Treatment of Wastewater Containing Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Using Activated Carbon Material

This study presents an adsorbent material (activated carbon) used in the treatment of wastewater with the role of removing ibuprofen, acetaminophen, diclofenac and ketoprofen pollutants. The wastewater treatment efficiencies of the activated carbon were systematically investigated using adsorption kinetics. The parameters studied were: pH (4 and 6 values of pH), initial concentration of wastewater (1, 5, and 10 mg/L), contact time (10 min), adsorbent quantity (0.1, 0.5, and 1 g), and isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich). The highest wastewater treatment efficiency was obtained at the 6 pH value. The determination of four anti-inflammatory drugs, frequently monitored in wastewater, was performed by a simple and fast method using the HPLC-technique-type DAD (diode array detector). The method was linear when the concentration ranged between 0.5 and 20 m/L for all compounds. The equilibrium concentration was obtained after 8 min. The octanol/water coefficient influenced the removal efficiency of the four drugs by the adsorbent material (activated carbon). The dose of activated carbon (0.1 to 1 g) significantly influenced the efficiency of wastewater treatment, which increased considerably when the dose of the adsorbent material increased. Using 1 g of the adsorbent material for the treatment of wastewater containing 1 mg/L initial concentration of pollutant compounds, the efficiencies were 98% for acetaminophen, 92% for diclofenac, 88% for ketoprofen and 96% for ibuprofen.

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Nanoparticle Fe3O4 magnetized activated carbon from Armeniaca sibirica shell for the adsorption of Hg(II) ions

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.3.6100-6120 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 6100-6120

Author(s):

Yinan Hao ◽

Yanfei Pan ◽

Qingwei Du ◽

Xudong Li ◽

Ximing Wang

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Adsorption Capacity ◽

Ph Value ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Freundlich Isotherm ◽

Entropy Change ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Order Kinetic ◽

Adsorption Parameters ◽

Initial Concentration

Armeniaca sibirica shell activated carbon (ASSAC) magnetized by nanoparticle Fe3O4 prepared from Armeniaca sibirica shell was investigated to determine its adsorption for Hg2+ from wastewater. Fe3O4/ASSAC was characterized using XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller). Optimum adsorption parameters were determined based on the initial concentration of Hg2+, reaction time, reaction temperature, and pH value in adsorption studies. The experiment results demonstrated that the specific surface area of ASSAC decreased after magnetization; however the adsorption capacity and removal rate of Hg2+ increased 0.656 mg/g and 0.630%, respectively. When the initial concentration of Hg2+ solution was 250 mg/L and the pH value was 2, the adsorption time was 180 min and the temperature was 30 °C, and with the Fe3O4/ASSAC at 0.05 g, the adsorption reaching 97.1 mg/g, and the removal efficiency was 99.6%. The adsorption capacity of Fe3O4/ASSAC to Hg2+ was in accord with Freundlich isotherm models, and a pseudo-second-order kinetic equation was used to fit the adsorption best. The Gibbs free energy ΔGo < 0，enthalpy change ΔHo < 0, and entropy change ΔSo < 0 which manifested the adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process.

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Ordered Mesoporous Carbons for Adsorption of Paracetamol and Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Ibuprofen and Naproxen from Aqueous Solutions

Water ◽

10.3390/w11051099 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1099 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katarzyna Jedynak ◽

Beata Szczepanik ◽

Nina Rędzia ◽

Piotr Słomkiewicz ◽

Anna Kolbus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Contact Time ◽

Theoretical Calculations ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Mesoporous Carbons ◽

Ordered Mesoporous Carbons ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Ordered Mesoporous ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

The adsorption of paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen and naproxen) on ordered mesoporous carbons (OMC) and, for comparison, on commercial activated carbon, were investigated in this work. OMC adsorbents were obtained by the soft-templating method and were characterized by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of contact time and initial concentration of organic adsorbates on the adsorption were studied. The contact time to reach equilibrium for maximum adsorption was 360 min for all the studied adsorbates. The adsorption mechanism was found to fit pseudo-second-order and intra particle-diffusion models. Freundlich, Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm models were used to analyze equilibrium adsorption data. Based on the obtained experimental data, the adsorption isotherm in the applied concentration range for all the studied adsorbates was well represented by the Freundlich-Langmuir model. The adsorption ability of ordered mesoporous carbon materials was much higher for paracetamol and naproxen in comparison to commercial activated carbon. The removal efficiency for ibuprofen was significantly lower than for other studied pharmaceuticals and comparable for all adsorbents. Theoretical calculations made it possible to obtain optimized chemical structures of (S)-naproxen, ibuprofen, and paracetamol molecules. Knowledge of charge distributions of these adsorbate molecules can be helpful to explain why paracetamol and naproxen can react more strongly with the surface of adsorbents with a large numbers of acidic groups compared to ibuprofen facilitating more efficient adsorption of these pharmaceuticals on ordered mesoporous carbons.

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Sludge Removal of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs during Wastewater Treatment Studied by Direct Hollow Fiber Liquid Phase Microextraction

Journal of Environmental Protection ◽

10.4236/jep.2013.49109 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 04 (09) ◽

pp. 946-955 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Estelle Larsson ◽

Ayman Rabayah ◽

Jan Åke Jönsson

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Liquid Phase ◽

Hollow Fiber ◽

Liquid Phase Microextraction ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Adsorption Performance Study of Atrazine onto Activated Carbon Fiber

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.1343 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 807-809 ◽

pp. 1343-1346

Author(s):

Yi Fan Li ◽

Ying Liu ◽

Hou Qi Liu ◽

Li Li

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Carbon Fiber ◽

Ph Value ◽

Activated Carbon Fiber ◽

Adsorption Rate ◽

Solution Temperature ◽

Performance Study ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Adsorption Condition ◽

Optimum Ph

The research used activated carbon fiber (ACF) as adsorbent to remove atrazine, a kind of herbicide. It set a series of static adsorption experiments under different solution temperature, pH value and initial concentration to get a optimum adsorption condition. The experiment shows that the optimum pH for the removal of atrazine is 7. The adsorption rate is highest at 20°C. The adsorption rate decreases while the initial concentration increases.

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Waste phenolic resin derived activated carbon by microwave-assisted KOH activation and application to dye wastewater treatment

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2019-0008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 408-415 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wenhai Hu ◽

Song Cheng ◽

Hongying Xia ◽

Libo Zhang ◽

Xin Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Surface Area ◽

Adsorption Isotherms ◽

Phenolic Resin ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Koh Activation ◽

Activation Process ◽

Dye Wastewater

Abstract The waste phenolic resin was utilized as the raw material to prepare activated carbon (AC) used KOH as the activating agent via microwave heating. The phenolic resin was carbonized at 500°C and then performed with a KOH/Char ratio of 4 and microwave power of 700 W for a duration of 15 min. The physic-chemical characteristics of the AC were characterized by N2 adsorption instrument, FTIR, SEM and TEM. The BET surface area and pore volume of AC were found to be 4269 m2/g and 2.396 ml/g, respectively. The activation process to generate such a phenomenally high surface area of the AC has little reported in open literatures and could pave way for preparation adsorbents that are far superior to the currently marketed adsorbents. The methylene blue (MB) was used as the model to assess its suitability to dye wastewater treatment. Towards this, the MB adsorption isotherms were conducted at three different temperatures and tested with different adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption isotherms could be modeled using Langmuir isotherm. While the kinetics could be used the pseudo-second order kinetics to describe. Thermodynamic results demonstrated that the adsorption process was a spontaneous, as well as an endothermic.

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The role of activated carbon and disinfection on the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from wastewater

Environmental Technology ◽

10.1080/09593330.2013.846923 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 698-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Constantinos Noutsopoulos ◽

Daniel Mamais ◽

Thanasis Mpouras ◽

Despina Kokkinidou ◽

Vasilios Samaras ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Endocrine Disrupting ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Experimental Study on the Modification of Granular Activated Carbon by Potassium Permanganate to Adsorb Cu2+ in the Water

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2453 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 955-959 ◽

pp. 2453-2457

Author(s):

Hui Yang ◽

Meng Zhao ◽

Ji Gang Yang ◽

Xin Chai ◽

Yue Xu

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Potassium Permanganate ◽

Ph Value ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Solution Concentration ◽

Test Methods ◽

Adsorption Time ◽

Potassium Permanganate Solution ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Main Factors

This document studies test methods on modification of activated carbon by potassium permanganate to adsorb Cu2+. Ensure all factors’ effects on Cu2+ removal. Use potassium permanganate solution to modify activated carbon, investigate main factors’ effects on Cu2+ removal and analyze mechanism by changing potassium permanganate solution concentration, adsorption time, activated carbon’s additive amount and temperature. The results show that modification of activated carbon by 0.03mol/L potassium permanganate solution (0.03K-GAC) can adsorb Cu2+ best. 0.03K-GAC’s removal rate on Cu2+ is 98% when the initial concentration of Cu2+ is 50mg/L, the additive amount of 0.03K-GAC is 2.0g, the pH value is 5.5, the temperature is 25°C and the adsorption time is 4h. Modification of activated carbon by potassium permanganate has good adsorbability on Cu2+. Potassium permanganate solution concentration, adsorption time and additive amount can influence the adsorption of Cu2+ by activated carbon. However, temperature’s influence on the effect of adsorption is non-significant.

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Acid Light Yellow Removal from Wastewater Using Peanut Shell-Based Activated Carbon

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.1694 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 864-867 ◽

pp. 1694-1698 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lin Zhi Zhai ◽

Gang Li

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Dye Removal ◽

Ph Value ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Dye Wastewater ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Activation Time ◽

Activation Temperature ◽

Light Yellow

Peanut shell-based activated carbon was prepared by 60% zinc chloride activation. The activation temperature was 923K and activation time was 90min. The activated carbon was applied on the removal of acid light yellow from wastewater. The effects of the amount of adsorbent, the initial dye concentration and pH value of solution were investigated. The results showed that the optimum conditions for dye removal: activated carbon dosage of 2.5g/L, initial dye concentration of 50mg/L, pH value of 3. The color removal efficiency attained above 95%. It is concluded that activated carbon developed from peanut shell could be effective and practical for utilizing in dye wastewater treatment.

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Nutraceutical Properties of Mulberries Grown in Southern Italy (Apulia)

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8070223 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 223 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Carmine Negro ◽

Alessio Aprile ◽

Luigi De Bellis ◽

Antonio Miceli

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Morus Alba ◽

Array Detector ◽

Morus Nigra ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mulberry Fruits ◽

First Time ◽

Gallic Acid Equivalent

In this work, for the first time, were analyzed mulberry genotypes grown in Apulia (Southern Italy, Salento region) were analyzed. Two local varieties of Morus alba (cv. Legittimo nero and cv. Nello) and one of Morus nigra were characterized for content in simple sugars, organic acids, phenols, anthocyanins; fruit antioxidant activity (AA) was also evaluated by three different methods (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH; 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS; and Ferric reducing antioxidant potential, FRAP test). The results showed that the sugars amount ranged between 6.29 and 7.66 g/100 g fresh weight (FW) while the malic and citric acids content was low, at about 0.1–1 g/100 g FW. Mulberries are a good source of phenols which are present in higher values in M. nigra and M. alba cv. Legittimo nero (485 and 424 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/ 100 g FW, respectively). The high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/mass spectrometry (HPLC/DAD/MS) analysis identified 5 main anthocyanin compounds present in different concentrations in each variety of mulberry: cyanidin 3-sophoroside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-rutinoside. The highest concentration of anthocyanins was determined in Morus alba Legittimo (about 300 mg/100 g FW) while the lowest content (about 25 mg/100 g FW) was measured in M. alba cv. Nello. Morus nigra showed a good AA in comparison with the different M. alba genotypes with all the used methods; its AA was equal to 33, 26 and 21 μmols Trolox/g FW when using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP tests, respectively. All genotypes showed an anti-inflammatory activity (measured by cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory assay) which was also compared with two commercial anti-inflammatory drugs. The data obtained support the high biological qualities of mulberry fruits and their diffusion in human nutrition.

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