scholarly journals Improving Hill Farming: From Maize Monocropping to Alternative Cropping Systems in the Thai Highlands

Land ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Chiranan Senanuch ◽  
Takuji W. Tsusaka ◽  
Avishek Datta ◽  
Nophea Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Farmland Conversion ◽  
Alternative Farming ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Hill

Lately, the Hill Pond Rice System (HPRS) is being promoted as a form of alternative farming systems in selected northern provinces of Thailand, in which the land conversion is designed to maximize rainwater harvesting in farmland consisting of forest trees, water reservoirs, paddy fields, and high-value crop cultivation to serve environmental and livelihood needs. This study employed the double-hurdle model and the tobit technique to investigate the farm-level factors associated with land conversion from maize monocropping to the HPRS using primary data collected from 253 households in Nan, Chiang Mai, Tak, and Lampang Provinces. It was found that education, farming knowledge, understanding benefits of the HPRS, access to water sources, access to advis, and workforce sharing raised the likelihood and extent of farmland conversion into the HPRS. In contrast, perceived complexity of the HPRS, experiences with negative shocks, and land tenure security lowered the likelihood and extent of land conversion. The findings suggest that on-farm collective action should be promoted to mitigate labor constraints in implementation and that access to equipment should be enhanced through HPRS advisors’ visits.

Pathways ahead for New Zealand hill country farming

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 73-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.G. Scrimgeour
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
The Status ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Hill

This paper provides a stocktake of the status of hill country farming in New Zealand and addresses the challenges which will determine its future state and performance. It arises out of the Hill Country Symposium, held in Rotorua, New Zealand, 12-13 April 2016. This paper surveys people, policy, business and change, farming systems for hill country, soil nutrients and the environment, plants for hill country, animals, animal feeding and productivity, and strategies for achieving sustainable outcomes in the hill country. This paper concludes by identifying approaches to: support current and future hill country farmers and service providers, to effectively and efficiently deal with change; link hill farming businesses to effective value chains and new markets to achieve sufficient and stable profitability; reward farmers for the careful management of natural resources on their farm; ensure that new technologies which improve the efficient use of input resources are developed; and strategies to achieve vibrant rural communities which strengthen hill country farming businesses and their service providers. Keywords: farming systems, hill country, people, policy, productivity, profitability, sustainability

scholarly journals SIKAP PEMILIK LAHAN TERHADAP ALIH FUNGSI LAHAN DI DESA KALASEY SATU

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3A) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Saiful ., Sarayar ◽  
Rine ., Kaunang ◽  
Mex L. Sondakh
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
City Government ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Land Owners

This study aims to determine the attitude of landowners against land conversion in the village Kalasey One, Minahasa. This research was conducted by using primary data obtained from interviews on a sample of attitudes concerning land owners who've experienced over the land by using a questionnaire that has been prepared. Secondary data were obtained from the Office of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and the Office of Manado City Government Kalasey Village One. The results showed that the attitude of landowners against land conversion mostly to take place quickly and the conversion is done by first over land tenure. Land converted generally used to build houses and residential areas. Factors that cause land conversion categorized into internal factors such as the pressing economic needs and the desire to change the fate, as well as external factors such as population growth and government policies. Meanwhile land use also has a positive effect, namely the presence of housing construction resulted in the development of rural economy. The attitude of landowners against land conversion is at an index number of 73.73 percent means included in either category.

scholarly journals Resilient rainfed technologies for drought mitigation and sustainable food security

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-182
Author(s):  
CH. SRINIVASA RAO ◽  
K. A. GOPINATH
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Rainfed Agriculture ◽  
Drought Mitigation ◽  
Drought Preparedness

Even though drought is one of the most common features affecting rainfed agriculture, it is necessary to consider it as an extreme climatological event that requires different types of alleviating strategies for overcoming it. The risk involved in successful cultivation of crops depends on the nature of drought (chronic and contingent), its probable duration, and frequency of occurrence within the season. These aberrations are expected to further increase in future. A significant fall in food production is often noticed with increase in intensity or extension in duration of drought prevalence. Drought affects not only the food production at farm level but also the national economy and overall food security. Location-specific rainfed technologies are available to cope with different drought situations. Much of the research done in rainfed agriculture in India relates to conservation of soil & rainwater and to drought proofing. The key technologies for drought mitigation are in situ moisture conservation, rainwater harvesting and recycling, resilient crops and cropping systems including contingency crop plans, foliar sprays, and integrated farming systems. However, drought preparedness and real time implementation of contingency measures at field level needs well structured institutional support for farmers with strong government policy and convergence among various institutions. Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India, needs to facilitate the convergence process of various government schemes such as MGNREGA, RKVY, Mega Seed Project, NFSM, NHM, IWMP, Soil health schemes etc. for drought preparedness. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), one among the missions under the Prime Minister National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) may take a lead role in implementation of contingency, by inclusion of this activity in State Action Plans (SAP) with a dedicated Nodal Institution /officers and budget provision.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF RAINWATER HARVESTING ON YIELD OF WHEAT AND MAIZE CROPS IN PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
I. Jan ◽  
S. Khan ◽  
T. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Research Area ◽  
T Test ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Rainfed Farming

This paper attempts to identify the effect of rainwater harvesting (RWH) and rainfed irrigation on yield of wheat and maize crops in Pakistan. The study was carried out in two villages, namely, Reerh  and Ghoutar of district Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 200 farming households were randomly selected from both villages. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect primary data. The descriptive analysis shows that farmers in the research area had adopted small-scale, indigenous RWH schemes such as channels, bunds, tanks, and rooftop collection. A paired-samples t-test was used to compare the yield of wheat and maize crops between irrigated and rainfed farming systems. The results of the paired t-test confirmed a difference in yield of wheat and maize in irrigated and rainfed conditions. The study concludes that the large portion of uncultivated land could be cultivated if water shortage problem is resolved through the promotion of community-led RWH schemes in the area. This will help in sustainable agricultural development in the area.    

GRAZING STUDIES FOR GRASSLAND SHEEP SYSTEMS AT THE HILL FARMING RESEARCH ORGANISATION, U.K.

1984 ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
J. Hodgson ◽  
T.J. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Research Organisation ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Hill

Studies in the UK on continuously stocked swards dominated by perennial ryegrass show that both net herbage production and lamb output per hectare are maximised when herbage mass is maintained at 1200-I 500 kg OM/ha (3-5 cm surface height) during the main season of growth. The use of this information to define sward management objectives is outlined, and the incorporation of these objectives into the spring and summer phases of a grassland sheep enterprise is illustrated

scholarly journals Camelina, an ancient oilseed crop actively contributing to the rural renaissance in Europe. A review

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Zanetti ◽  
Barbara Alberghini ◽  
Ana Marjanović Jeromela ◽  
Nada Grahovac ◽  
Dragana Rajković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
European Farming ◽  
European Agriculture

AbstractPromoting crop diversification in European agriculture is a key pillar of the agroecological transition. Diversifying crops generally enhances crop productivity, quality, soil health and fertility, and resilience to pests and diseases and reduces environmental stresses. Moreover, crop diversification provides an alternative means of enhancing farmers’ income. Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) reemerged in the background of European agriculture approximately three decades ago, when the first studies on this ancient native oilseed species were published. Since then, a considerable number of studies on this species has been carried out in Europe. The main interest in camelina is related to its (1) broad environmental adaptability, (2) low-input requirements, (3) resistance to multiple pests and diseases, and (4) multiple uses in food, feed, and biobased applications. The present article is a comprehensive and critical review of research carried out in Europe (compared with the rest of the world) on camelina in the last three decades, including genetics and breeding, agronomy and cropping systems, and end-uses, with the aim of making camelina an attractive new candidate crop for European farming systems. Furthermore, a critical evaluation of what is still missing to scale camelina up from a promising oilseed to a commonly cultivated crop in Europe is also provided (1) to motivate scientists to promote their studies and (2) to show farmers and end-users the real potential of this interesting species.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertility in semiarid dryland wheat production is challenging for beginning organic farmers

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
Gary W. Hergert
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
Summer Fallow

AbstractOrganic farming systems use green and animal manures to supply nitrogen (N) to their fields for crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of green manure and composted cattle manure on the subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) crop in a semiarid environment. Dry pea (Pisum sativumL.) was seeded in early April and terminated at first flower in late June. Composted cattle manure was applied at 0, 11.2 or 22.5 Mg ha−1just prior to pea termination. Winter wheat was planted in mid September following the green manure or tilled summer fallow. No positive wheat response to green manure or composted cattle manure was observed in any of the 3 years of the study. In 2 of the 3 years, wheat yields and grain test weight were reduced following green manure. Green manure reduced grain yields compared with summer fallow by 220 and 1190 kg ha−1in 2009 and 2010, respectively. This may partially be explained by 40 and 47 mm less soil water at wheat planting following peas compared with tilled summer fallow in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Also, in 2008 and 2009, soil nitrate level averaged 45 kg ha−1higher for black fallow compared with green manure fallow when no compost was added. Organic growers in the semiarid Central Great Plains will be challenged to supply N fertility to their winter wheat crop in a rapid and consistent manner as a result of the inherently variable precipitation. Growers may need to allow several years to pass before seeing the benefits of fertility practices in their winter wheat cropping systems.

Use of multipurpose trees in hill farming systems in Western Nepal

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Fonzen ◽  
Erich Oberholzer
Keyword(s):  
Farming Systems ◽  
Multipurpose Trees ◽  
Hill Farming
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