scholarly journals Zebrafish Vascular Mural Cell Biology: Recent Advances, Development, and Functions

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1041
Author(s):  
Koji Ando ◽  
Tomohiro Ishii ◽  
Shigetomo Fukuhara
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Phenotypic Analysis ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Mural Cell ◽  
Mural Cells ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Growth Factor Beta

Recruitment of mural cells to the vascular wall is essential for forming the vasculature as well as maintaining proper vascular functions. In recent years, zebrafish genetic tools for mural cell biology have improved substantially. Fluorescently labeled zebrafish mural cell reporter lines enable us to study, with higher spatiotemporal resolution than ever, the processes of mural cell development from their progenitors. Furthermore, recent phenotypic analysis of platelet-derived growth factor beta mutant zebrafish revealed well-conserved organotypic mural cell development and functions in vertebrates with the unique features of zebrafish. However, comprehensive reviews of zebrafish mural cells are lacking. Therefore, herein, we highlight recent advances in zebrafish mural cell tools. We also summarize the fundamental features of zebrafish mural cell development, especially at early stages, and functions.

scholarly journals Mural Cells: Potential Therapeutic Targets to Bridge Cardiovascular Disease and Neurodegeneration

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Alexander Lin ◽  
Niridu Jude Peiris ◽  
Harkirat Dhaliwal ◽  
Maria Hakim ◽  
Weizhen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Cell Plasticity ◽  
Mural Cell ◽  
Mural Cells ◽  
Heterogenous Population

Mural cells collectively refer to the smooth muscle cells and pericytes of the vasculature. This heterogenous population of cells play a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure, distribution, and the structural integrity of the vascular wall. As such, dysfunction of mural cells can lead to the pathogenesis and progression of a number of diseases pertaining to the vascular system. Cardiovascular diseases, particularly atherosclerosis, are perhaps the most well-described mural cell-centric case. For instance, atherosclerotic plaques are most often described as being composed of a proliferative smooth muscle cap accompanied by a necrotic core. More recently, the role of dysfunctional mural cells in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, is being recognized. In this review, we begin with an exploration of the mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases, such as mural cell plasticity. Next, we highlight a selection of signaling pathways (PDGF, Notch and inflammatory signaling) that are conserved across both diseases. We propose that conserved mural cell signaling mechanisms can be exploited for the identification or development of dual-pronged therapeutics that impart both cardio- and neuroprotective qualities.

scholarly journals Aberrant mural cell recruitment to lymphatic vessels and impaired lymphatic drainage in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 119 (24) ◽  
pp. 5931-5942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Katharina Meinecke ◽  
Nadine Nagy ◽  
Gabriela D'Amico Lago ◽  
Santina Kirmse ◽  
Ralph Klose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Mural Cell ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Mural Cells ◽  
Perilymphatic Space

Abstract Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive disease with unknown etiology that is characterized by extensive remodeling of the lung parenchyma, ultimately resulting in respiratory failure. Lymphatic vessels have been implicated with the development of pulmonary fibrosis, but the role of the lymphatic vasculature in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis remains enigmatic. Here we show in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis that lymphatic vessels exhibit ectopic mural coverage and that this occurs early during the disease. The abnormal lymphatic vascular patterning in fibrotic lungs was driven by expression of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) in lymphatic endothelial cells and signaling through platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)–β in associated mural cells. Because of impaired lymphatic drainage, aberrant mural cell coverage fostered the accumulation of fibrogenic molecules and the attraction of fibroblasts to the perilymphatic space. Pharmacologic inhibition of the PDGF-B/PDGFR-β signaling axis disrupted the association of mural cells and lymphatic vessels, improved lymphatic drainage of the lung, and prevented the attraction of fibroblasts to the perilymphatic space. Our results implicate aberrant mural cell recruitment to lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and that the drainage capacity of pulmonary lymphatics is a critical mediator of fibroproliferative changes.

Recent Advances of Small Molecular Regulators Targeting G Protein- Coupled Receptors Family for Oncology Immunotherapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 1464-1483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng He ◽  
Wenbo Zhou ◽  
Mingyao Liu ◽  
Yihua Chen
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
G Protein Coupled

The great clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) and PD-1/PDL-1 inhibitor therapies suggests the drawing of a cancer immunotherapy age. However, a considerable proportion of cancer patients currently receive little benefit from these treatment modalities, indicating that multiple immunosuppressive mechanisms exist in the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we mainly discuss recent advances in small molecular regulators targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) that are associated with oncology immunomodulation, including chemokine receptors, purinergic receptors, prostaglandin E receptor EP4 and opioid receptors. Moreover, we outline how they affect tumor immunity and neoplasia by regulating immune cell recruitment and modulating tumor stromal cell biology. We also summarize the data from recent clinical advances in small molecular regulators targeting these GPCRs, in combination with immune checkpoints blockers, such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA4 inhibitors, for cancer treatments.

scholarly journals Direct interaction between Shc and the platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor.

1994 ◽  
Vol 269 (21) ◽  
pp. 15337-15343
Author(s):  
K. Yokote ◽  
S. Mori ◽  
K. Hansen ◽  
J. McGlade ◽  
T. Pawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Beta Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor Beta

Integrative analysis of the human brain mural cell transcriptome

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2110137
Author(s):  
Benjamin D Gastfriend ◽  
Koji L Foreman ◽  
Moriah E Katt ◽  
Sean P Palecek ◽  
Eric V Shusta
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Mural Cell ◽  
Mural Cells ◽  
Brain Pericytes ◽  
Mouse Species ◽  
Cell Transcriptome

Brain mural cells, including pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, are important for vascular development, blood-brain barrier function, and neurovascular coupling, but the molecular characteristics of human brain mural cells are incompletely characterized. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is increasingly being applied to assess cellular diversity in the human brain, but the scarcity of mural cells in whole brain samples has limited their molecular profiling. Here, we leverage the combined power of multiple independent human brain scRNA-seq datasets to build a transcriptomic database of human brain mural cells. We use this combined dataset to determine human-mouse species differences in mural cell transcriptomes, culture-induced dedifferentiation of human brain pericytes, and human mural cell organotypicity, with several key findings validated by RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. Together, this work improves knowledge regarding the molecular constituents of human brain mural cells, serves as a resource for hypothesis generation in understanding brain mural cell function, and will facilitate comparative evaluation of animal and in vitro models.

scholarly journals Evolution of Bioengineered Lung Models: Recent Advances and Challenges in Tissue Mimicry for Studying the Role of Mechanical Forces in Cell Biology

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (39) ◽  
pp. 1903114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Doryab ◽  
Sinem Tas ◽  
Mehmet Berat Taskin ◽  
Lin Yang ◽  
Anne Hilgendorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Recent Advances

scholarly journals Pengaruh pemberian plasma kaya trombosit dan karbonat hidroksiapatit pada proses penutupan defek tulang kepala hewan coba tikus

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Nirmalasari ◽  
Maximillian Ch. Oley ◽  
Eko Prasetyo ◽  
Mendy Hatibie ◽  
Lily L. Loho
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Platelet Derived Growth Factor ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Angiogenesis Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Abstract: Recently, platelet rich plasma has been popular and its use has begin on human in developed countries. Platelet rich plasma is defined as autologus blood with concentration of platelets three to five times above baseline level, which contains at least seven growth factors like Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Platelet Derived Angiogenesis Factor (PDAF), Platelet Derived Endothelial Growth Factor (PDEGF), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF- β), Insulin like Growth Factor (IGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The golden standard for reconstruction of cranial bone defects demonstrates osteoconduction scaffold, osteoinduction like growth factors, and osteogenesis. Alloplastic biomaterials have revolutionalized craniofacial reconstruction. Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHA) has been studied for years as implant material due to its similarity with the mineral component of bone. In this study we investigated and compare the effects of PRP and CHA on bone regeneration in rat cranial defects. This was an experimental study with a true experimental design on white male rats (Rattus norvegicus). Cranial deffects of 3 mm diameter were created in rat cranium and grafted with CHA and PRP combination, CHA alone, and control. The relationships among them were analyzed by using Mann Whitney and SPSS Statistics Program Package Version 22.0. The results showed that the experimental group of 2 weeks had no different between inflammatory reaction (P = 0.119), woven bone (P = 0.094) and lamellar bone (P = 0.130). At 4 weeks,a combination of PRP and CHA showed a superior growth of lamellar bone compared to CHA (P = 0.009). Conclusion: A combination of PRP and CHA in bone regeneration showed a histological tendency toward increased bone formation. However, future investigations should be conducted in different period times.Keywords: platelet rich plasma, carbonated hydroxyapatite, cranial defectAbstrak: Plasma kaya trombosit makin banyak digunakan dalam dunia kedokteran. Di negara maju pengunaannya sudah mulai diteliti pada manusia. Plasma kaya trombosit adalah fraksi plasma darah dengan konsentrasi platelet 3-5 kali diatas nilai normal yang mengandung sekurang-kurangnya 7 faktor pertumbuhan, diantaranya Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Platelet Derived Angiogenesis Factor (PDAF), Platelet Derived Endothelial Growth Factor (PDEGF), Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF- β), Insulin like Growth Factor (IGF), Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), dan Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) yang dapat meningkatkan proses osteogenesis. Karbonat hidroksiapatit adalah material pengganti tulang yang dapat mempercepat regenerasi jaringan tulang serta memiliki kandungan kalsium,fosfat dan karbonat yang mirip dengan tulang manusia. Tulang yang tumbuh pada awal berupa tulang muda yang memiliki serat kolagen yang tidak teratur dan banyak osteosit disebut tulang imatur. Tulang imatur kemudian akan diganti oleh tulang matur yang memiliki serabut kolagen yang teratur. Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental pada 36 hewan coba tikus putih wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Defek kalvaria pada tikus dengan diameter 3 mm diisi sesuai perlakuan: plasma kaya trombosit dengan karbonat hidroksiapatit, karbonat apatit tunggal, dan kontrol. Plasma kaya trombosit dibuat dari autologus darah tikus yang diberi perlakuan plasma kaya trombosit serta karbonat hidroksiapatit dan karbonat apatit tunggal. Data dianalisis dengan uji Mann Whitney dan diolah dengan SPSS. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan pada minggu ke-2, tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna reaksi inflamasi (P = 0,119), tulang imatur (P = 0,094), dan tulang matur (P = 0,130) diantara ketiga perlakuan. Pada minggu ke-4, tulang matur yang terbentuk lebih banyak pada perlakuan plasma kaya trombosit dan karbonat hidroksiapatit (P = 0,009). Simpulan: Pemberian plasma kaya trombosit dan karbonat hidroksiapatit dapat meningkatkan proses penutupan defek tulang kepala hewan percobaan tikus.Kata kunci : plasma kaya trombosit, karbonat hidroksiapatit, defek tulang kepala.

Recent advances in the cell biology of chlorophyll catabolism

2001 ◽  
pp. 1-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Thomas ◽  
Helen Ougham ◽  
Stefan Hörtensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Recent Advances

Dynamic changes in the subnuclear organisation of pre-mRNA splicing proteins and RBM during human germ cell development

1998 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 1255-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Elliott ◽  
K. Oghene ◽  
G. Makarov ◽  
O. Makarova ◽  
T.B. Hargreave ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Mrna Splicing ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Germ Cell Development ◽  
Nuclear Regions

RBM is a germ-cell-specific RNA-binding protein encoded by the Y chromosome in all mammals, implying an important and evolutionarily conserved (but as yet unidentified) function during male germ cell development. In order to address this function, we have developed new antibody reagents to immunolocalise RBM in the different cell types in the human testis. We find that RBM has a different expression profile from its closest homologue hnRNPG. Despite its ubiquitous expression in all transcriptionally active germ cell types, RBM has a complex and dynamic cell biology in human germ cells. The ratio of RBM distributed between punctate nuclear structures and the remainder of the nucleoplasm is dynamically modulated over the course of germ cell development. Moreover, pre-mRNA splicing components are targeted to the same punctate nuclear regions as RBM during the early stages of germ cell development but late in meiosis this spatial association breaks down. After meiosis, pre-mRNA splicing components are differentially targeted to a specific region of the nucleus. While pre-mRNA splicing components undergo profound spatial reorganisations during spermatogenesis, neither heterogeneous ribonucleoproteins nor the transcription factor Sp1 show either developmental spatial reorganisations or any specific co-localisation with RBM. These results suggest dynamic and possibly multiple functions for RBM in germ cell development.

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