scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Scope and Limitation of Ongoing and Innovative Therapies for Treating Chronic Hepatitis B

Livers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar ◽  
Mamun Al Mahtab ◽  
Osamu Yoshida ◽  
Yoichi Hiasa
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Nucleoside Analogs ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Innovative Therapies ◽  
Extended Duration ◽  
Game Changer

Millions of people of the world suffer from chronic hepatitis B (CHB), a pathological entity in which the patients are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and express hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBV DNA, as well as evidence of liver damages. Considerable numbers of CHB patients develop cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma if untreated. Two groups of drugs (interferons and nucleoside analogs) are used to treat CHB patients, but both are endowed with considerable adverse effects, increased costs, extended duration of therapy, and limited efficacy. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop new and innovative therapeutics for CHB patients, and many such drugs have been developed during the last four decades. Some of these drugs have inspired considerable optimism to be a game-changer for the treatment of CHB. Here, we first discuss why ongoing therapeutics such as interferon and nucleoside analogs could not stand the test of time. Next, we dissect the scope and limitation of evolving therapies for CHB by dissecting the cellular and molecular mechanisms of some of these innovative therapeutics.

Detection of hepatitis B virus in the cerumen of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 1065-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Eftekharian ◽  
H Moghaddasi ◽  
L Gachkar ◽  
S S A Amlashi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Test ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus Dna ◽  
B Virus

AbstractObjective:To investigate hepatitis B virus DNA in the cerumen of hepatitis B virus infected patients.Methods:This study comprised 30 confirmed cases of chronic hepatitis B. Patients' serum samples were examined for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies using enzyme immunoassay systems. The presence of hepatitis B virus DNA in cerumen was investigated using a polymerase chain reaction test.Results:All of the samples were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and negative for hepatitis B surface antibodies. Hepatitis virus DNA was detected in two cerumen samples (6.6 per cent of patients).Conclusion:Cerumen can be a potential source of transmission of hepatitis B virus.

scholarly journals Serum immunoconglutinin titers during acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 842-845
Author(s):  
G M Makhdoomi ◽  
M L Tiku ◽  
K R Beutner ◽  
P L Ogra
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Acute And Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Surface Antibody

Sera from 99 chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, 12 individuals with acute type B hepatitis, 26 hepatitis B surface antibody-seropositive subjects, and 50 hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B surface antibody-seronegative subjects were evaluated for the presence of serum imunoconglutinis (IKs). The mean serum IK titers of hepatitis B surface antibody-seropositive and hepatitis B virus-seronegative subjects wre 5.3 and 4.9, respectively. The IK titers of subjects with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infections were 215.4 and 19.1, respectively. These groups also manifested IK titers greater than or equal to > 16 significantly (P < 0.005) more often than controls did. Among chronic hepatitis B surface antigen carriers, high IK titers were associated with low levels of hepatitis B surface antigen. IK titers of individuals chronically infected with hepatitis B virus and having the rheumatoid factor were similar to those of individuals without the rheumatoid factor. Elevated IK titers represent a physiological autoimmune response and may indicate the presence of immune complexes in acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Levels Can Be Used to Rule Out Cirrhosis in Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B: Results From the SONIC-B Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan J Sonneveld ◽  
Bettina E Hansen ◽  
Willem P Brouwer ◽  
Henry L-Y Chan ◽  
Teerha Piratvisuth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hepatitis B E Antigen ◽  
Significant Fibrosis ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Rule Out

Abstract Background Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) levels correlate with the duration of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and may predict the extent of hepatic fibrosis. Methods We analyzed data from the SONIC-B database, which contains data from 8 global randomized trials and 2 large hepatology centers. Relationship between HBsAg levels and presence of significant fibrosis (Ishak 3–4) or cirrhosis (Ishak 5–6) were explored, and clinically relevant cutoffs were identified to rule out cirrhosis. Results The dataset included 2779 patients: 1866 hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive; 322 with cirrhosis. Among HBeAg-positive patients, lower HBsAg levels were associated with higher rates of significant fibrosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.419; P &lt; .001) and cirrhosis (OR, 0.435; P &lt; .001). No relationship was observed among HBeAg-negative patients. Among HBeAg-positive patients, genotype-specific HBsAg cutoffs had excellent negative predictive values (&gt;97%) and low misclassification rates (≤7.1%) and may therefore have utility in ruling out cirrhosis. Diagnostic performance of the HBsAg cutoffs was comparable among patients in whom cirrhosis could not be ruled out with fibrosis 4 (FIB-4). Conclusions Hepatitis B virus genotype-specific HBsAg cutoffs may have utility in ruling out presence of cirrhosis in HBeAg-positive patients with genotypes B, C, and D and can be an adjunct to FIB-4 to reduce the need for further testing.

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