scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of Organic and Residual Fractions of Nematicidal Culture Filtrates from Thirteen Tropical Trichoderma Strains and Metabolic Profiles of Most-Active

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Felicia Amalia Moo-Koh ◽  
Jairo Cristóbal-Alejo ◽  
María Fé Andrés ◽  
Jesús Martín ◽  
Fernando Reyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Diode Array Detector ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Broth ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
In Vitro Assessment

The nematicidal properties of Trichoderma species have potential for developing safer biocontrol agents. In the present study, 13 native Trichoderma strains from T. citrinoviride, T. ghanense (2 strains), T. harzianum (4), T. koningiopsis, T. simmonsii, and T. virens (4) with nematicidal activity were selected and cultured in potato dextrose broth to obtain a culture filtrate (CF) for each. Each CF was partitioned with ethyl acetate to obtain organic (EA) and residual filtrate (RF) fractions, which were then tested on second-stage juveniles (J2s) of the nematodes Meloidogyne javanica and M. incognita in a microdilution assay. The most lethal strains were T. harzianum Th43-14, T. koningiopsis Th41-11, T. ghanense Th02-04, and T. virens Th32-09, which caused 51–100% mortality (%M) of J2s of both nematodes, mainly due to their RF fractions. Liquid chromatography–diode array detector-electrospray-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of the most-active fractions revealed sesquiterpene and polyketide-like metabolites produced by the four active strains. These native Trichoderma strains have a high potential to develop safer natural products for the biocontrol of Meloidogyne species.

scholarly journals Morphological, Pathogenic and Toxigenic Variability in the Rice Sheath Rot Pathogen Sarocladium Oryzae

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaat José Peeters ◽  
Ashley Haeck ◽  
Lies Harinck ◽  
Oluwatoyin Oluwakemi Afolabi ◽  
Kristof Demeestere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Helvolic Acid ◽  
Phylogenetic Lineages ◽  
Sheath Rot

Sheath rot is an emerging rice disease that leads to considerable yield losses. The main causal agent is the fungus Sarocladium oryzae. This pathogen is known to produce the toxins cerulenin and helvolic acid, but their role in pathogenicity has not been clearly established. S. oryzea isolates from different rice-producing regions can be grouped into three phylogenetic lineages. When grown in vitro, isolates from these lineages differed in growth rate, colour and in the ability to form sectors. A diverse selection of isolates from Rwanda and Nigeria, representing these lineages, were used to further study their pathogenicity and toxin production. Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis was used to measure cerulenin and helvolic acid production in vitro and in planta. The three lineages clearly differed in pathogenicity on the japonica cultivar Kitaake. Isolates from the least pathogenic lineage produced the highest levels of cerulenin in vitro. Helvolic acid production was not correlated with the lineage. Sectorisation was observed in isolates from the two least pathogenic lineages and resulted in a loss of helvolic acid production. In planta, only the production of helvolic acid, but not of cerulenin, correlated strongly with disease severity. The most pathogenic isolates all belonged to one lineage. They were phenotypically stable, shown by the lack of sectorisation, and therefore maintained high helvolic acid production in planta.

scholarly journals A New Flavone Glycoside From Lumnitzera littorea with In Vitro α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1985136
Author(s):  
Nguyen T. L. Thuy ◽  
Pham T. Thuy ◽  
Bui T. Tung ◽  
Huynh T. Loc ◽  
Truong T. T. Dang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flavone Glycoside ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Resolution Mass

A new flavone glycoside, lumnitzerone (1), was isolated from leaves of Lumnitzera littorea, together with 9 known flavonoids. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic (one-dimensional, two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance) and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis, and comparison with literature data. Extracts and all isolated compounds were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity; all the extracts and most of the isolated compounds exhibited better activities than the positive control acarbose.

scholarly journals Chemical Constituents from Albiziae Cortex and Their Ability to Ameliorate Steatosis and Promote Proliferation and Anti-oxidation In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (22) ◽  
pp. 4041
Author(s):  
Shi ◽  
Li ◽  
Cai ◽  
Liu ◽  
Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Albizzia Julibrissin ◽  
Lignan Glycosides ◽  
Reported Data

This study describes the chemical constituents of Albiziae Cortex and their ability to ameliorate steatosis and promote proliferation and anti-oxidation in vitro. Together, five known lignan glycosides, (7S,8R)-erythro-syringylglycerol-β–O-4′-sinapyl ether 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), (+)-lyoniresinol-9′-O-gluco-side (2), (−)-lyoniresinol-9′-O-glucoside (3), picraquassioside C (4), and icariside E5 (5), were isolated from the Albiziae Cortex. Their structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis and compared with reported data. Oil Red O staining results revealed that compounds 1, 2, and 3 attenuated lipid accumulation and lipid metabolic disorders in FFAs (oleate/palmitate, 2:1 ratio, 0.3 mM)-exposed HepG2 cells. The Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) assay results revealed that compounds 1 and 5 can significantly promote human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation; meanwhile, these compounds did not exhibit significant cytotoxicity against HUVECs. In addition, 2‘,7‘-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) staining results revealed that high glucose (HG)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was abolished by compounds 1, 2, and 3. This is the first report of the isolation of lignan skeletons from the genus Albizzia julibrissin with the ability to ameliorate steatosis and promote proliferation and anti-oxidation activities.

scholarly journals In Vitro Bioaccessibility and Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Spent Coffee Grounds-Enriched Cookies

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1837
Author(s):  
Luigi Castaldo ◽  
Sonia Lombardi ◽  
Anna Gaspari ◽  
Mario Rubino ◽  
Luana Izzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Spent Coffee Ground ◽  
In Vitro Bioaccessibility

Spent coffee ground (SCG) is a significant by-product generated by the coffee industry. It is considered a great source of bioactive molecules well-recognized for exerting biological properties. This study aimed to implement SCG in a baked foods, such as cookies (SCGc), to increase their bioactive potential. A comprehensive study of the polyphenolic fraction of the SCG and SCGc using a high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis was performed. Moreover, the polyphenol bioaccessibility and change in antioxidant activity during simulated gastrointestinal digestion (GiD) were assessed. Data showed that SCGc provided 780 mg of melanoidins, 16.2 mg of chlorogenic acid (CGA), 6.5 mg of caffeine, and 0.08 mg of phenolic acids per 100 g of sample. Moreover, the 5-caffeoylquinic acid was the most relevant CGA found in SCG (116.4 mg/100 g) and SCGc (8.2 mg/100 g) samples. The antioxidant activity evaluated through three spectrophotometric tests, and the total phenolic compounds of SCGc samples exhibited significantly higher values than the control samples. Furthermore, during simulated GiD, the highest bioaccessibility of SCGc polyphenols was observed after the colonic stage, suggesting their potential advantages for human health. Therefore, SCG with high content in bioactive molecules could represent an innovative ingredient intended to fortify baked food formulations.

scholarly journals Phytochemicals of Minthostachys diffusa Epling and Their Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Immacolata Faraone ◽  
Daniela Russo ◽  
Lucia Chiummiento ◽  
Eloy Fernandez ◽  
Alka Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Health Promoting

The genus Minthostachys belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and is an important South American mint genus used commonly in folk medicine as an aroma in cooking. The phytochemical-rich samples of the aerial parts of Minthostachys diffusa Epling. were tested for pharmacological and health-promoting bioactivities using in vitro chemical and enzymatic assays. A range of radical scavenging activities of the samples against biological radicals such as nitric oxide and superoxide anion and against synthetic 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals, the ferric reducing antioxidant power and the lipid peroxidation inhibition were determined and ranked using the ‘relative antioxidant capacity index’ (RACI). The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest RACI of +1.12. Analysis of the various fractions’ inhibitory ability against enzymes involved in diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and against enzymes associated with Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) also suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction showed more than 30 polyphenolic compounds, including triterpenes. The inhibitory cholinesterase effects of the triterpenes identified from M. diffusa were further analysed by in silico docking of these compounds into 3D-structures of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. This is the first study on pharmacological activities and phytochemical profiling of the aerial parts of M. diffusa, showing that this plant, normally used as food in South America, is also rich in health-promoting phytochemicals.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Antioxidative Effects of Helichrysum italicum and Helichrysum arenarium Infusions

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Katja Kramberger ◽  
Zala Jenko Pražnikar ◽  
Alenka Baruca Arbeiter ◽  
Ana Petelin ◽  
Dunja Bandelj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench (abbrev. as HA) has a long tradition in European ethnomedicine and its inflorescences are approved as a herbal medicinal product. In the Mediterranean part of Europe, Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don (abbrev. as HI) is more common. Since infusions from both plants are traditionally used, we aimed to compare their antioxidative potential using in vitro assays. Two morphologically distinct HI plants, HIa and HIb, were compared to a commercially available HA product. Genetic analysis using microsatellites confirmed a clear differentiation between HI and HA and suggested that HIb was a hybrid resulting from spontaneous hybridization from unknown HI subspecies. High-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed the highest amounts of hydroxycinnamic acids and total arzanol derivatives in HIa, whereas HIb was richest in monohydroxybenzoic acids, caffeic acids, and coumarins, and HA contained the highest amounts of flavonoids, especially flavanones. HIa exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity; it was more efficient in protecting different cell lines from induced oxidative stress and in inducing oxidative stress-related genes superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, and glutathione reductase 1. The antioxidative potential of HI was not only dependent on the morphological type of the plant but also on the harvest date, revealing important information for obtaining the best possible product. Considering the superior properties of HI compared to HA, the evaluation of HI as a medicinal plant could be recommended.

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