scholarly journals Waste Aluminum Application as Energy Valorization for Hydrogen Fuel Cells for Mobile Low Power Machines Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7323
Author(s):  
Xavier Salueña-Berna ◽  
Marc Marín-Genescà ◽  
Lluís Massagués Vidal ◽  
José M. Dagà-Monmany

This article proposes a new model of power supply for mobile low power machines applications, between 10 W and 30 W, such as radio-controlled (RC) electric cars. This power supply is based on general hydrogen from residual aluminum and water with NaOH, so it is proposed energy valorization of aluminum waste. In the present research, a theoretical model allows us to predict the requested aluminum surface and the required flow of hydrogen has been developed, also considering, in addition to the geometry and purity of the material, two key variables as the temperature and the molarity of the alkaline solution used in the hydrogen production process. Focusing on hydrogen production, isopropyl alcohol plays a key role in the reactor’s fuel cell vehicle as it filters out NaOH particles and maintains a constant flow of hydrogen for the operation of the machine, keeping the reactor temperature controlled. Finally, a comparison of the theoretical and experimental data has been used to validate the developed model using aluminum sheets from ring cans to generate hydrogen, which will be used as a source of hydrogen in a power fuel cell of an RC car. Finally, the manuscript shows the parts of the vehicle’s powertrain, its behavior, and mode of operation.

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 4423-4431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Roses ◽  
Giampaolo Manzolini ◽  
Stefano Campanari ◽  
Ellart De Wit ◽  
Michael Walter

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Khzouz ◽  
Evangelos Gkanas ◽  
Jia Shao ◽  
Farooq Sher ◽  
Dmytro Beherskyi ◽  
...  

This work investigates life cycle costing analysis as a tool to estimate the cost of hydrogen to be used as fuel for Hydrogen Fuel Cell vehicles (HFCVs). The method of life cycle costing and economic data are considered to estimate the cost of hydrogen for centralised and decentralised production processes. In the current study, two major hydrogen production methods are considered, methane reforming and water electrolysis. The costing frameworks are defined for hydrogen production, transportation and final application. The results show that hydrogen production via centralised methane reforming is financially viable for future transport applications. The ownership cost of HFCVs shows the highest cost among other costs of life cycle analysis.


2012 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 606-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Symes ◽  
Bushra Al-Duri ◽  
Aman Dhir ◽  
Waldemar Bujalski ◽  
Ben Green ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 505-510
Author(s):  
Chao Wu ◽  
Wei Ming Liang ◽  
Xu Nian Lai ◽  
Fen Liu

The paper introduces the test process of the initialization time of the control unit of Fuel cell vehicle (FCV), including connecting to the high-voltage power supply speedily, connecting to the high-voltage power supply with normal steps, and correspondent vehicle testing and hardware in the loop (HIL) bench testing. By analyzing the hard-wired signal such as key location data from data collection device and by analyzing vehicle CAN signal, the test obtained the general initialization time of each control unit and their correspondent systems, and the time needed for speedy connection to high-voltage power supply, and sorted out the determining negative factor of speedy high-voltage connection. This test could obtain implicit system parameters, which might be referred to when improving vehicle properties.


Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7945
Author(s):  
Guido Ala ◽  
Ilhami Colak ◽  
Gabriella Di Filippo ◽  
Rosario Miceli ◽  
Pietro Romano ◽  
...  

In recent years, the growing concern for air quality has led to the development of sustainable vehicles to replace conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Currently, the most widespread technology in Europe and Portugal is that of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) or plug-in HEV (PHEV) electric cars, but hydrogen-based transport has also shown significant growth in the commercialization of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) and in the development of new infrastructural schemes. In the current panorama of EV, particular attention should be paid to hydrogen technology, i.e., FCEVs, which is potentially a valid alternative to BEVs and can also be hybrid (FCHEV) and plug-in hybrid (FCPHEV). Several sources cited show a positive trend of hydrogen in the transport sector, identifying a growing trend in the expansion of hydrogen infrastructure, although at this time, it is still at an early stage of development. At the moment, the cost of building the infrastructure is still high, but on the basis of medium/long-term scenarios it is clear that investments in hydrogen refueling stations will be profitable if the number of Fuel Cell vehicles increases. Conversely, the Fuel Cell vehicle market is hampered if there is no adequate infrastructure for hydrogen development. The opportunity to use Fuel Cells to store electrical energy is quite fascinating and bypasses some obstacles encountered with BEVs. The advantages are clear, since the charging times are reduced, compared to charging from an electric charging post, and the long-distance voyage is made easier, as the autonomy is much larger, i.e., the psycho-sociological anxiety is avoided. Therefore, the first part of the paper provides an overview of the current state of electric mobility in Portugal and the strategies adopted by the country. This is necessary to have a clear vision of how a new technology is accepted by the population and develops on the territory, that is the propensity of citizens to technological change. Subsequently, using current data on EV development and comparing information from recent years, this work aims to investigate the future prospects of FCEVs in Portugal by adopting a dynamic model called SERA (Scenario Evaluation and Regionalization Analysis), with which it is possible to identify the Portuguese districts and cities where an FC charging infrastructure is expected to be most beneficial. From the results obtained, the districts of Lisbon, Porto and Aveiro seem to be the most interested in adopting FC technology. This analysis aims to ensure a measured view of the credible development of this market segment.


1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (15) ◽  
pp. 1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.E. Larson ◽  
M.M. Matloubian ◽  
J.J. Brown ◽  
A.S. Brown ◽  
M. Thompson ◽  
...  

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Zhemin Du ◽  
Congmin Liu ◽  
Junxiang Zhai ◽  
Xiuying Guo ◽  
Yalin Xiong ◽  
...  

Nowadays, we face a series of global challenges, including the growing depletion of fossil energy, environmental pollution, and global warming. The replacement of coal, petroleum, and natural gas by secondary energy resources is vital for sustainable development. Hydrogen (H2) energy is considered the ultimate energy in the 21st century because of its diverse sources, cleanliness, low carbon emission, flexibility, and high efficiency. H2 fuel cell vehicles are commonly the end-point application of H2 energy. Owing to their zero carbon emission, they are gradually replacing traditional vehicles powered by fossil fuel. As the H2 fuel cell vehicle industry rapidly develops, H2 fuel supply, especially H2 quality, attracts increasing attention. Compared with H2 for industrial use, the H2 purity requirements for fuel cells are not high. Still, the impurity content is strictly controlled since even a low amount of some impurities may irreversibly damage fuel cells’ performance and running life. This paper reviews different versions of current standards concerning H2 for fuel cell vehicles in China and abroad. Furthermore, we analyze the causes and developing trends for the changes in these standards in detail. On the other hand, according to characteristics of H2 for fuel cell vehicles, standard H2 purification technologies, such as pressure swing adsorption (PSA), membrane separation and metal hydride separation, were analyzed, and the latest research progress was reviewed.


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