scholarly journals Intravesical Therapy for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: What Is the Real Impact of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Variant on Oncological Outcomes?

Medicina ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Mantica ◽  
Francesco Chierigo ◽  
Rafaela Malinaric ◽  
Salvatore Smelzo ◽  
Francesca Ambrosini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Intravesical Therapy ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the oncological impact of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) variant in patients submitted to intravesical therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Materials and Methods: Between January 2015 and January 2020, patients with conventional urothelial NMIBC (TCC) or urothelial NMIBC with SCC variant (TCC + SCC) and submitted to adjuvant intravesical therapies were collected. Kaplan–Meier analyses targeted disease recurrence and progression. Uni- and multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to test the role of SCC on disease recurrence and/or progression. Results: A total of 32 patients out of 353 had SCC at diagnosis. Recurrence was observed in 42% of TCC and 44% of TCC + SCC patients (p = 0.88), while progression was observed in 12% of both TCC and TCC + SCC patients (p = 0.78). At multivariable Cox regression analyses, the presence of SCC variant was not associated with higher rates of neither recurrence (p = 0.663) nor progression (p = 0.582). Conclusions: We presented data from the largest series on patients with TCC and concomitant SCC histological variant managed with intravesical therapy (BCG or MMC). No significant differences were found in term of recurrence and progression between TCC and TCC + SCC. Despite the limited sample size, this study paves the way for a possible implementation of the use of intravesical BCG and MMC in NMIBC with histological variants.

scholarly journals Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: Clinicopathological and Molecular Update

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Vitthalrao Jagtap ◽  
Swati S Jagtap ◽  
Parneet Kaur ◽  
Snigdha Vartak
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Urinary bladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide.Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is an uncommon subtype of urinary bladder carcinoma.It is a malignant epithelial neoplasm arising in the urinary bladder demonstrating a pure squamous cell phenotype. On histopathology it is considered when tumor is showing pure squamous morphology without any component of conventional urothelial carcinoma. The SCC is a histologically distinct form of cancer. It arises from the uncontrolled multiplication of cells showing particular cytological or tissue architectural characteristics of squamous cell differentiation, such as the presence of keratin, tonofilament bundles or desmosomes. Majority of bladder SCC are high grade, high stage tumors with most cancers having muscle invasion at the time of diagnosis while overall about 80% of bladder cancers are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer at diagnosis.COX-2 is markedly expressed in all SCCs. An increased COX-2 level induces the development of SCC of the bladder affecting many biological features of this tissue including apoptosis, cell adhesion, angiogenesis and invasiveness.TERT promoter mutations, commonly found in conventional urothelial carcinoma, are also highly prevalent in urinary bladder squamous cell carcinoma suggesting a common tumorgenesis and potential utility as a molecular urine-based-screening assay.This review summarizes the current features related to clinical , pathological, and molecular features of SCC of urinary bladder.

scholarly journals Intracutaneous and Intravesical Immunotherapy With Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin Compared With Intravesical Mitomycin in Patients With Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: Results From a Prospective Randomized Phase III Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (18) ◽  
pp. 2273-2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne J.M. Lammers ◽  
Wim P.J. Witjes ◽  
Maria H.D. Janzing-Pastors ◽  
Christien T.M. Caris ◽  
J. Alfred Witjes
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Phase Iii Trial ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Intravesical Instillations

Purpose Despite current treatment after transurethral resection of a bladder tumor, recurrences and progression remain a problem. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) was beneficial in earlier studies. In this study, safety and efficacy of KLH were compared with that of mitomycin (MM). Patients and Methods Patients with intermediate- and high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) without carcinoma in situ were enrolled in a randomized phase III trial. In all, 283 patients were randomly assigned for 16 adjuvant intravesical instillations with KLH after preimmunization, and 270 patients were randomly assigned for 11 adjuvant intravesical instillations with MM. Primary outcome measurement was recurrence-free survival (RFS). Secondary outcome measurements were progression-free survival, adverse events (AEs), and the effect of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response on clinical outcome. Results There were significantly more pT1 tumors in the MM group (P = .01). In a log-rank test, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, KLH was less effective than MM regarding RFS (all P < .001). Progression was uncommon (n = 20). In univariate Cox regression analyses, KLH tended to prevent progression more effectively than MM, but in multivariate Cox regression analyses, this could not be shown. AEs were common but mild. Fever, flu-like symptoms, and fatigue occurred significantly more after KLH treatment. Allergic reactions and other skin disorders occurred significantly more after MM treatment. Significantly more DTH-positive patients developed a recurrence than DTH-negative patients. Conclusion KLH had a different safety profile and was inferior to MM in preventing NMIBC recurrences. KLH tended to be more effective than MM in preventing progression. More research is needed to clarify the immunologic effects of KLH and the effects of KLH on progression.

scholarly journals Genomic characterization of non-schistosomiasis-related squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: A retrospective exploratory study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259272
Author(s):  
Esmail M. Al-ezzi ◽  
Zachary W. Veitch ◽  
Samer H. Salah ◽  
Theodorus H. Van der Kwast ◽  
Tracy L. Stockley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Single Nucleotide Variants ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Background Non-schistosomiasis related-squamous cell carcinoma of urinary bladder (NSR-SCCUB) is a rare tumor subtype distinct from urothelial carcinoma (UC). Studies assessing molecular biomarkers in bladder cancer have generally focused on UC, and genomic data of NSR-SCCUB is limited. We aim to provide additional insight into the molecular underpinnings of this rare entity. Methods NSR-SCCUB patients were identified retrospectively at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre between 2002 and 2017. Demographics, disease characteristics, therapeutic approaches, and outcomes were collected. Tissue samples were interrogated using the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 (ThermoFisher). Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the disease-free survival and overall survival (OS). Results Overall, 11 patients with NSR-SCCUB were identified between 2002 and 2017 with adequate tissue samples. Median age was 71 years (45–86), predominantly male (63.6%). At time of diagnosis, 9 patients (81.8%) had muscle-invasive disease, 1 (9.1%) had non-muscle invasive, and 1 (9.1%) had advanced disease. Nine (81.8%) patients had radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph nodes dissection. Eight (72.7%) patients had pT3 or pT4 with N0, and 5 (45.5%) were grade 3. Median OS was 12.5 months (95% CI 7.7–17.2 months). Single nucleotide variants or insertion/deletions were identified in TP53, TERT, PIK3CA, PTEN, CREBBP, FBXW7, and FGFR3. Amplifications were found in CCND1, and EGFR. Conclusions NSR-SCCUB has potentially actionable genomic alterations with anticancer agents and many of these aberrations are also seen in UC. The recruitment of NSR-SCCUB patients harboring such mutations should be considered in biomarker driven urinary bladder cancer studies.

scholarly journals A novel prognostic prediction model based on seven immune-related RNAs for predicting overall survival of patients in early cervical squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Qin ◽  
Lu Cao ◽  
Cong Ye ◽  
Junrong Wang ◽  
Ziqian Sun
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Prognostic Prediction ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Abstract Background In this study, we aimed to mine immune-related RNAs expressed in early cervical squamous cell carcinoma to construct prognostic prediction models. Methods The RNA sequencing data of 309 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) cases, including data of individuals with available clinical information, were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We included 181 early-stage CSCC tumor samples with clinical survival and prognosis information (training dataset). Then, we downloaded the GSE44001 gene expression profile data from the National Center for Biotechnology Information Gene Expression Omnibus (validation dataset). Gene ontology annotation and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were used to analyze the biological functions of differentially expressed immune-related genes (DEIRGs). We established protein–protein interactions and competing endogenous RNA networks using Cytoscape. Using the Kaplan–Meier method, we evaluated the association between the high- and low-risk groups and the actual survival and prognosis information. Our univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses screened for independent prognostic factors. Results We identified seven prognosis-related signature genes (RBAKDN, CXCL2, ZAP70, CLEC2D, CD27, KLRB1, VCAM1), the expression of which was markedly associated with overall survival (OS) in CSCC patients. Also, the risk score of the seven-gene signature discripted superior ability to categorize CSCC patients into high-risk and low-risk groups, with a observablydifferent OS in the training and validation datasets. We screened two independent prognostic factors (Pathologic N and prognostic score model status) that correlated significantly by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses in the TCGA dataset. To further explore the potential mechanism of immune-related genes, we observed associated essential high-risk genes with a cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. Conclusions This study established an immune-related RNA signature, which provided a reliable prognostic tool and may be of great significance for determining immune-related biomarkers in CSCC.

Three Autophagy-Related lncRNA are Prognostic Biomarkers for Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoyue Xu ◽  
Xiangpu Wang ◽  
Zhien Feng ◽  
Renji Chen ◽  
Zhengxue Han
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Abstract Background: Currently, no systematic analysis has been conducted to assess the potential of multiple autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) to predict the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). we investigated the prognostic potential of autophagy-related long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in HNSCC patients. Methods: Patient information and Autophagy-associated genes were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Human Autophagy data resource. Autophagy-related lncRNAs were determined through Lasso and Cox regression analyses. Then, on the basis of autophagy- related lncRNAs, a risk score and a nomogram were constructed for estimation of prognostic outcomes for HNSCC patients. These models were verified internally using the TCGA and. Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were used for gene functional analyses. Results: Three autophagy-related lncRNAs (AC002401.4, AC245041.2 and TMEM44-AS1) that are associated with HNSCC were identified. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses revealed that the risk score is an independent prognostic indicator (p ≤ 0.001), with its ability to predict prognosis being higher than that of other clinicopathological indicators (AUC=0.732). Concordance index of the nomogram was 0.712, and AUC values for one-year, three-year and five-year survival rates were 0.730, 0.745 and 0.728, respectively. Internal verifications revealed that this nomogram had a good ability to predict prognosis. Functional analysis showed that the genes were mostly enriched in autophagy and tumor-related cascades. Conclusion: The autophagy-related lncRNAs model can predict the prognosis of patients with HNSCC.Trial registration: Prospective, Observational, Real-world Oral Malignant Tumors Study (POROMS), NCT02395367. Registered 23 March 2015, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02395367

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