scholarly journals Developing a Combined Method for Detection of Buried Metal Objects

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Bryakin ◽  
Igor V. Bochkarev ◽  
Vadim R. Khramshin ◽  
Ekaterina A. Khramshina
Keyword(s):  
Input Signal ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Voltage Amplitude ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
Signal Component ◽  
Buried Objects ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Computational Procedures

This paper discusses the author-developed novel method for the detection of buried metal objects that combines two basic subsurface sensing methods: one based on changes in the electromagnetic field parameters as induced by the inner or surficial impedance of the medium when affected by a propagating magnetic field; and one based on changes in the input impedance of the receiver as induced by the electromagnetic properties of the probed medium. The proposed method utilizes three instrumentation channels: two primary channels come from the ferrite magnetic antenna (the receiver), where the first channel is used to measure the current voltage amplitude of the active input signal component, while the second channel measures the current voltage amplitude of the reactive input signal component; an additional (secondary) channel comes from the emitting frame antenna (the transmitter) to measure the current amplitude of the exciting current. This data redundancy proves to significantly improve the reliability and accuracy of detecting buried metal objects. Implementation of the computational procedures for the proposed method helped to detect and identify buried objects by their specific electrical conductance and magnetic permeability, while also locating them depth-wise. The research team has designed an induction probe that contains two mutually orthogonal antennas (a frame transmitter and ferrite receiver); the authors herein propose a metal detector design that implements the proposed induction sensing method. Experimental research proved the developed combined method for searching for buried metal objects efficient and well-performing.

scholarly journals Analysis of the electrical transport, conductivity and dielectric relaxation behavior of La0.75 Ba0.10 Sr0.15 Fe O2.875-δ (δ = 0.375 and 0.50) brownmillerite oxides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariem Bouzayen ◽  
Radhia Dhahri ◽  
Meriem Saadi ◽  
Slaheddine Chaabouni ◽  
Kamel Khirouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Oxygen Vacancies ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Dielectric Measurements ◽  
Low Dielectric ◽  
Semiconducting Properties ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract The topotactic reduction of La0.75Ba0.10Sr0.15FeO2.875 with titanium metal leads to a new isostructural material of the composition La0.75Ba0.10Sr0.15FeO2.875−δ (δ = 0.375 and 0.50). XRD analysis of phases confirms that the obtained compound adopts a brownmillerite-type structure. A slight distorted monoclinic P2/m was found to describe the crystal structure. The transport properties have been investigated by current–voltage (I–V). The electric and dielectric measurements were carried out covering a wide range of temperature (300–600 K). Our materials display semiconducting properties as well as mixed ionic and electronic conductivity. At high temperatures, the activation energy values proved to be around 907 − 630 meV, which refers basically to oxygen vacancies conduction. The analysis of dielectric properties and dielectric losses (ε’, tanδ) of both compounds vs temperature at different frequencies demonstrates two relaxer attitudes. A low dielectric loss and low electrical conductance were displayed. Relying upon these values, these materials stand for perfect candidates for micro-electronics devices.

scholarly journals Simulation and Comparison of Current Voltage Characteristics of Si and Ge based Bio Field Effect Transistor by Varying Oxide Thickness to Get Better Sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1066-1083
Author(s):  
S. Layasree
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect Transistor ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Oxide Thickness ◽  
Simulation Environment ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Gate Oxide Thickness ◽  
Maximum Conductivity ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Silicon Based

Aim: The current voltage characteristics of Silicon based BIOFET and Germanium based BIOFET are simulated by varying their oxide thickness ranging from 1nm to 100nm. Materials and Methods: The electrical conductance of Silicon based BIOFET (n=320) was compared with Germanium based BIOFET (n=320) by varying oxide thickness ranging from 1nm to 100nm in the NanoHub© tool simulation environment. Results: Germanium based BIOFET has significantly higher conductance than Silicon based BIOFET. The optimal gate oxide thickness for maximum conductivity was 1nm for Silicon based BIOFET and 35nm for Germanium based BIOFET. Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, Germanium based BIOFET with oxide thickness of 35nm offers the best conductivity.

scholarly journals Моды разряда пеннинговского ионного источника при импульсном и стационарном режиме питания

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1367
Author(s):  
Н.В. Мамедов ◽  
С.П. Масленников ◽  
Ю.К. Пресняков ◽  
А.А. Солодовников ◽  
Д.И. Юрков
Keyword(s):  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Pulse Repetition Rate ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Pulsed Power ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Voltage Amplitude ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Current Voltage Characteristics ◽  
Anode Pulse ◽  
Source Operation

AbstractWe have analyzed the pressure dependences of the discharge and extracted currents for a Penning ion source (PIS) for continuous and pulsed power supplies. We have investigated the effect of voltage amplitude at the PIS anode, pulse repetition rate, and pulse duration on PIS amplitude–time and current–voltage characteristics. The ion source operation regimes and corresponding gas pressure ranges in which different modes of Penning discharge are realized have been determined.

Graphene-Based Gas Sensor Theoretical Framework

2017 ◽  
pp. 117-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Akbari ◽  
Aria Enzevaee ◽  
Hediyeh Karimi ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi ◽  
Zolkafle Buntat
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Model ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Sensor Models ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Different Gases ◽  
Special Case

Both graphene and CNTs experience changes in their electrical conductance when exposed to different gases (such as CO2, NO2, and NH3), and they are, therefore, ideal candidates for sensing/measuring applications. In this research, a set of novel gas sensor models employing Field Effect Transistor structure using these materials have been proposed. In the suggested models, different physical properties such as conductance, capacitance, drift velocity, carrier concentration, and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of graphene/CNTs have been employed to model the sensing mechanism. An Artificial Neural Network model has also been developed for the special case of a CNT gas sensor exposed to NH3 to provide a platform to check the accuracy of the models. The performance of the models has been compared with published experimental data which shows a satisfactory agreement.

GAS Sensor Modelling and Simulation

2017 ◽  
pp. 70-116
Author(s):  
Elnaz Akbari ◽  
Zolkafle Buntat ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ahmadi ◽  
Hediyeh Karimi ◽  
Mohsen Khaledian
Keyword(s):  
Gas Sensor ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Model ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Sensor Models ◽  
Effect Transistor ◽  
Sensor Modelling ◽  
Different Gases ◽  
Special Case

Both graphene and CNTs experience changes in their electrical conductance when exposed to different gases (such as CO2, NO2, and NH3), and they are, therefore, ideal candidates for sensing/measuring applications. In this research, a set of novel gas sensor models employing Field Effect Transistor structure using these materials have been proposed. In the suggested models, different physical properties such as conductance, capacitance, drift velocity, carrier concentration, and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of graphene/CNTs have been employed to model the sensing mechanism. An Artificial Neural Network model has also been developed for the special case of a CNT gas sensor exposed to NH3 to provide a platform to check the accuracy of the models. The performance of the models has been compared with published experimental data which shows a satisfactory agreement.

scholarly journals Characterization of Electromagnetic Properties of In Situ Soils for the Design of Landmine Detection Sensors: Application in Donbass, Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Bechtel ◽  
Stanislav Truskavetsky ◽  
Gennadiy Pochanin ◽  
Lorenzo Capineri ◽  
Alexander Sherstyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Dielectric Permittivity ◽  
Magnetic Permeability ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Signal Frequency ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Detector Performance ◽  
Metal Detector

To design holographic and impulse ground penetrating radar (GPR) sensors suitable for humanitarian de-mining in the Donbass (Ukraine) conflict zone, we measured critical electromagnetic parameters of typical local soils using simple methods that could be adapted to any geologic setting. Measurements were recorded along six profiles, each crossing at least two mapped soil types. The parameters selected to evaluate GPR and metal detector sensor performance were magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity, and dielectric permittivity. Magnetic permeability measurements indicated that local soils would be conducive to metal detector performance. Electrical conductivity measurements indicated that local soils would be medium to high loss materials for GPR. Calculation of the expected attenuation as a function of signal frequency suggested that 1 GHz may have optimized the trade-off between resolution and penetration and matched the impulse GPR system power budget. Dielectric permittivity was measured using both time domain reflectometry and impulse GPR. For the latter, a calibration procedure based on an in-situ measurement of reflection coefficient was proposed and the data were analyzed to show that soil conditions were suitable for the reliable use of impulse GPR. A distinct difference between the results of these two suggested a dry (low dielectric) soil surface, grading downward into more moist (higher dielectric) soils. This gradation may provide a matching layer to reduce ground surface reflections that often obscure shallow subsurface targets. In addition, the relatively high dielectric deeper (10 cm–20 cm) subsurface soils should provide a strong contrast with plastic-cased mines.

Facet Topography and Dislocation Structure as a Possible Source for Electrical Heterogeneity in [001] TILT Bicrystals of YBa2Cu3O7-δ

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 338-339
Author(s):  
I-Fei Tsu ◽  
D.L. Kaiser ◽  
S.E. Babcock
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Critical Current Density ◽  
Critical Current ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Electromagnetic Properties ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Applied Fields ◽  
A Current

A current theme in the study of the critical current density behavior of YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) grain boundaries is that their electromagnetic properties are heterogeneous on various length scales ranging from 10s of microns to ˜ 1 Å. Recently, combined electromagnetic and TEM studies on four flux-grown bicrystals have demonstrated a direct correlation between the length scale of the boundaries’ saw-tooth facet configurations and the apparent length scale of the electrical heterogeneity. In that work, enhanced critical current densities are observed at applied fields where the facet period is commensurate with the spacing of the Abrikosov flux vortices which must be pinned if higher critical current density values are recorded. To understand the microstructural origin of the flux pinning, the grain boundary topography and grain boundary dislocation (GBD) network structure of [001] tilt YBCO bicrystals were studied by TEM and HRTEM.

The Assessment of Fear of Flying: Elaboration and Validation of a Videotape as an Analogous Situation of a Flight1

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan I. Capafóns ◽  
Carmen D. Sosa ◽  
Manuel Herrero ◽  
Conrado Viña
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Subjective Measure ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
Fear Of Flying ◽  
Situational Anxiety ◽  
Treatment Measures

The results are presented for the validation of a videotape as an analogous situation for a flight. The video includes the most significant elements of a flight by air: confirmation of the flight, packing, going to the airport, checking-in, going through the metal-detector, departure lounge, boarding the plane, demonstration of the personal safety drills, interiors and exteriors during the flight and landing. Two physiological measures are used for validation (heart rate and temperature) and a subjective measure (situational anxiety, SA). The results (both t-tests and the discriminant analysis) indicate that the videotape is able to discriminate between phobics and non-phobics of flying in the three variables considered. With respect to sensitivity in detecting change produced by various treatments in clients with phobia of flying, the results are also satisfactory. A greater differentiation is produced between the pre-post treatment measures, both in subjective and in the physiological measures.

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