scholarly journals Dynamics of Tree outside Forest Land Cover Development and Ecosystem Carbon Storage Change in Eastern Coastal Zone, Bangladesh

Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Imranul Islam ◽  
Shenghui Cui ◽  
Muhammad Ziaul Hoque ◽  
Hasan Muhammad Abdullah ◽  
Kaniz Fatima Tonny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Automated Classification ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Invest Model ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Storage Change

Tree outside forest (TOF) has immense potential in economic and environmental development by increasing the amount of tree vegetation in and around rural settlements. It is an important source of carbon stocks and a critical option for climate change regulation, especially in land-scarce, densely populated developing countries such as Bangladesh. Spatio-temporal changes of TOF in the eastern coastal zone of Bangladesh were analyzed and mapped over 1988–2018, using Landsat land use land cover (LULC) maps and associated ecosystem carbon storage change by linking the InVEST carbon model. Landsat TM and OLI-TIRS data were classified through the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) algorithm using Semi-Automated Classification (SAC). In the InVEST model, aboveground, belowground, dead organic matter, and soil carbon densities of different LULC types were used. The findings revealed that the studied landscapes have differential features and changing trends in LULC where TOF, mangrove forest, built-up land, and salt-aquaculture land have increased due to the loss of agricultural land, mudflats, water bodies, and hill vegetation. Among different land biomes, TOF experienced the largest increase (1453.9 km2), and it also increased carbon storage by 9.01 Tg C. However, agricultural land and hill vegetation decreased rapidly by 1285.8 km2 and 365.7 km2 and reduced carbon storage by 3.09 Tg C and 4.89 Tg C, respectively. The total regional carbon storage increased by 1.27 Tg C during 1988–2018. In addition to anthropogenic drivers, land erosion and accretion were observed to significantly alter LULC and regional carbon storage, necessitating effective river channel and coastal embankment management to minimize food and environmental security tradeoff in the studied landscape.

scholarly journals Substantially Greater Carbon Emissions Estimated Based on Annual Land-Use Transition Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1126
Author(s):  
Jiaojiao Diao ◽  
Jinxun Liu ◽  
Zhiliang Zhu ◽  
Mingshi Li ◽  
Benjamin M. Sleeter
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
The United States ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon

Quantifying land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) effects on carbon sources and sinks has been very challenging because of the availability and quality of LULCC data. As the largest estuary in the United States, Chesapeake Bay is a rapidly changing region and is affected by human activities. A new annual land-use and land-cover (LULC) data product developed by the U.S. Geological Survey Land Change Monitoring and Analysis Program (LCMAP) from 2001 to 2011 was analyzed for transitions between agricultural land, developed land, grassland, forest land and wetland. The Land Use and Carbon Scenario Simulator was used to simulate effects of LULCC and ecosystem disturbance in the south of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed (CBW) on carbon storage and fluxes, with carbon parameters derived from the Integrated Biosphere Simulator. We found that during the study period: (1) areas of forest land, disturbed land, agricultural land and wetland decreased by 90, 82, 57, and 65 km2, respectively, but developed lands gained 293 km2 (29 km2 annually); (2) total ecosystem carbon stock in the CBW increased by 13 Tg C from 2001 to 2011, mainly due to carbon sequestration of the forest ecosystem; (3) carbon loss was primarily attributed to urbanization (0.224 Tg C·yr−1) and agricultural expansion (0.046 Tg C·yr−1); and (4) estimated carbon emissions and harvest wood products were greater when estimated with the annual LULC input. We conclude that a dense time series of LULCC, such as that of the LCMAP program, may provide a more accurate accounting of the effects of land use change on ecosystem carbon, which is critical to understanding long-term ecosystem carbon dynamics.

scholarly journals Land Cover Changes and Flows in the Polish Baltic Coastal Zone: A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Bielecka ◽  
Agnieszka Jenerowicz ◽  
Krzysztof Pokonieczny ◽  
Sylwia Borkowska
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Baltic Coast ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends ◽  
Artificial Surface ◽  
The Baltic

Detecting land cover changes requires timely and accurate information, which can be assured by using remotely sensed data and Geographic Information System(GIS). This paper examines spatiotemporal trends in land cover changes in the Polish Baltic coastal zone, especially the urbanisation, loss of agricultural land, afforestation, and deforestation. The dynamics of land cover change and its impact were discussed as the major findings. The analysis revealed that land cover changes on the Polish Baltic coast have been consistent throughout the 1990–2018 period, and in the consecutive inventories of land cover, they have changed faster. As shown in the research, the area of agricultural land was subject to significant change, i.e., about 40% of the initial 8% of the land area in heterogeneous agriculture was either developed or abandoned at about equal rates. Next, the steady growth of the forest and semi-natural area also changed the land cover. The enlargement of the artificial surface was the third observed trend of land cover changes. However, the pace of land cover changes on the Baltic coast is slightly slower than in the rest of Poland and the European average. The region is very diverse both in terms of land cover, types of land transformation, and the pace of change. Hence, the Polish national authorities classified the Baltic coast as an area of strategic intervention requiring additional action to achieve territorial cohesion and the goals of sustainable development.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Municipal Planning, a case study of Barahathawa Municipality, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kedar Dahal ◽  
Krishna P. Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Urban Growth ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The Rapid transformation of rural settlements into municipalities in Nepal has brought significant changes in land use and urban expansion patterns mostly through the conversion of agricultural land into the built-up area. The issue is studied taking a case of rapidly growing town Barahathawa Municipality of Sarlahi District. After the declaration of the municipality, several new roads have been opened and upgraded; and the municipality has well-connected to the national transportation network. After promulgated the Constitution of Nepal 2015 and elected local bodies, the municipality budget has been increased significantly as a result of increasing municipal investment in socio-economic and physical infrastructure development and environmental protection which have attracted people, goods, and services creating the zone of influence. One of the changes found in the municipality is the increasing built-up area and expansion of urban growth through the decreasing agricultural land. Urban growth has been observed taking place around the Barahathawa Bazaar and main roadsides. The built-up area in Barahathawa municipality has remarkably increased by 184% with the decrease of shrub and agricultural land within 10 years. Implications of such spatial and temporal dynamics have been a core issue of urban planning in most of the newly declared municipalities in Nepal

scholarly journals Modelled land use and land cover change emissions – A spatio-temporal comparison of different approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang A. Obermeier ◽  
Julia E. M. S. Nabel ◽  
Tammas Loughran ◽  
Kerstin Hartung ◽  
Ana Bastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Quantifying the net carbon flux from land use and land cover changes (fLULCC) is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle, and hence, to support climate change mitigation. However, large-scale fLULCC is not directly measurable, but has to be inferred from models instead, such as semi-empirical bookkeeping models, and process-based dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). By definition, fLULCC estimates are not directly comparable between these two different model types. As an example, DGVM-based fLULCC in the annual global carbon budgets is estimated under transient environmental forcing and includes the so-called Loss of Additional Sink Capacity (LASC). The LASC accounts for the impact of environmental changes on land carbon storage potential of managed land compared to potential vegetation which is not represented in bookkeeping models. In addition, fLULCC from transient DGVM simulations differs depending on the arbitrary chosen simulation time period and the historical timing of land use and land cover changes (including different accumulation periods for legacy effects). An approximation of fLULCC by DGVMs that is independent of the timing of land use and land cover changes and their legacy effects requires simulations assuming constant pre-industrial or present-day environmental forcings. Here, we analyze three DGVM-derived fLULCC estimations for twelve models within 18 regions and quantify their differences as well as climate- and CO2-induced components. The three estimations stem from the commonly performed simulation with transiently changing environmental conditions and two simulations that keep environmental conditions fixed, at pre-industrial and present-day conditions. Averaged across the models, we find a global fLULCC (under transient conditions) of 2.0 ± 0.6 PgC yr-1 for 2009–2018, of which ∼40 % are attributable to the LASC (0.8 ± 0.3 PgC yr-1). From 1850 onward, fLULCC accumulated to 189 ± 56 PgC with 40 ± 15 PgC from the LASC. Regional hotspots of high cumulative and annual LASC values are found in the USA, China, Brazil, Equatorial Africa and Southeast Asia, mainly due to deforestation for cropland. Distinct negative LASC estimates, in Europe (early reforestation) and from 2000 onward in the Ukraine (recultivation of post-Soviet abandoned agricultural land), indicate that fLULCC estimates in these regions are lower in transient DGVM- compared to bookkeeping-approaches. By unraveling spatio-temporal variability in three alternative DGVM-derived fLULCC estimates, our results call for a harmonized attribution of model-derived fLULCC. We propose an approach that bridges bookkeeping and DGVM approaches for fLULCC estimation by adopting a mean DGVM-ensemble LASC for a defined reference period.

Spatio-temporal comparison of different approaches to derive land use and land cover change emissions by models

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Obermeier ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Equatorial Africa ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Global Carbon

<p>The quantification of the net carbon flux from land use and land cover changes (f<sub>LULCC</sub>) is essential to understand the global carbon cycle, and consequently, to support climate change mitigation. However, large-scale f<sub>LULCC</sub> is not directly measurable, and can only be inferred by models, such as semi-empirical bookkeeping models, and process-based dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). By definition, f<sub>LULCC</sub> estimates between these two model types are not directly comparable. For example, transient DGVM-based f<sub>LULCC</sub> of the annual global carbon budget includes the so-called Loss of Additional Sink Capacity (LASC). The latter accounts for environmental impacts on the land carbon storage capacities of managed land compared to potential vegetation which is not included in bookkeeping models. Additionally, estimates of transient DGVM-based f<sub>LULCC</sub> differ from bookkeeping model estimates, since they depend on arbitrarily chosen simulation time periods and the timing of land use and land cover changes within the historic period (which includes different accumulation periods for legacy effects). However, DGVMs enable a f<sub>LULCC</sub> approximation independent of the timing of land use and land cover changes and their legacy effects by simulations run under constant pre-industrial or present-day environmental forcings.</p><p>In this study, we analyze these different DGVM-derived f<sub>LULCC</sub> definitions, under transiently changing environmental conditions and fixed pre-industrial and fixed present-day conditions, within 18 regions for twelve DGVMs and quantify their differences as well as climate- and CO<sub>2</sub>-induced components. The multi model mean under transient conditions reveals a global f<sub>LULCC</sub> of 2.0±0.6 PgC yr<sup>-1</sup> for 2009-2018, with ~40% stemming from the LASC (0.8±0.3 PgC yr<sup>-1</sup>). Within the industrial period (1850 onward), cumulative f<sub>LULCC</sub> reached 189±56 PgC with 40±15 PgC from the LASC.</p><p>Regional hotspots of high LASC values exist in the USA, China, Brazil, Equatorial Africa and Southeast Asia, which we mainly relate to deforestation for cropland. Distinct negative LASC estimates were observed in Europe (early reforestation) and from 2000 onward in the Ukraine (recultivation of post-Soviet abandoned agricultural land). Negative LASC estimates indicate that fLULCC estimates in these regions are lower in transient DGVM simulations compared to bookkeeping-approaches. By unraveling the spatio-temporal variability of the different DGVM-derived f<sub>LULCC</sub> estimates, our study calls for a harmonized attribution of model-derived f<sub>LULCC</sub>. We propose an approach that bridges bookkeeping and DGVM approaches for f<sub>LULCC</sub> estimation by adopting a mean DGVM-ensemble LASC for a defined reference period.</p>

Spatio-temporal analysis of land cover changes in the evergreen and semi-evergreen rainforests: A case study in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-99
Author(s):  
M. Mamnun ◽  
S. Hossen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Present Condition ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Chittagong Hill Tracts ◽  
Barren Land ◽  
Spatio Temporal

The main purpose of this study is to describe the spatio-temporal analysis of land use and land cover status and to identify land cover changes, especially of deforestation and degradation in evergreen, semi-evergreen rainforests of Chittagong Hill Tracts from 1988-2018 by using Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS and Landsat 5 TM satellite imagery. The ArcGIS v10.5 and ERDAS Imagine v15 software were used to process satellite imageries and assess quantitative data for land-use change assessment of this study area. The study revealed that the area of forest land and water body decreased by 17.92% and 5.43% respectively from 1988-2018. On the other hand, the area of agricultural land, barren land and settlement increased by 45.66%, 312.08% and 240.01% respectively. If the present condition remains constant, the projection of future land-use/ land cover changes for the next 15 years will predict that more than 7.37% dense forest (2253.83 ha) land will be decreased and 19.60% agricultural will be converted to other land uses. This study suggests that proper policy should be adopted urgently to conserve residual forest coverage and restore it to regain its past appearance.

scholarly journals Interactions between nitrogen deposition, land cover conversion, and climate change determine the contemporary carbon balance of Europe

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2749-2764 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Churkina ◽  
S. Zaehle ◽  
J. Hughes ◽  
N. Viovy ◽  
Y. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Continuous Increase

Abstract. European ecosystems are thought to take up large amounts of carbon, but neither the rate nor the contributions of the underlying processes are well known. In the second half of the 20th century, carbon dioxide concentrations have risen by more that 100 ppm, atmospheric nitrogen deposition has more than doubled, and European mean temperatures were increasing by 0.02 °C yr−1. The extents of forest and grasslands have increased with the respective rates of 5800 km2 yr−1 and 1100 km2 yr−1 as agricultural land has been abandoned at a rate of 7000 km2 yr−1. In this study, we analyze the responses of European land ecosystems to the aforementioned environmental changes using results from four process-based ecosystem models: BIOME-BGC, JULES, ORCHIDEE, and O-CN. The models suggest that European ecosystems sequester carbon at a rate of 56 TgC yr−1 (mean of four models for 1951–2000) with strong interannual variability (±88 TgC yr−1, average across models) and substantial inter-model uncertainty (±39 TgC yr−1). Decadal budgets suggest that there has been a continuous increase in the mean net carbon storage of ecosystems from 85 TgC yr−1 in 1980s to 108 TgC yr−1 in 1990s, and to 114 TgC yr−1 in 2000–2007. The physiological effect of rising CO2 in combination with nitrogen deposition and forest re-growth have been identified as the important explanatory factors for this net carbon storage. Changes in the growth of woody vegetation are suggested as an important contributor to the European carbon sink. Simulated ecosystem responses were more consistent for the two models accounting for terrestrial carbon-nitrogen dynamics than for the two models which only accounted for carbon cycling and the effects of land cover change. Studies of the interactions of carbon-nitrogen dynamics with land use changes are needed to further improve the quantitative understanding of the driving forces of the European land carbon balance.

scholarly journals Analysis of Forest Deforestation and its Driving Factors in Myanmar from 1988 to 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongfeng Yang ◽  
Yi Luo ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Liang Hong ◽  
Xiaolu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Deforestation Rate ◽  
Land Cover Data ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Landsat Satellite

Myanmar, abundant in natural resources, is one of the countries with high forest cover in Southeast Asia. Along with its rapid socio-economic development, however, the construction of large-scale infrastructure, expansion of agricultural land, and an increasing demand for timber products have posed serious threats to the forests and significantly affected regional sustainable development. However, the geographical environment in Myanmar is complex, resulting in the lack of long-term sequence of land cover data products. Based on 30 years’ Landsat satellite remote sensing imagery data and the land cover data extracted by a mixed classification method, this paper examined the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of forest cover in Myanmar and investigated driving factors of the spatio-temporal evolution. Results show that the forest cover has decreased by 110,621 km2 in the past 30 years with the annual deforestation rate of 0.87%. Cropland expansion is the main reason for the deforestation throughout the study period. The study can provide basic information of the forest cover data to the Myanmar government for ecological environment protection. At the same time, it can provide important support to the “Belt and Road” initiative to invest in the region’s economy.

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