scholarly journals Demonstration and Assessment of Purification Cascades for the Separation and Valorization of Hemicellulose from Organosolv Beechwood Hydrolyzates

Membranes ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Roy Nitzsche ◽  
Hendrik Etzold ◽  
Marlen Verges ◽  
Arne Gröngröft ◽  
Matthias Kraume

Hemicellulose and its derivatives have a high potential to replace fossil-based materials in various high-value-added products. Within this study, two purification cascades for the separation and valorization of hemicellulose and its derived monomeric sugars from organosolv beechwood hydrolyzates (BWHs) were experimentally demonstrated and assessed. Purification cascade 1 included hydrothermal treatment for converting remaining hemicellulose oligomers to xylose and the purification of the xylose by nanofiltration. Purification cascade 2 included the removal of lignin by adsorption, followed by ultrafiltration for the separation and concentration of hemicellulose. Based on the findings of the experimental work, both cascades were simulated on an industrial scale using Aspen Plus®. In purification cascade 1, 63% of the oligomeric hemicellulose was hydrothermally converted to xylose and purified by nanofiltration to 7.8 t/h of a xylose solution with a concentration of 200 g/L. In purification cascade 2, 80% of the lignin was removed by adsorption, and 7.6 t/h of a purified hemicellulose solution with a concentration of 200 g/L was obtained using ultrafiltration. The energy efficiency of the cascades was 59% and 26%, respectively. Furthermore, the estimation of specific production costs showed that xylose can be recovered from BWH at the cost of 73.7 EUR/t and hemicellulose at 135.1 EUR/t.

Holzforschung ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Esteves ◽  
Luísa Cruz-Lopes ◽  
José Ferreira ◽  
Idalina Domingos ◽  
Lina Nunes ◽  
...  

AbstractThe outer bark of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) has a significant amount of cork tissue that may be an important source of chemicals derived from its natural polymers, suberin, cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. The present work focuses on the polyalcohol liquefaction of Douglas-fir bark with glycerol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to obtain a liquid that can be further processed to other chemicals and products. The results show thatPseudotsugabark can be liquefied in a significant percentage in presence of alkali. The best liquefaction yield was obtained with 6% KOH as agents. Although the use of a cosolvent is favorable, good liquefaction yields can also be obtained by glycerol alone. Lower temperatures are favorable as they lead to acceptable liquefaction yields. FTIR-ATR studies showed that all the structural compounds of the bark were attacked and depolymerized. The process tested has a high potential for generation of value-added products from liquefied Douglas-fir bark.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Verónica Díaz ◽  
Silvana Soledad Sawostjanik Afanasiuk ◽  
Romina Olga Coniglio ◽  
Juan Ernesto Velázquez ◽  
Pedro Darío Zapata ◽  
...  

Abstract The agricultural industries generate lignocellulosic wastes that can be modified by fungi to generate high value-added products. The aim of this work was to analyze the efficiency of the bioconversion of sugarcane bagasse and cassava bagasse using two cheap home-made enzymatic cocktails from Aspergillus niger LBM 134 (produced also from agroindustrial wastes) and compare the hydrolysis yield with that obtained from the bioconversion using commercial enzymes. Sugarcane bagasse and cassava bagasse were pretreated with a soft alkaline solution before the hydrolysis carried out with home-made enzymatic cocktails of A. niger LBM 134 and with commercial enzymes to compare their performances. Mono and polysaccharides were analyzed before and after the bioconversion of both bagasses as well as their microscopic structure. The maximal yield was the 80% of total glucans saccharified from cassava bagasse. The bioconversion of both bagasses were better when we used the home-made enzymatic cocktails than commercial enzymes. We obtained high added-value products from agroindustrial wastes, home-made enzymatic cocktails and hydrolysates rich in fermentable sugars. The importance of this work lays in the higher performance of the cheap home-made enzymatic cocktails over the hydrolytic performance of commercial enzymes due to the cost of producing the home-made enzymatic cocktails were more than 500 times lower than commercial enzymes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
Ndubuisi Chigozirim Onwusiribe ◽  
Chimarauche Peace Amanze ◽  
Chinwendu Oriaku

This study analyzed the profitability of ginger value addition in Abia State, Nigeria. This study identified the ginger value-added products common in the area, the cost implications of the value addition process, and the socio-economic and farm-specific factors affecting ginger value addition. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 60 (sixty) respondents and a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect the necessary data. The results revealed that the value ginger products were dried ginger, salted ginger, ginger flakes, ginger oil, and ginger paste. The factors affecting the profitability of ginger value addition from the linear regression model shows that education, income, capital, and collateral were significant. It is, therefore, recommended that youth and entrepreneurs should invest in ginger value addition as it is profitable and it is a sure way to economic empowerment and fight against hunger. 


Author(s):  
Stephen Bradley ◽  
Matthias Calice ◽  
Marc Fischer ◽  
Michael Harmening

Abstract This paper gives an overview of a methodology for reducing the cost of purchased materials for engineered products. The methodology has been successfully employed for a wide range of applications, ranging from low value-added products, such as simple processed materials (e.g., steel sheet or profiles), to high value-added equipment, such as machine tools and major components of industrial plants. We have applied the methodology in some 80 projects, achieving cost savings averaging 17% on top of the 10% savings achieved using traditional purchasing optimization approaches. The key distinguishing features of the methodology are a product-oriented as opposed to materials group-driven approach, the establishment of interdisciplinary teams that include engineers and purchasing professionals, and a well-defined, systematic method for addressing the most important drivers of materials cost together with key suppliers. The methodology is introduced by performing pilot projects, then anchored in the enterprise through organizational and procedural changes.


Author(s):  
Afifa Jahan ◽  
R. Arunjyothi ◽  
A. Shankar ◽  
M. Jagan Mohan Reddy ◽  
T. Prabhakar Reddy ◽  
...  

Millets are known as one of the most important cereal grains as it is good source of phytochemicals and micronutrients. Millets are consumed by more than 1/3rd of the world’s population. It is the 6th cereal crop in terms of world’s agricultural production. Present study was carried out in Nagarkurnool district of southern Telangana zone and sample size is n=30 farm women from economically low background cultivating millets were selected purposively. Nutritional education, skill development programs and awareness camps were organized to encourage for starting value added millet based enterprise for livelihood instead of selling raw produce which fetch low profits. The result of present study has shown that Millet value based products has enhanced the enterprise opportunities as the increase in health consciousness of the people. In the present study the cost benefit ratio has increase gradually with the each year 1:1.46 in the year 2018, 1:1.92 in the year 2019 and 1:2.5 in the year 2020. The consumption frequency of millet based value added products has also increased from 66% of sample daily consumption to 92% of daily consumption. As traditional roties (Indian flat bread) were not accepted by young age and unable to chew and swallow by old age. Millet based value added products were highly accepted, increased the consumption frequency and increased the income of farm women.


2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aishwarya Ramkumar ◽  
Nallusamy Sivakumar ◽  
Reginald Victor

Industrial biotechnology processes have recently been exploited for an economic utilization of wastes to produce value added products. Of which, fish waste is one of the rich sources of proteins that can be utilized as low cost substrates for microbial enzyme production. Fish heads, tails, fins, viscera and the chitinous materials make up the wastes from fish industries. Processing these wastes for the production of commercial value added products could result in a decrease in the cost of production. In addition, we can eliminate the pollution of the environment and health issues due to the improper disposal of these fish wastes. This review highlights the potential use of fish waste as a cheaper substrate for the production of economically important protease enzyme.


Author(s):  
Ogechukwu Bose Chukwuma ◽  
Mohd Rafatullah ◽  
Husnul Azan Tajarudin ◽  
Norli Ismail

Discovering novel bacterial strains might be the link to unlocking the value in lignocellulosic bio-refinery as we strive to find alternative and cleaner sources of energy. Bacteria display promise in lignocellulolytic breakdown because of their innate ability to adapt and grow under both optimum and extreme conditions. This versatility of bacterial strains is being harnessed, with qualities like adapting to various temperature, aero tolerance, and nutrient availability driving the use of bacteria in bio-refinery studies. Their flexible nature holds exciting promise in biotechnology, but despite recent pointers to a greener edge in the pretreatment of lignocellulose biomass and lignocellulose-driven bioconversion to value-added products, the cost of adoption and subsequent scaling up industrially still pose challenges to their adoption. However, recent studies have seen the use of co-culture, co-digestion, and bioengineering to overcome identified setbacks to using bacterial strains to breakdown lignocellulose into its major polymers and then to useful products ranging from ethanol, enzymes, biodiesel, bioflocculants, and many others. In this review, research on bacteria involved in lignocellulose breakdown is reviewed and summarized to provide background for further research. Future perspectives are explored as bacteria have a role to play in the adoption of greener energy alternatives using lignocellulosic biomass.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazifa Rafa ◽  
Shams Forruque Ahmed ◽  
Irfan Anjum Badruddin ◽  
M. Mofijur ◽  
Sarfaraz Kamangar

Third-generation biofuel produced from microalgae is a viable solution to global energy insecurity and climate change. Despite an annual current global algal biomass production of 38 million litres, commercialization confronts significant economic challenges. However, cost minimization strategies, particularly for microalgae cultivation, have largely been excluded from recent studies. Therefore, this review provides essential insights into the technologies and economics of cost minimization strategies for large-scale applications. Cultivation of microalgae through aquafarming, in wastewater, or for biogas upgrading, and co-production of value-added products (VAPs) such as photo-bioreactors, protein, astaxanthin, and exopolysaccharides can drastically reduce biodiesel production costs. For instance, the co-production of photo-bioreactors and astaxanthin can reduce the cost of biodiesel production from $3.90 to $0.54 per litre. Though many technical challenges need to be addressed, the economic analysis reveals that incorporating such cost-effective strategies can make the biorefinery concept feasible and profitable. The cost of producing microalgal biodiesel can be lowered to $0.73kg−1 dry weight when cultivated in wastewater or $0.54L−1 when co-produced with VAPs. Most importantly, access to co-product markets with higher VAPs needs to be encouraged as the global market for microalgae-based VAPs is estimated to rise to $53.43 billion in 2026. Therefore, policies that incentivize research and development, as well as the production and consumption of microalgae-based biodiesel, are important to reduce the large gap in production cost that persists between biodiesel and petroleum diesel.


Author(s):  
G. I. Demydas ◽  
◽  
E. S. Lyhosherst ◽  
I. V. Svystunova ◽  
◽  
...  

One of the main directions of fodder production intensification is the cultivation of fodder crops and fodder harvesting from them at the lowest cost of energy and labor resources, the maximum yield of fodder products per unit area, and 1 UAH of production costs. To successfully perform this task, it is necessary, first of all, to increase the productivity of forage crops, the use of cost-effective and energy-saving technologies and increase the efficiency of fertilizer application. One of the most valuable perennial legumes is sainfoin, which is characterized by high fodder value, unpretentiousness to growing conditions and has great agronomic value. At the same time, the existing technologies for growing sainfoin for fodder purposes remain energy- and resource intensive. The aim of the research was to determine the influence of mineral fertilizers and seed inoculation on the economic and energy efficiency of the sainfoin growing technology on green fodder. Experimental studies were conducted during 2016-2018 on the research field of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology, located in the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station" on typical low-humus chernozem. Experimental research was conducted during 2016-2018 on the research field of the Department of Forage Production, Land Reclamation and Meteorology, located in the NULES of Ukraine "Agronomic Research Station". The scheme of the experiment included the following factors: factor A - varieties of sainfoin: Amethyst Donetskyi, Adam, Smaragd; factor B - fertilizer, inoculation: 1) without fertilizers, 2) N45R60K90 + seeds inoculation, 3) P60K90 + seeds inoculation. As nitrogen fertilizer was used ammonium nitrate 34%, phosphorus - simple superphosphate 19%, potassium - potassium salt 56%. Method of sowing - row, spring, coverless. Inoculation was performed by Rhizotorphin. Economic evaluation of the results of field experiments was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods developed by the Institute of Cereals NAAS, the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of Podillya NAAS, NSC "Institute of Agrarian Economics" and other research institutions. Calculations of energy efficiency of growing sainfoin for green fodder were calculated according to the "Methodology of bioenergy assessment of technologies for the production of livestock products and feed." According to the economic assessment, the calculations of monetary and material costs are performed taking into account the full mechanization of works. The costs for them are calculated according to the technological maps developed in the process of research. The cost of seeds, fertilizers and fuel was taken at wholesale prices as of January 1. 2019, 1 ton of fodder units of sainfoin was equated to the cost of 1 ton of feed grain. According to the results of research, it was found that when setting up an experiment with different varieties of sainfoin, both with the introduction of mineral fertilizers and without them, the costs were the same. Economic indicators differed significantly at the end of the growing season, as the productivity of different varieties of sainfoin differed significantly not only due to the biological characteristics of varieties, but also as a result of their different reactions to mineral fertilizers. According to the obtained results of the calculation, among the studied varieties of sainfoin the highest conditionally net profit (13354-16504 UAH/ha) and the level of profitability (129-176%), as well as the lowest cost of 1 ton of feed units (1431-1627 UAH per 1 ton) and crude protein (UAH 8393–7291 per 1 ton) were observed on crops of sainfoin Amethyst Donetskyi. In general, the most economically feasible in terms of profitability (176%) was the cultivation of this variety in the absence of fertilizer. The highest indicators of EEC (energy efficiency coefficient) (4.6-6.3) were observed for the cultivation of sainfoin variety Amethyst Donetskyi in the absence of mineral fertilizer or application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers only.


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