Enhanced Cellular Cryopreservation by Biopolymer-Associated Suppression of RhoA/ROCK Signaling Pathway

With increasing demands on long-term storage of cells, cryopreservation of cells is gaining more importance in cell-based research and applications. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a commonly used chemical cryoprotectant, providing increased cell survival during the freezing process. However, its use is limited in clinical applications due to its low biocompatibility above cryogenic temperatures. Herein, we present a new approach for reducing the use of DMSO in cryopreservation by using biodegradable hyaluronic acids (HAs). By adding HAs into cryoprotectant media containing a low concentration of DMSO, higher cell viability and cell proliferation rate were observed upon thawing after cryopreservation. The HA-supplemented cryopreservation media did not reduce the size of the ice crystal, which significantly influenced cell viability during cell freezing, but decreased the Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)/Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway related to apoptosis. The cell-interactive cryoprotectants containing HA can be applied to the development of a new cryoprotectant that reduces the adverse effect of DMSO.