scholarly journals Expert-Based Maps as a Regional Planning Tool Supporting Nature Conservation and Production-Integrated Compensation—A German Case Study on Biodiversity Offsets

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 808
Author(s):  
Christian Sponagel ◽  
Andre Raichle ◽  
Martin Maier ◽  
Susanne Zhuber-Okrog ◽  
Ulrike Greifenhagen-Kauffmann ◽  
...  

Many countries worldwide have developed guidelines for offsetting impacts on nature and landscape. Suitable locations are the prerequisite for the implementation of these measures, and this might lead to conflicts with agriculture. In addition, comprehensive planning is often lacking and potential added values for nature conservation are not exploited. Concepts such as the so-called production-integrated compensation (PIC) have been introduced to give farmers the opportunity to actively participate in the offsetting process and improve cooperation. However, up to now, PIC has only rarely been put into practice. Against this backdrop, we have developed a regional planning tool for the implementation of PIC in practice. Based on geodata such as soil data, agricultural structure, or natural conditions at the field and landscape level, the general suitability, and specific measure-based recommendations for each plot can be verified with the help of a decision support system. These factors are assessed from both a nature and an agricultural perspective. The goal here is to highlight synergy effects and increase the likelihood of the proposed measures being implemented. Our tool facilitates the integrated planning of biodiversity offsets at regional level. In this way, it can promote the bundling and networking of measures. However, on-site analyses should be undertaken to complement the implementation of measures.

1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Fotheringham

The existence of polarised growth is an indication that growth centres do in fact exist. This paper describes a method to test for polarised growth within a multi-growth-centre environment. Application of the method in the United States shows that there are centres around which growth is polarised. However, this polarisation is not as straightforward as expected and it is shown that the type of polarisation can vary with time and with the size of centres to which growth is diffused. For example, in recent decades small centres were positively polarised around growth centres whereas large centres were negatively polarised. The latter result is an indication that the use of growth centres may not always be a good regional planning tool. By analysis of the polarisation of growth rates in a system of centres, information is also given on the mechanism of growth diffusion.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association


2021 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 104101
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Portela ◽  
Cristiana Vieira ◽  
Cláudia Carvalho-Santos ◽  
João Gonçalves ◽  
Isabelle Durance ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Diego Pires Ferraz Trindade ◽  
Meelis Pärtel ◽  
Carlos Pérez Carmona ◽  
Tiina Randlane ◽  
Juri Nascimbene

AbstractMountains provide a timely opportunity to examine the potential effects of climate change on biodiversity. However, nature conservation in mountain areas have mostly focused on the observed part of biodiversity, not revealing the suitable but absent species—dark diversity. Dark diversity allows calculating the community completeness, indicating whether sites should be restored (low completeness) or conserved (high completeness). Functional traits can be added, showing what groups should be focused on. Here we assessed changes in taxonomic and functional observed and dark diversity of epiphytic lichens along elevational transects in Northern Italy spruce forests. Eight transects (900–1900 m) were selected, resulting in 48 plots and 240 trees, in which lichens were sampled using four quadrats per tree (10 × 50 cm). Dark diversity was estimated based on species co-occurrence (Beals index). We considered functional traits related to growth form, photobiont type and reproductive strategy. Linear and Dirichlet regressions were used to examine changes in taxonomic metrics and functional traits along gradient. Our results showed that all taxonomic metrics increased with elevation and functional traits of lichens differed between observed and dark diversity. At low elevations, due to low completeness and harsh conditions, both restoration and conservation activities are needed, focusing on crustose species. Towards high elevations, conservation is more important to prevent species pool losses, focusing on macrolichens, lichens with Trentepohlia and sexual reproduction. Finally, dark diversity and functional traits provide a novel tool to enhance nature conservation, indicating particular threatened groups, creating windows of opportunities to protect species from both local and regional extinctions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6099
Author(s):  
Giovanna Adinolfi ◽  
Roberto Ciavarella ◽  
Giorgio Graditi ◽  
Antonio Ricca ◽  
Maria Valenti

Integration of DC grids into AC networks will realize hybrid AC/DC grids, a new energetic paradigm which will become widespread in the future due to the increasing availability of DC-based generators, loads and storage systems. Furthermore, the huge connection of intermittent renewable sources to distribution grids could cause security and congestion issues affecting line behaviour and reliability performance. This paper aims to propose a planning tool for congestion forecasting and reliability assessment of overhead distribution lines. The tool inputs consist of a single line diagram of a real or synthetic grid and a set of 24-h forecasting time series concerning climatic conditions and grid resource operative profiles. The developed approach aims to avoid congestions criticalities, taking advantage of optimal active power dispatching among “congestion-nearby resources”. A case study is analysed to validate the implemented control strategy considering a modified IEEE 14-Bus System with introduction of renewables. The tool also implements reliability prediction formulas to calculate an overhead line reliability function in congested and congestions-avoided conditions. A quantitative evaluation underlines the reliability performance achievable after the congestion strategy action.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Benjamin Richardson ◽  
Nina Hamaski

The rights-of-nature model is gaining traction as an innovative legal approach for nature conservation. Although adopted in several countries, it remains in its infancy, including in Australia. An important research question is whether rights of nature will offer superior environmental outcomes compared to traditional nature conservation techniques including creation of protected areas. This article investigates that question through a case study of the Tarkine wilderness, in the Australia state of Tasmania. It first identifies key lessons from existing international experience with affirmation of rights of nature, such as in New Zealand and Ecuador. The article then explores how rights of nature could apply in Australia’s Tarkine region and their value compared to existing or potential protected areas and other nature conservation measures under Australian or Tasmanian law. Affirming rights of nature represents a major conceptual shift in how people via the law relate to the natural world, but whether the model offers practical benefits for nature conservation depends on a variety of conditions, in addition to the need to address broader societal drivers of environmentaldegradation.


2012 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 211-215
Author(s):  
Lun Wang ◽  
Zhao Sun ◽  
Jing Ya Wen ◽  
Zhuang Li ◽  
Wen Jin Zhao ◽  
...  

This paper developed an optimal model of low-carbon urban agglomeration on the base of energy structure under uncertainty. The case study shows that the carbon intensity was decreased by [32.19, 41.20] (%) and energy intensity was reduced by [34.08, 43.19] (%) compared with those in 2010; meanwhile, the carbon intensity and energy intensity in the core area was reduced by [50.88, 54.11] (%) and [51.24, 54.57] (%) respectively, compared with those in 2010. The optimized scheme could not only meet the requirements of 12th Five-Year Planning Outline of Controlling Greenhouse Gas Emission, but also complied with the requirements of regional planning targets. The established model also provided more decision-making space for the sustainable development of low-carbon urban agglomeration.


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