Association between Metabolites and the Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Globally, lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer type. However, screening and early detection is challenging. Previous studies have identified metabolites as promising lung cancer biomarkers. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to identify metabolites associated with lung cancer risk in observational studies. The literature search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE databases, up to 31 December 2019, for observational studies on the association between metabolites and lung cancer risk. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic and Cochran’s Q test. Meta-analyses were performed using either a fixed-effects or random-effects model, depending on study heterogeneity. Fifty-three studies with 297 metabolites were included. Most identified metabolites (252 metabolites) were reported in individual studies. Meta-analyses were conducted on 45 metabolites. Five metabolites (cotinine, creatinine riboside, N-acetylneuraminic acid, proline and r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene) and five metabolite groups (total 3-hydroxycotinine, total cotinine, total nicotine, total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (sum of concentrations of the metabolite and its glucuronides), and total nicotine equivalent (sum of total 3-hydroxycotinine, total cotinine and total nicotine)) were associated with higher lung cancer risk, while three others (folate, methionine and tryptophan) were associated with lower lung cancer risk. Significant heterogeneity was detected across most studies. These significant metabolites should be further evaluated as potential biomarkers for lung cancer.

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Height and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0185316 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (9) ◽

pp. e0185316 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fang Wang ◽

Xingxiang Xu ◽

Junjun Yang ◽

Lingfeng Min ◽

Sudong Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Lung Cancer Risk ◽

Meta Analysis

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Citrus fruit intake and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies

Pharmacological Research ◽

10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105430 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 166 ◽

pp. 105430

Author(s):

Jie Wang ◽

Jing Gao ◽

Hong-li Xu ◽

Ying Qian ◽

Li Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Lung Cancer Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Fruit Intake

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Cannabis Smoking and Risk of Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Journal of Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.18.79302 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽

pp. 196s-196s ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Park ◽

S.-K. Myung

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Testicular Cancer ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Subgroup Analysis ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cannabis Smoking

Background: Cannabis (also called marijuana or marihuana) is 1 of the most widely used illicit substances in the world. While cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor of many cancers, effects of cannabis smoking on risk of developing cancer have remained unclear. Aim: This study is conducted to evaluate the association between cannabis smoking and cancer risk. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase and the bibliographies of relevant articles to locate additional publications in October 2017. Two evaluators independently reviewed and selected eligible studies based on predetermined selection criteria. Observational studies such as cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies reporting odd ratios (ORs) or relative risk (RRs) for association between cannabis smoking and any kind of cancer risk were included. Subgroup analysis also was performed by cancer type (lung, oral, testicular, head and neck and others) and by smoking duration (<5 years, 5-10 years, >10 years). Results: We included 18 observational studies with 2 cohort studies and 16 case-controls studies, which involved a total of 13,646 cancer patients and 151,572 participants without cancer in final analysis. The random-effects meta-analysis of all 20 studies showed marginally statistically significant association between cannabis smoking and risk of lung cancer (OR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.00-3.08; I2 = 82.0%). Subgroup analysis by type of cancer shows that cannabis smoking more than 10 years increased risk of testicular cancer (OR = 1.50; 95% CI, 1.02-2.09; I2 = 00.0%). Conclusion: The current meta-analysis of observational studies found an overall significant increased risk of lung cancer and cannabis. Further, an increased risk of testicular cancer when duration of cannabis smoking exceeded 10 years also was found.

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Associations between female lung cancer risk and sex steroid hormones: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the worldwide epidemiological evidence on endogenous and exogenous sex steroid hormones

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08437-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hui Zeng ◽

Zhuoyu Yang ◽

Jiang Li ◽

Yan Wen ◽

Zheng Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Steroid Hormones ◽

Lung Cancer Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Sex Steroid Hormones ◽

Sex Steroid ◽

Sex Steroid Hormone ◽

Hormone Exposure ◽

Female Lung Cancer

Abstract Background Published findings suggest sex differences in lung cancer risk and a potential role for sex steroid hormones. Our aim was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the effects of sex steroid hormone exposure specifically on the risk of lung cancer in women. Methods The PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for female lung cancer risk associated with sex steroid hormones were calculated overall and by study design, publication year, population, and smoking status. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias, and subgroup analysis were performed. Results Forty-eight studies published between 1987 and 2019 were included in the study with a total of 31,592 female lung cancer cases and 1,416,320 subjects without lung cancer. Overall, higher levels of sex steroid hormones, both endogenous (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87–0.98) and exogenous (OR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.80–0.93), significantly decreased the risk of female lung cancer by 10% (OR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.86–0.95). The risk of lung cancer decreased more significantly with a higher level of sex steroid hormones in non-smoking women (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.78–0.99) than in smoking women (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.77–1.03), especially in Asia women (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.74–0.96). Conclusions Our meta-analysis reveals an association between higher levels of sex steroid hormone exposure and the decreased risk of female lung cancer. Surveillance of sex steroid hormones might be used for identifying populations at high risk for lung cancer, especially among non-smoking women.

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PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala contributes to an increased risk of overall cancer in the East Asian population: a meta-analysis

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060521992956 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 030006052199295

Author(s):

Yijuan Xin ◽

Liu Yang ◽

Mingquan Su ◽

Xiaoli Cheng ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Risk ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Asian Population ◽

Cancer Type ◽

East Asians ◽

Asian Populations ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Meta Analyses

Objectives To investigate the association between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 ( PARP1) rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk in Asian populations, as published findings remain controversial. Methods The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched, and references of identified studies and reviews were screened, to find relevant studies. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk, reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 24 studies with 8 926 cases and 15 295 controls were included. Overall, a significant association was found between PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk in East Asians (homozygous: OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35; heterozygous: OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04, 1.17; recessive: OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02, 1.25; dominant: OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06, 1.19; and allele comparison: OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03, 1.15). Stratification analyses by race and cancer type revealed similar results for gastric cancer among the Chinese population. Conclusion The findings suggest that PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala may be significantly associated with an increased cancer risk in Asians, particularly the Chinese population.

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