fungi, metals are associated with the expression of virulence factors. However, it is unclear whether the uptake of metals affects their pathogenicity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of iron/copper in modulating pathogenicity and proteomic response in two clinical isolates of C. neoformans with high and low pathogenicity. Methods: In both isolates, the effect of 50 µM iron and 500 µM copper on pathogenicity, capsule induction, and melanin production was evaluated. We then performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of cytoplasmic extracts exposed to that combination. Finally, the effect on pathogenicity by iron and copper was evaluated in eight additional isolates. Results: In both isolates, the combination of iron and copper increased pathogenicity, capsule size, and melanin production. Regarding proteomic data, proteins with increased levels after iron and copper exposure were related to biological processes such as cell stress, vesicular traffic (Ap1, Vps35), cell wall structure (Och1, Ccr4, Gsk3), melanin biosynthesis (Hem15, Mln2), DNA repair (Chk1), protein transport (Mms2), SUMOylation (Uba2), and mitochondrial transport (Atm1). Increased pathogenicity by exposure to metal combination was also confirmed in 90% of the eight isolates. Conclusions: The combination of these metals enhances pathogenicity and increases the abundance of proteins related to the main virulence factors.

Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus aureus in the Pathogenesis of Endocarditis A Comparative Study of Clinical Isolates

1998 ◽  
Vol 287 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Nozohoor ◽  
Anders Heimdahl ◽  
Patricia Colque-Navarro ◽  
Inger Julander ◽  
Bo Söderquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Clinical Isolates

scholarly journals Differences in Virulence Factors among Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli Causing Cystitis and Pyelonephritis in Women and Prostatitis in Men

2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 4445-4449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ruiz ◽  
K. Simon ◽  
J. P. Horcajada ◽  
M. Velasco ◽  
M. Barranco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Clinical Isolates

scholarly journals Analysis of virulence factors and emm typing of Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Enck Sambrano ◽  
Gustavo P Riboldi ◽  
Keli C Reiter ◽  
Thiago Galvão da Silva Paim ◽  
Neidmar Correa Tolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group A ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Streptococcus pyogenes, a Group A streptococci (GAS), is an important human pathogen that causes a wide range of infections. Methods: Twenty five clinical isolates of S. pyogenes were submitted to an emm typing and to a Real-time PCR analysis for 23 important virulence factors. Results: Fourteen emm types were found and the emm1 type was the most prevalent. The majority of the isolates were classified as emm pattern E, followed by A-C3. No pattern D was found. Among the virulence factors, the most prevalent were SpeG, Slo, C5a-peptidase and SPNA. Phage encoded virulence genes were also found among the strains, such as mf-2, SpeJ and SpeL. Discussion: The emm1 type was the most prevalent while the 13 others M types were distributed along the strains. No tissue tropism was found on the isolates. The virulence factors analysis demonstrated that chromosomally and phage-encoded genes were found, which confers a potential for high virulent micro-organisms.

scholarly journals Analysis of virulence factors and emm typing of Streptococcus pyogenes clinical isolates.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Enck Sambrano ◽  
Gustavo P Riboldi ◽  
Keli C Reiter ◽  
Thiago Galvão da Silva Paim ◽  
Neidmar Correa Tolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Tissue Tropism ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Group A ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Streptococcus pyogenes, a Group A streptococci (GAS), is an important human pathogen that causes a wide range of infections. Methods: Twenty five clinical isolates of S. pyogenes were submitted to an emm typing and to a Real-time PCR analysis for 23 important virulence factors. Results: Fourteen emm types were found and the emm1 type was the most prevalent. The majority of the isolates were classified as emm pattern E, followed by A-C3. No pattern D was found. Among the virulence factors, the most prevalent were SpeG, Slo, C5a-peptidase and SPNA. Phage encoded virulence genes were also found among the strains, such as mf-2, SpeJ and SpeL. Discussion: The emm1 type was the most prevalent while the 13 others M types were distributed along the strains. No tissue tropism was found on the isolates. The virulence factors analysis demonstrated that chromosomally and phage-encoded genes were found, which confers a potential for high virulent micro-organisms.

Impact of serial systemic infection on Candida albicans virulence factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 1249-1263
Author(s):  
Glaucia S Arita ◽  
Daniella R Faria ◽  
Karina M Sakita ◽  
Franciele AV Rodrigues-Vendramini ◽  
Isis RG Capoci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Systemic Candidiasis ◽  
Fungal Burden ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Proteomic Data ◽  
Repeated Contact

Aim: To evaluate changes in virulence and pathogenicity approaches from Candida albicans after successive passages in a murine model of systemic candidiasis. Materials & methods: Phenotypic assays were performed using colonies recovered from animals infected serially, totalizing five passages. Results: A progressive infection was observed along the passages, with increased fungal burden and the presence of greater inflammatory areas in the histopathological findings. Recovered strains exhibited increased filamentation and biofilm abilities, along with modulation of phospholipase and proteinase activities. Conclusion: Repeated contact between yeast and host increased the expression of virulence factors. Furthermore, a correspondence between phenotypic profile and proteomic data obtained previously was observed.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus epidermidis MSCRAMM SesJ Is Encoded in Composite Islands

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Srishtee Arora ◽  
Xiqi Li ◽  
Andrew Hillhouse ◽  
Kranti Konganti ◽  
Sara V. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Modification System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of nosocomial infections in patients with a compromised immune system and/or an implanted medical device. Seventy to 90% of S. epidermidis clinical isolates are methicillin resistant and carry the mecA gene, present in a mobile genetic element (MGE) called the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element. Along with the presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes, MGEs can also contain genes encoding secreted or cell wall-anchored virulence factors. In our earlier studies of S. epidermidis clinical isolates, we discovered S. epidermidis surface protein J (SesJ), a prototype of a recently discovered subfamily of the microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecule (MSCRAMM) group. MSCRAMMs are major virulence factors of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we report that the sesJ gene is always accompanied by two glycosyltransferase genes, gtfA and gtfB, and is present in two MGEs, called the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) element. The presence of the sesJ gene was associated with the left-hand direct repeat DR_B or DR_E. When inserted via DR_E, the sesJ gene was encoded in the SCC element. When inserted via DR_B, the sesJ gene was accompanied by the genes for the type 1 restriction modification system and was encoded in the ACME. Additionally, the SCC element and ACME carry different isoforms of the SesJ protein. To date, the genes encoding MSCRAMMs have been seen to be located in the bacterial core genome. Here, we report the presence of an MSCRAMM in an MGE in S. epidermidis clinical isolates. IMPORTANCE S. epidermidis is an opportunistic bacterium that has established itself as a successful nosocomial pathogen. The modern era of novel therapeutics and medical devices has extended the longevity of human life, but at the same time, we also witness the evolution of pathogens to adapt to newly available niches in the host. Increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogens provides an example of such pathogen adaptation. With limited opportunities to modify the core genome, most of the adaptation occurs by acquiring new genes, such as virulence factors and antibiotic resistance determinants present in MGEs. In this study, we describe that the sesJ gene, encoding a recently discovered cell wall-anchored protein in S. epidermidis, is present in both ACME and the SCC element. The presence of virulence factors in MGEs can influence the virulence potential of a specific strain. Therefore, it is critical to study the virulence factors found in MGEs in emerging pathogenic bacteria or strains to understand the mechanisms used by these bacteria to cause infections.

scholarly journals Virulence Factors Associated with Pediatric Shigellosis in Brazilian Amazon

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolinie Batista Nobre da Cruz ◽  
Maria Carolina Scheffer de Souza ◽  
Paula Taquita Serra ◽  
Ivanildes Santos ◽  
Antonio Balieiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Bacillary Dysentery ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Etiologic Study

Shigellosis is a global human health problem and the incidence is highest among children. In the present work, mainShigellavirulence genes was examined by PCR and compared to symptoms of pediatric shigellosis. ThirtyShigellaisolates were identified from an etiologic study at which 1,339 children ranging 0–10 years old were enrolled.S. flexneriwas the most frequent species reaching 60.0% of isolates, 22.2% wereS. sonnei, and 6.6% were bothS. dysenteriaeandS. boydii. AllShigellainfected children had diarrhea, but not all were accompanied by others symptoms of bacillary dysentery. Among major virulence genes, the PCR typing revealedipaBCDwas present in all isolates, followed byIpaH7.8,set-1A,set-1B, sen/ospD3, virF,andinvE. The pathogenic potential of the ShET-1B subunit was observed in relation to dehydration (P<0.001) and ShET-2 related to the intestinal injury (P=0.033) evidenced by the presence of bloody diarrhea. Our results show associations among symptoms of shigellosis and virulence genes of clinical isolates ofShigellaspp.

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