scholarly journals Wear Resistance of High C High Si Steel with Low Retained Austenite Content and Kinetically Activated Bainite

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Podgornik ◽  
Mihael Brunčko ◽  
Peter Kirbiš
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Surrounding Matrix ◽  
Aisi D2 ◽  
Wear Mode

A novel high C high Si carbide free bainitic steel was developed for the production of cold work tools, knives, and rolls, requiring high hardness, toughness, as well as abrasive/adhesive wear resistance and resistance to galling at low costs. The steel was tribologically tested in dry sliding conditions under abrasive and adhesive wear mode, facilitated by using alumina and bearing steel ball as a counter-material, respectively. It was determined that carbide dissolution occurs under high contact pressures, thereby enriching the surrounding matrix with carbon and locally increasing the retained austenite content. The high retained austenite at the sliding interface increases the steels work hardening capacity and promotes superior wear resistance when compared to much more alloyed cold work tool steel, such as AISI D2. The steel has a high resistance to galling as determined by sliding against a soft steel bar due to its chemical composition.

Effect of Sub Zero Treatment on Microstructures, Mechanical Properties, and Dimensional Stability of AISI D2 Cold Work Tool Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 929 ◽  
pp. 136-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyuaji Narottama Putra ◽  
Pandega Pramaditya ◽  
Putra Pramuka ◽  
Myrna Ariati Mochtar
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Aisi D2 ◽  
Aisi D2 Tool Steel

AISI D2 tool steel has become important material in the industry, especially for mold and dies maker and also used for cutting tools. Conventional hardening process such as annealing and quenching is normally done for this kind of steel as it needs high hardness and wear resistance properties. To further improve its performance, sub-zero treatment can be performed. Quenching the steel in very low temperature e.g. liquid nitrogen, will help to remove unwanted retained austenite, thus provide better dimensional stability. In this study, AISI D2 tool steel samples were subjected to austenitizing temperature of 1030°C and then quenched using different quenching media i.e. air, oil, and liquid nitrogen. Vickers test result showed that after quenching process, the hardness for those samples were 762 HV, 822 HV, and 735 HV for air, oil, and liquid nitrogen quenched respectively. Microstructure analysis showed that retained austenite volume fraction after quenching process were 7.50%, 3.93%, and 3.18% for air, oil, and liquid nitrogen quenched respectively.

Tool Steels

2015 ◽  
pp. 621-645
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Alloy Design ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Evolution Of Microstructure ◽  
Alloying Principles

Tools steels are defined by their wear resistance, hardness, and durability which, in large part, is achieve by the presence of carbide-forming alloys such as chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium. This chapter describes the alloying principles employed in various tool steels, including high-speed, water-hardening, shock-resistant, and hot and cold work tool steels. It discusses the influence of alloy design on the evolution of microstructure and properties during solidification, heat treating, and hardening operations. It also describes critical phase transformations and the effects of partitioning, precipitation, segregation, and retained austenite.

scholarly journals Laser alloying of bearing steel with boron and self-lubricating addition

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Kotkowiak ◽  
Adam Piasecki ◽  
Michał Kulka
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Calcium Fluoride ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Laser Alloying ◽  
Amorphous Boron ◽  
Rolling Bearings ◽  
Borided Layer

Abstract 100CrMnSi6-4 bearing steel has been widely used for many applications, e.g. rolling bearings which work in difficult operating conditions. Therefore, this steel has to be characterized by special properties such as high wear resistance and high hardness. In this study laser-boriding was applied to improve these properties. Laser alloying was conducted as the two step process with two different types of alloying material: amorphous boron only and amorphous boron with addition of calcium fluoride CaF2. At first, the surface was coated with paste including alloying material. Second step of the process consisted in laser re-melting. The surface of sample, coated with the paste, was irradiated by the laser beam. In this study, TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 laser was used. The microstructure, microhardness and wear resistance of both laser-borided layer and laser-borided layer with the addition of calcium fluoride were investigated. The layer, alloyed with boron and CaF2, was characterized by higher wear resistance than the layer after laser boriding only.

Effect of Oxidation on the Wear Behavior of a ZrN Coating

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 1459-1462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem Atar ◽  
H. Çimenoğlu ◽  
E.S. Kayali
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Oxidation Treatment ◽  
Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Aisi D2 ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition Technique ◽  
Cold Work Tool Steel ◽  
Wear Tests

In the present study tribological performance of ZrN coatings deposited on hardened AISI D2 quality cold work tool steel by arc-Physical Vapor Deposition technique has been examined in as-deposited and oxidized conditions. ZrN coatings were oxidized at 400 oC for various times up to 12 h. Reciprocating wear tests carried out by rubbing Al2O3 balls on the coatings, revealed significant improvement in wear resistance of ZrN coating upon oxidation. Oxidation treatment at 400 oC for 12 h yielded seven times higher wear resistance than as-deposited ZrN coating, beside significant reduction in the wear of counterface (Al2O3 ball).

Observation of Wear in Induction-Heat-Treated Bearing Steel Bars under Reciprocating Motion

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 504-510
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Koga ◽  
Edson Costa Santos ◽  
Takashi Honda ◽  
Katsuyuki Kida ◽  
Takuya Shibukawa
Keyword(s):  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Wear Track ◽  
Fatigue Testing ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Heat Treated

Due to its high hardness and wear resistance under rolling contact, AISI E52100 steel (JIS SUJ2) is used in the manufacture of bearings and linear guides. The life estimation methods for components working under rolling contact developed up to now were designed for bearings. In this study, fatigue testing under reciprocating motion was performed and based on the microstructure, wear track investigation as well as hardness and retained austenite measurements, an evaluation method for linear guides is proposed. The results obtained from three different areas of the sample including wear tracks and non-damaged area are as follows: (1) there was little microstructure difference between the center and the end of the wear track; (2) a clear difference of the retained austenite content at the wear track and at the non-damaged area could be observed, however the percentage within different areas inside the track was similar.

scholarly journals Examination of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Wear of Tool Steels

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Enikő Réka Fábián ◽  
László Tóth ◽  
Csenge Huszák
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Residual Austenite ◽  
Tool Steels ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Primary Carbides ◽  
Matrix Hardness ◽  
Multiple Tempering

Abstract The microstructure of the investigated X153CrMoV12 grade tool steel in delivered condition consisted of spheroidal matrix and primary carbides. The primary carbides were not dissolved under austenitisation time on either 1030°C or 1070°C. The microstructure and abrasion resistance of the steel changed due to quenching from different austenitisation temperatures. After conventional quenching from the higher austenitising temperature, there is more residual austenite in the steel than at quenching from the lower austenitisation temperature, which decreased the wear resistance. As a result of quenching from 1070°C followed by a multiple tempering process around 500 to 540°C, the retained austenite content is reduced and finely dispersed carbides are precipitated in the matrix, resulting in a higher matrix hardness and an increased wear resistance. After cryogenic treatment, the residual austenite content decreases compared to the conventional process, which leads to an increase in hardness and wear resistance.

Wear Resistance of NiCoCrAlY Alloy Coating by Cold Spraying

2014 ◽  
Vol 898 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Sheng Qiang Feng ◽  
Bing Ma ◽  
Xiu Ling Wang ◽  
Lang Cui ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Cold Spraying ◽  
Alloy Coating ◽  
Corrosive Wear ◽  
Fatigue Wear ◽  
Wear Mode ◽  
Wear Modes

NiCoCrAlY coating with high density was prepared on the surface of the magnesium alloy by cold spraying. Compared with the magnesium alloy prepared by the methods of the semi-continuous casting, the wear resistance and wear mode were analyzed by the experiments. The results showed that, under the dry friction condition, the conditions of the weightlessness of wear of NiCoCrAlY coating were better than that of the magnesium alloy. After the frictional experiment for 20 minutes, the weightlessness of wear of NiCoCrAlY coating was 10mg. Compared with that of the magnesium alloy, the weightlessness of wear was lower than 28%. Consequently, the NiCoCrAlY coating had the capacity of the weightlessness of wear resistance. By the comparisons of the every samples friction morphology, the wear modes of the NiCoCrAlY coating were adhesive wear and abrasive wear. And the wear modes of magnesium alloy were also adhesive wear and abrasive wear with corrosive wear and fatigue wear.

Influence of Heat Treatment on the Microstructure of a High Chromium Steel Used for the Manufacture of Rolling Rolls

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 3099-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Fernández Pariente ◽  
J.Manuel Artimez ◽  
F.Javier Belzunce ◽  
Cristina Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Chromium Steel ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Treatment Optimisation ◽  
Maintenance Time

The aim of this work was the study of the heat treatment optimisation of high chrome steels used for the manufacture of rolling rolls in order to obtain a final product with a high hardness and wear resistance and taking into account the very large dimensions typical of these products. The effect of modifying the maintenance temperature and time during the different phases of the heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of this product was evaluated. The necessity of adjusting the temperature and maintenance time of the quenching heat treatment in order to obtain a martensitic/bainitic matrix with a low austenite content followed by two tempering treatments was demonstrated as the best way to obtain the optimal properties of the product for this particular application.

scholarly journals Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Distortion of Carburized Gear Steels

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1940
Author(s):  
Yongming Yan ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Zixiang Luo ◽  
Maoqiu Wang ◽  
Xinming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Wear Mechanisms ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Austenite Content ◽  
Cryogenic Process ◽  
Carburized Gear ◽  
Gear Steels

The effects of cryogenic treatment and low temperature tempering on the microstructure, mechanical properties and distortion of the 20Cr2Ni4A and 17Cr2Ni2MoVNb carburized gear steels were investigated. The results showed that the case hardness of the experimental steels was increased after the cryogenic treatment, due to the decrease of the retained austenite content and the precipitation of the tiny carbides. The wear resistance of the two steels after cryogenic treatment was improved, although the wear mechanisms were different for 17Cr2Ni2MoVNb and 20Cr2Ni4A steels. The distortion of the Navy C-ring specimens underwent shrinkage before expansion during the cryogenic process, and the distortion of 17Cr2Ni2MoVNb steel was smaller than that of 20Cr2Ni4A steel.

UDDEHOLM VANCRON 40

Alloy Digest ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
North America ◽  
Deep Drawing ◽  
Adhesive Wear ◽  
Cold Work ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
Powder Metal ◽  
Powder Pressing

Abstract Uddeholm Vancron 40 offers an excellent combination of galling resistance and adhesive wear resistance, which should be used in cold-work applications where the predominant failure mechanisms are adhesive wear or galling. Typical applications include blanking and forming, cold extrusion, deep drawing, and powder pressing. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, surface treatment, and powder metal forms. Filing Code: TS-687. Producer or source: Böhler-Uddeholm North America.

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