scholarly journals Soft Neutrosophic Modules

Mathematics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikail Bal ◽  
Necati Olgun
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Soft Sets ◽  
Module Homomorphism ◽  
First Time

In this study, for the first time, we study some basic definitions of soft neutrosophic modules in algebra being generalized and its several related properties, structural characteristics are investigated with suitable examples. In this paper, we utilized neutrosophic soft sets and neutrosophic modules. As a result, we defined soft neutrosophic modules. After weak soft neutrosophic modules and strong soft neutrosophic modules are described and illustrated by examples. Finally soft neutrosophic module homomorphism is defined and soft neutrosophic module isomorphism is explained.

scholarly journals Structure-Properties Correlation of Cross-Linked Penicillin G Acylase Crystals

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
Marta Kubiak ◽  
Janine Mayer ◽  
Ingo Kampen ◽  
Carsten Schilde ◽  
Rebekka Biedendieck
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Diffusion Limitations ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
First Time

In biocatalytic processes, the use of free enzymes is often limited due to the lack of long-term stability and reusability. To counteract this, enzymes can be crystallized and then immobilized, generating cross-linked enzyme crystals (CLECs). As mechanical stability and activity of CLECs are crucial, different penicillin G acylases (PGAs) from Gram-positive organisms have proven to be promising candidates for industrial production of new semisynthetic antibiotics, which can be crystallized and cross-linked to characterize the resulting CLECs regarding their mechanical and catalytic properties. The greatest hardness and Young’s modulus determined by indentation with an atomic force microscope were observed for CLECs of Bacillus species FJAT-PGA CLECs (26 MPa/1450 MPa), followed by BmPGA (Priestia megaterium PGA, 23 MPa/1170 MPa) and BtPGA CLECs (Bacillus thermotolerans PGA, 11 MPa/614 MPa). In addition, FJAT- and BtPGA CLECs showed up to 20-fold higher volumetric activities compared to BmPGA CLECs. Correlation to structural characteristics indicated that a high solvent content and low number of cross-linking residues might lead to reduced stability. Furthermore, activity seems to be restricted by small water channels due to severe diffusion limitations. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time in this study that the entire process chain for the characterization of diverse industrially relevant enzymes can be performed at the microliter scale to discover the most important relationships and limitations.

scholarly journals Extraction, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Activity of Polysaccharides From Panax ginseng Meyer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Jia ◽  
Bin Zhao ◽  
Fangfang Zhang ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Santhanam ◽  
Xinying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepg2 Cells ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Acidic Polysaccharides ◽  
Hepg2 Cell Lines ◽  
First Time

Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients of ginseng. To extract the most effective polysaccharides against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we isolated and characterized the polysaccharides from the mountain cultivated ginseng (MCG) and compared their composition and cytotoxic effect with cultivated ginseng (CG) polysaccharide against HepG2 cell lines for the first time. MCG polysaccharides and CG polysaccharides were fractionated into two fractions such as MTPS-1, MTPS-2 and CTPS-1, CTPS-2 by salting out, respectively. Compared to CG, MCG possessed appreciable cytotoxic effect against HepG2 cells among that MTPS-1 possess fortified effect. Then, MTPS-1 was selected for further isolation process and seven acidic polysaccharides (MCGP-1–MCGP-7) were obtained using ethanol precipitation, ion-exchange, and gel permeation chromatography techniques. Structural characteristics of the polysaccharides (MCGP-1–MCGP-7) were done by adapting methylation/GC-MS and NMR analysis. Overall, MCGP-3 polysaccharide was found to possess significant cytotoxic effect against HepG2 cells with the IC50 value.

scholarly journals Major characteristics of mixed fir and beech virgin forests in the National park Biogradska Gora in Montenegro

2011 ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milic Curovic ◽  
Milan Medarevic ◽  
Rade Cvjeticanin ◽  
Mirko Knezevic
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Beech Forests ◽  
Basic Characteristics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Production Characteristics

In order to manage forest ecosystems at a sufficiently high biodiversity level it is necessary to study the ecological, structural and production characteristics of virgin forests. The research was directed towards identifying the characteristics of mixed fir and beech forests (Abieti-Fagetum s. lat.) in the area of the strict reserve of the National Park Biogradska Gora in Montenegro. Basic characteristics of these forests were researched in the process of definition of forest types. In this manner, it is for the first time that a realistic base for typological management of forests and forest ecosystems with similar ecological and structural characteristics was provided for the specific sites.

scholarly journals Algebraic Hyperstructures of Vague Soft Sets Associated with Hyperrings and Hyperideals

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganeshsree Selvachandran ◽  
Abdul Razak Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Classical Theory ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Soft Sets ◽  
The Relationship

We apply the classical theory of hyperrings to vague soft sets to derive the concepts of vague soft hyperrings, vague soft hyperideals, and vague soft hyperring homomorphism. The properties and structural characteristics of these concepts are also studied and discussed. Furthermore, the relationship between the concepts introduced here and the corresponding concepts in classical hyperring theory and soft hyperring theory is studied and investigated.

Recent Developments in the Institute's Domestic Macromodel

1989 ◽  
Vol 130 ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Wren-Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Econometric Model ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Model Version ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Explicit Dynamic ◽  
Wage Equations ◽  
First Time ◽  
Forward Looking

The forecast published in this Review uses the latest vintage of the Institute's domestic econometric model, version 11.4. In comparison with the model described a year ago (Model 11.1, see Wren-Lewis, (1988)) some of the main developments are:1) The key price and wage equations are both forward looking, and are based on explicit dynamic theories of adjustment. This is perhaps the first time that a large quarterly econometric model has attempted to identify the structural characteristics of nominal inertia in the UK.

scholarly journals Enzymic and structural characterization of nepenthesin, a unique member of a novel subfamily of aspartic proteinases

2004 ◽  
Vol 381 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senarath B. P. ATHAUDA ◽  
Koji MATSUMOTO ◽  
Sanath RAJAPAKSHE ◽  
Masayuki KURIBAYASHI ◽  
Masaki KOJIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Cysteine Residues ◽  
Aspartic Proteinases ◽  
Protein Databases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time

Carnivorous plants are known to secrete acid proteinases to digest prey, mainly insects, for nitrogen uptake. In the present study, we have purified, for the first time, to homogeneity two acid proteinases (nepenthesins I and II) from the pitcher fluid of Nepenthes distillatoria (a pitcher-plant known locally as badura) and investigated their enzymic and structural characteristics. Both enzymes were optimally active at pH approx. 2.6 towards acid-denatured haemoglobin; the specificity of nepenthesin I towards oxidized insulin B chain appears to be similar, but slightly wider than those of other APs (aspartic proteinases). Among the enzymic properties, however, the most notable is their unusual stability: both enzymes were remarkably stable at or below 50 °C, especially nepenthesin I was extremely stable over a wide range of pH from 3 to 10 for over 30 days. This suggests an evolutionary adaptation of the enzymes to their specific habitat. We have also cloned the cDNAs and deduced the complete amino acid sequences of the precursors of nepenthesins I and II (437 and 438 residues respectively) from the pitcher tissue of N. gracilis. Although the corresponding mature enzymes (each 359 residues) are homologous with ordinary pepsin-type APs, both enzymes had a high content of cysteine residues (12 residues/molecule), which are assumed to form six unique disulphide bonds as suggested by computer modelling and are supposed to contribute towards the remarkable stability of nepenthesins. Moreover, the amino acid sequence identity of nepenthesins with ordinary APs, including plant vacuolar APs, is remarkably low (approx. 20%), and phylogenetic comparison shows that nepenthesins are distantly related to them to form a novel subfamily of APs with a high content of cysteine residues and a characteristic insertion, named ‘the nepenthesin-type AP-specific insertion’, that includes a large number of novel, orthologous plant APs emerging in the gene/protein databases.

scholarly journals Construction of a Novel Chimeric Dextransucrase Fused to the Carbohydrate-Binding Module CBM2a

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Fraga Vidal ◽  
Roberto Carlos Aristicas Ribalta ◽  
Lisandra Teresa Martínez Valdés ◽  
Meinardo Lafargue Gámez ◽  
Amanda Montes Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding Module ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Encoding Gene ◽  
First Time

The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have great potential to produce homoexopolysaccharides (HoPS), have been the subject of extensive research efforts, given their health benefits and physicochemical properties. The HoPS functional properties are determined by structural characteristics of varied molecular weights, types of glycosidic linkages, degrees of branching and chemical composition. The dextransucrases (DSases) are responsible of the synthesis of a kind of HoPS (dextran polymers), which are among the first biopolymers produced at industrial scale with applications in medicine and biotechnology. The concept of glycodiversification opens additional applications for DSases. In that sense the design and characterization of new DSases is of prime importance. Previously, we described the isolation and characterization of a novel extracellular dextransucrase (DSR-F) encoding gene. In this study, from DSR-F, we design a novel chimeric dextransucrase DSR-F-∆SP-∆GBD-CBM2a, where DSR-F-∆SP-∆GBD is fused to the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM2a) of the β-1-4 exoglucanase/xylanase Cex (Xyn10A) of Cellulomonas fimi ATCC 484. This dextransucrase variant is active and without alteration in its specificity. The DSR-F-∆SP-∆GBD-CBM2a is purified by cellulose affinity chromatography for the very first time. Our results indicate that new hybrids and chimeric DSases with novel binding capacity to cellulose can be designed to obtain glyco-biocatalysts from renewable lignocellulosic materials.

scholarly journals Secondary convective rings in an intense asymmetric cyclone of the Bay or Bengal

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
AKHILESH GUPTA ◽  
U. C. MOHANTY
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
North Indian Ocean ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Sea Level Pressure ◽  
Cyclonic Storm ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT. The severe cyclonic storm with a core of hurricane winds of 4-11 May 1990, which crossed the Indian east coast near Machilipatnarn (Andhra Pradesh), was one of the most intense cyclones in recent years over the Bay of Bengal region of the north Indian Ocean. The storm reported the minimum sea level pressure of 912 hPa, the lowest observed value for any cyclone in the region. The storm exhibited certain interesting structural characteristics. The most striking  feature observed was the formation of secondary convective rings wrapped around the primary eyewall. These features were observed for nearly two days by four cyclone detection radars (CDR) located on the east coast of India. The paper presents an analysis of these features. We find that the double eye-wall structure of the storm has undergone a repetitive cycle characterized by the contraction of the outer eyewall and the weakening of the inner eyewall during the life of the cyclone. These interesting characteristics are observed for the first time in the north Indian Ocean for any cyclone. Some of the related aspects of double eyewall features, such as, the possible role of double eyewall structure on the recurvature or turning of the storm and the effect of land obstacle in the development of a secondary eyewall are discussed.        

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity and Characterization of One New Polysaccharide Obtained fromPerigord Truffle(Tuber huidongense)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Feng Chen ◽  
Wen-wen Jiang ◽  
Shi-qi Zhang ◽  
Jian-quan Kan ◽  
Yong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Edible Fungus ◽  
Main Components ◽  
First Time

As a medicinal and edible fungus parasitizing on the trees, Perigord Truffle (Tuber huidongense) is well known for its delicious taste, unique smell, and high medical value for healthcare. One new water-soluble nonstarch polysaccharide (PST-W with the yield of 0.41%) fromPerigord Truffle(Tuber huidongense) was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. The characterizations of PST-W were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide(s), and molecular structure. The monosaccharide compositions of PST-W were studied and identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6)α-D-Glcp(1→6)  α-D-Glcp (1→]nby methylation analysis and NMR. In the determination of total reducing capacity, the reducing abilities of polysaccharide extracts could be listed as vitamin C > PST-W > crude polysaccharides-3 > crude polysaccharides-2 > crude polysaccharides-1. All of PST-W, crude polysaccharides-2, and crude polysaccharides-3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl radicals with IC50of 2.81, 4.17, and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. However,O2-∙clearing abilities of PST-W and crude polysaccharides were obviously weaker. The activities of total crude extract were the worst, indicating that the impurities might negatively affect the antioxidant activity. Thus, the separation and purification of polysaccharides were significant to increase the antioxidant activity in some degree.

scholarly journals The Structural Characteristics, Management, and Challenges of Backyard Poultry Farming in Residential Areas of Turkey

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2336
Author(s):  
Demir Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
First Time ◽  
Poultry Farming

The aim of this study was to collect, for the first time, comprehensive information about the backyard poultry sector in Turkey. This included a profile of the poultry owners, flock characteristics, husbandry, housing conditions, the owners’ biosecurity measures and the challenges of backyard poultry farming in residential areas of Turkey. An online semi-structured survey was fully completed by 1094 respondents. The majority of respondents (91%) owned fewer than 50 birds and reported raising other poultry species besides chickens (64%). Most of the participants indicated that they kept poultry as food for family use (83%) and had been involved in chicken-raising activities for less than 10 years (86%). Free-range coops were the type of housing most preferred by the respondents (86%). However, there was a lack of awareness about poultry diseases and poultry health care conditions. Respondents that confirmed wild bird and rodent access to their feeders and drinkers reported high rates of internal-external parasites, Escherichia coli infections and chronic respiratory diseases (p < 0.001). Lack of regional regulations (84%), animal theft (80%), lack of information on poultry management (79%), minimizing predation (75%), and the need for vaccination and veterinary services (73%) were the most cited challenges. The results highlighted the need for improved biosecurity measures and for a regulatory framework that takes into account the risks to commercial poultry flocks and public health.

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