Bioactive Hemp Clothing Modified with Cannabidiol (CBD) Cannabis sativa L. Extract

Hemp fiber variety, Bialobrzeskie, contains phenolic acids in its chemical composition giving it inherent antioxidant and antibacterial activity. The use of this raw material in fabric manufacture allows the creation of functional clothing with a positive effect on human skin. The aim of the study was to develop biologically active functional clothing made of pure industrial hemp raw materials, where cannabidiol (CBD) extract applied on the fabric surface strengthened the fiber bioactivity. The design of the clothing technology was focused on keeping the hemp inherent properties on a steady level and avoiding the use of chemicals in each stage of the value chain from plant cultivation up to garment manufacture. The research covered the evaluation of phenolic acids content and The Ferric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Power FRAP antioxidant activity of the hemp fabric. The hemp fabric enriched with CBD was used for clothing preparation. The human trials covered wearing of the clothing by 15 volunteers for six weeks and evaluation of hemp garment effect on human skin. The skin parameters were tested twice, before and after six weeks of clothing wearing, according to the own methodology that included measurements of skin biophysical properties including tests of skin moisture, transepidermal water loss, and sebum. Also, the effect of the active substances present on the fabrics on the in vitro culture of human keratinocytes was evaluated. Results of the research proved, that the wearing of developed functional hemp clothing with CBD extracts applied on the fabric surface was safe and caused improvement of skin condition, which can have an influence on slowing down of skin aging. The invention covering the pure hemp functional clothing with hybrid bioactivity resulting from the joined activity of fiber and cannabidiol was applied for a patent, Patent Application No: P.438388, 2021.

Download Full-text

The Content of Phenolic Acids and Flavonols in the Leaves of Nine Varieties of Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L.) Depending on Their Development, Grown in Central Europe

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25153473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (15) ◽

pp. 3473 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Barbara Krochmal-Marczak ◽

Tomasz Cebulak ◽

Ireneusz Kapusta ◽

Jan Oszmiański ◽

Joanna Kaszuba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sweet Potato ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Leaf Development ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Polyphenolic Compounds ◽

Raw Material ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Potato Leaf ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Sweet Potato Leaves

The aim of the study was the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the bioactive components present in the leaves of 9 sweet potato cultivars grown in the moderate climate in Poland, which were harvested at different growth stages according to the BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale (14, 51, 89). It was found that sweet potato leaves contained 7 polyphenolic compounds, including 5 chlorogenic acids—neochlorogenic acid (5-CQA), chlorogenic acid (3-CQA), 4-cryptochlorogenic acid (4-CQA), 34-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,4-CQA), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (3,5-CQA)—and 2 flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-galactoside (Q-3-GA) and quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q-3-GL). Their content depended on the genotype of the examined cultivars and on the stage of leaf development. The mean content of the identified polyphenolic compounds in the examined cultivars ranged from 148.2 to 14.038.6 mg/100 g−1 DM for the leaves harvested at growth stage 14 according to the BBCH scale. In the case of leaves harvested at BBCH stage 51, the concentration of polyphenolic compounds ranged from 144.76 to 5026.8 mg/100 g−1 DM and at BBCH stage 89 from 4078.1 to 11.183.5 mg/100 g−1 DM. The leaves of the Carmen Rubin cultivar collected at stage 14 contained the highest amount of polyphenolic compounds, while Okinava leaves had the highest amount of these compounds at stage 51. The highest content of polyphenolic compounds in leaves at BBCH growth stage 89 was found in the Radiosa variety. The highest concentration levels were found for 3-CQA at all stages of leaf development. Significant correlations between polyphenol content and antioxidant activity measured by 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) were found. The results of this experiment revealed that the growth stages and genetic properties of cultivars have a very significant influence on the content of phenolic acids and flavonols in sweet potato leaves. The results are innovative and can have a practical application, as the knowledge of the content of the substances under study makes it possible to determine the optimal management practice of sweet potato leaf harvest in order to obtain more top-quality raw material.

Download Full-text

Influence of Technological Maturity on the Secondary Metabolites of Hemp Concentrate (Cannabis sativa L.)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10061418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1418

Author(s):

Bohuslava Tremlová ◽

Hana Koudelková Mikulášková ◽

Klaudia Hajduchová ◽

Simona Jancikova ◽

Dominika Kaczorová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Content ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Optimal Period ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Total Polyphenolic Content ◽

Almost All ◽

Active Substances

During the last decade, the popularity of hemp products has been rising rapidly. Products containing cannabidiol (CBD) are of predominant interest. Traditional hemp products are frequently enriched by CBD due to their potential therapeutic effects. Cannabidiol occurs naturally in hemp juice together with other biologically active substances, such as terpenes, flavonoids, and stilbenoids. These constituents act synergistically. This study aimed to observe the influence of the hemp plant developmental stage on its chemical composition and antioxidant activity. The hemp plants were analyzed during three vegetative stages, i.e., before, during, and after flowering. The collected samples were evaluated using the following analyses: total polyphenolic content and profile, terpenoid and cannabinoid contents, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. The results revealed statistically significant differences between the samples in almost all set parameters. The optimal period for hemp harvest depends on desirable compounds, i.e., phenolic content is the highest before flowering, while the levels of cannabinoids and terpenoids are the highest during the flowering period.

Download Full-text

Intraspecific variability of yarrow (Achillea millefolium L. s.l.) in respect of developmental and chemical traits

Herba Polonica ◽

10.1515/hepo-2015-0021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 37-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Katarzyna Bączek ◽

Olga Kosakowska ◽

Jarosław L. Przybył ◽

Paula Kuźma ◽

Marcin Ejdys ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Intraspecific Variability ◽

Total Content ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Chemical Traits ◽

Developmental Traits ◽

Developmental Features

SummaryThe aim of study was to determine the variability of 20 yarrow populations introduced intoex situconditions, in respect of selected developmental traits as well as content and composition of biologically active compounds (essential oil, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids). Field experiment was established at the Experimental Station, Department of Vegetable and Medicinal Plants. Morphological observations and harvest of raw material were carried out in the second year of plant vegetation, at the beginning of blooming. Investigated populations differed significantly in respect of developmental features as well as content and composition of identified compounds. The highest differences among the populations concerned fresh mass of herb (0.46–1.79 kg per plant), number of shoots per m2(64–243) and length of the longest internode (42–158 mm). Total content of essential oil ranged from 0.10 to 1.00%. Among 24 identified compoundsβ-pinene, 1,8-cineole, terpinene-4-ol, nerolidol and chamazulene were the dominants. According to content of these compounds, three chemotypes were distinguished within investigated populations, i.e.:β-pinene,β-pinene + chamazulene and 1,8-cineole type. Content of tannins ranged from 0.38 to 0.90%. Four flavonoids were identified and apigenin 7-glucoside was present in the highest amount (from 9.87 to 475.21 mg × 100 g−1), while the highest differences between populations concerned the content of luteolin-3',7-diglucoside. Within phenolic acids, three compounds (caffeic acid derivatives) were identified. Rosmarinic acid was the dominant one (75.64–660.54 mg × 100 g−1), while cichoric acid differentiated investigated populations the most.

Download Full-text

Polyphenol characterization, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferation and anti-tyrosinase activity of cranberry pomace

Functional Foods in Health and Disease ◽

10.31989/ffhd.v6i11.292 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. 754 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vasantha Rupasinghe ◽

Sandhya V. Neir ◽

Indu Parmar

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Acids ◽

High Performance ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tyrosinase Activity ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Wide Range ◽

Anti Oxidant

Background: Cranberry pomace (CP), an underutilized by-product from juice processing, contains a wide range of biologically active compounds that can be recovered and used in a variety of applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals. Methods: In this study, analytical chemical techniques such as solvent extractions and characterization of extracts in respect with their phenolic content were performed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and spectrophotometry. Crude CP extract and its phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins–rich fractions were then evaluated for their anti-oxidant capacity, tyrosinase inhibitory activity, and anti-proliferation activity against hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Results: On a dry weight basis, the different CP fractions contained seven major anthocyanins (0.1-125 mg/g), six major phenolic acids (0.8-31 mg/g), seven flavonols (1-126 mg/g) and five flavan-3-ols (0.1-12 mg/g). Fractions rich in flavonols exhibited the most potent antioxidant capacities with ferric ion reducing antioxidant power values of 1.8-1.9 mmole/g and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging IC50 values of 15.1-15.2 mg/L respectively. On the other hand, fractions rich in phenolic acids and flavan-3-ol monomers demonstrated the most potent anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50=6.1-6.2 mg/L) and anti-proliferative activity (IC50=7.8-15.8 mg/L). Generally, all the fractions exhibited a dose-response relationship in the selected biological activity assays.Conclusion: This study suggests an effective utilization of CP to obtain biologically active fractions with potential to be used in functional foods and nutraceuticals designed for the prevention of chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress.Keywords: cranberry pomace, polyphenol, anti-tyrosinase, anti-proliferation, nutraceuticals, functional foods

Download Full-text

The Effects of Organic and Conventional Cultivation Systems on the Content of Bioactive Substances in Herbal Plants

Vegetable Crops Research Bulletin ◽

10.2478/v10032-011-0025-3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 133-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renata Kazimierczak ◽

Ewelina Hallmann ◽

Małgorzata Kazimierczyk ◽

Oliwia Sokołowska ◽

Ewa Rembiałkowska

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Organic Production ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Cultivation System ◽

Cultivation Systems ◽

Herbal Plants ◽

Analytical Research

The Effects of Organic and Conventional Cultivation Systems on the Content of Bioactive Substances in Herbal Plants Five species of herbs from organic and conventional cultivation (dropsy plant, lovage, mint, thyme and sage) were used for this experiment. The research material consisted of usable parts of fresh herbs, which were harvested in the first ten days of September 2009 and 2010. In order to avoid losses in the content of biologically active compounds in the plant material, the herbs were frozen at -80°C immediately after harvesting, and then subjected to freezedrying; finally, analytical research was conducted. The results of two-year studies indicated that herbal plants from organic production contained a higher level of dry matter, vitamin C and flavonoids, while the conventional ones contained more phenolic acids. Regardless of the cultivation system, dropsy plant and mint were distinguished by the content of phenolic acids, the highest level of flavonoids was found in thyme, while lovage was the raw material containing the most vitamin C. The qualitative analysis of phenolic compounds contained in herbs showed that the most diverse composition of phenolic acids was attributed to sage and thyme, which also contained the largest number of identified flavonoids.

Download Full-text

Comparative evaluation of antioxidant activity of Cannabis sativa L. using FRAP and CUPRAP assays

Chemija ◽

10.6001/chemija.v31i3.4289 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Asta Kubilienė ◽

Mindaugas Marksa ◽

Justė Baranauskaitė ◽

Ona Ragažinskienė ◽

Liudas Ivanauskas

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Scientific Databases ◽

The North ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽

Herb Extracts

Cannabis is one of the oldest plants on earth, which is known and used for medical purposes. There are many articles on hempseed oil research in the scientific databases, while the antioxidant activity of Cannabis sativa L. herb extracts has not been extensively studied yet, to our knowledge. In the present study, antioxidant properties of different Cannabis sativa L. varieties from different regions of Lithuania were examined. Spectrophotometric FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity) methods were used for determination. It was found that Cannabis sativa L. herb extracts possess antioxidant activity. The strongest antioxidant activity was evaluated in the Futura variety and the lowest in Manoica. The obtained results showed that a statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05) higher reductive power was determined by analysing the raw material by the spectrophotometric FRAP method. According to the hemp growth location in Lithuania, the highest TEAC values were estimated in the samples from the North region.

Download Full-text

Transformed tissue of Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis as a source of biologically active phenolic compounds with bactericidal properties

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s00253-021-11101-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 105 (3) ◽

pp. 1215-1226

Author(s):

Wojciech Makowski ◽

Aleksandra Królicka ◽

Anna Nowicka ◽

Jana Zwyrtková ◽

Barbara Tokarz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Plant Genome ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Shoot Cultures ◽

Transformed Plants ◽

Dionaea Muscipula ◽

Bactericidal Properties

Abstract The Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula J. Ellis) is a carnivorous plant able to synthesize large amounts of phenolic compounds, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and 1,4-naphtoquinones. In this study, the first genetic transformation of D. muscipula tissues is presented. Two wild-type Rhizobium rhizogenes strains (LBA 9402 and ATCC 15834) were suitable vector organisms in the transformation process. Transformation led to the formation of teratoma (transformed shoot) cultures with the bacterial rolB gene incorporated into the plant genome in a single copy. Using high-pressure liquid chromatography, we demonstrated that transgenic plants were characterized by an increased quantity of phenolic compounds, including 1,4-naphtoquinone derivative, plumbagin (up to 106.63 mg × g−1 DW), and phenolic acids (including salicylic, caffeic, and ellagic acid), in comparison to non-transformed plants. Moreover, Rhizobium-mediated transformation highly increased the bactericidal properties of teratoma-derived extracts. The antibacterial properties of transformed plants were increased up to 33% against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and Escherichia coli and up to 7% against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For the first time, we prove the possibility of D. muscipula transformation. Moreover, we propose that transformation may be a valuable tool for enhancing secondary metabolite production in D. muscipula tissue and to increase bactericidal properties against human antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Key points • Rhizobium-mediated transformation created Dionaea muscipula teratomas. • Transformed plants had highly increased synthesis of phenolic compounds. • The MBC value was connected with plumbagin and phenolic acid concentrations.

Download Full-text

Cannabis sativa L. as a Natural Drug Meeting the Criteria of a Multitarget Approach to Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22020778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 778

Author(s):

Anna Stasiłowicz ◽

Anna Tomala ◽

Irma Podolak ◽

Judyta Cielecka-Piontek

Keyword(s):

Pharmacological Activity ◽

Transient Receptor Potential ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Endocannabinoid System ◽

Receptor Potential ◽

Transient Receptor Potential Channels ◽

Raw Material ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Cannabis sativa L. turned out to be a valuable source of chemical compounds of various structures, showing pharmacological activity. The most important groups of compounds include phytocannabinoids and terpenes. The pharmacological activity of Cannabis (in epilepsy, sclerosis multiplex (SM), vomiting and nausea, pain, appetite loss, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Parkinson’s disease, Tourette’s syndrome, schizophrenia, glaucoma, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)), which has been proven so far, results from the affinity of these compounds predominantly for the receptors of the endocannabinoid system (the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), type two (CB2), and the G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55)) but, also, for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), glycine receptors, serotonin receptors (5-HT), transient receptor potential channels (TRP), and GPR, opioid receptors. The synergism of action of phytochemicals present in Cannabis sp. raw material is also expressed in their increased bioavailability and penetration through the blood–brain barrier. This review provides an overview of phytochemistry and pharmacology of compounds present in Cannabis extracts in the context of the current knowledge about their synergistic actions and the implications of clinical use in the treatment of selected diseases.

Download Full-text

Brewing By-Product Upcycling Potential: Nutritionally Valuable Compounds and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10020165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Elisabetta Bravi ◽

Giovanni De Francesco ◽

Valeria Sileoni ◽

Giuseppe Perretti ◽

Fernanda Galgano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Liquid Waste ◽

Value Added ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Brewing Industry ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Spent Grains ◽

By Products

The brewing industry produces high quantities of solid and liquid waste, causing disposal issues. Brewing spent grains (BSGs) and brewing spent hop (BSH) are important by-products of the brewing industry and possess a high-value chemical composition. In this study, BSG and BSH, obtained from the production process of two different types of ale beer (Imperial red and Belgian strong beer) were characterized in terms of valuable components, including proteins, carbohydrates, fat, dietary fiber, β-glucans, arabinoxylans, polyphenols, and phenolic acids, and antioxidant activity (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP), 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)). Significant concentrations of total polyphenols were observed in both BSH and BSG samples (average of about 10 mg GAE/g of dry mass); however, about 1.5-fold higher levels were detected in by-products of Belgian strong ale beer compared with Imperial red. Free and bound phenolic acids were quantified using a validated chromatographic method. A much higher level of total phenolic acids (TPA) (about 16-fold higher) was found in BSG samples compared with BSHs. Finally, their antioxidant potential was verified. By-products of Belgian strong ale beer, both BSG and BSH, showed significantly higher antioxidative capacity (about 1.5-fold lower inhibitory concentration (IC50) values) compared with spent grains and hop from the brewing of Imperial red ale. In summary, BSG and BSH may be considered rich sources of protein, carbohydrates, fiber, and antioxidant compounds (polyphenols), and have the potential to be upcycled by transformation into value-added products.

Download Full-text

Technological aspects of alcohol distillates production from non-traditional sugar-raw materials

FOOD RESOURCES ◽

10.31073/foodresources2021-16-09 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (16) ◽

pp. 90-97

Author(s):

Kateryna Danilova ◽

◽

Oksana Zavarzina ◽

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Growth Substances ◽

Technological Properties ◽

Actual Problem ◽

Cane Molasses ◽

Yeast Biomass ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

An actual problem of the alcohol industry development is the expansion of the raw material base through the use of new, cheaper types of carbohydrate sources. Recently, glucose-fructose syrup has been of increasing interest to producers of ethanol. Among the producers of craft drinks, in particular rum-based drinks, cane molasses is in increasing demand. The article presents the technological aspects of the fermentation process of nonconventional sugar-containing raw materials on the example of glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses in ethanol by different yeast strains. It is determined that glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses are raw materials depleted of nitrogen, phosphorus and growth substances necessary for the yeast activity. To improve the technological properties of raw materials in the molasses, nitrogen, phosphorus nutrition and corn extract as a growth substance shall be added to a mash. Glucose-fructose syrup is of pH 3.68 and of acidity 0.12, which negatively affects the fermentation. It is established that in order to create optimal living conditions for yeast, it is necessary to add substances to the glucose-fructose syrup that will contribute to the safety of development and prevent the pH 3.5. It was determined that the alcohol yield from 1 ton of glucose-fructose syrup is 31.0 dal, from 1 ton of cane molasses is 24.0 dal on the yeast 46ED and 22 dal on the TegaYeast without the use of growth substances and vitamins necessary for the reproduction of yeast biomass. Under conditions of improving the technological properties of the mash from the glucose-fructose syrup and cane molasses by adding biologically active substances promoting the synthesis of yeast biomass, the ethanol content in the fermented mashes increases up to 11.9 12% vol.

Download Full-text