scholarly journals Salivary Metabolomics for Diagnosis and Monitoring Diseases: Challenges and Possibilities

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Eelis Hyvärinen ◽  
Minttu Savolainen ◽  
Jopi J. W. Mikkonen ◽  
Arja M. Kullaa
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Viable Method

Saliva is a useful biological fluid and a valuable source of biological information. Saliva contains many of the same components that can be found in blood or serum, but the components of interest tend to be at a lower concentration in saliva, and their analysis demands more sensitive techniques. Metabolomics is starting to emerge as a viable method for assessing the salivary metabolites which are generated by the biochemical processes in elucidating the pathways underlying different oral and systemic diseases. In oral diseases, salivary metabolomics has concentrated on periodontitis and oral cancer. Salivary metabolites of systemic diseases have been investigated mostly in the early diagnosis of different cancer, but also neurodegenerative diseases. This mini-review article aims to highlight the challenges and possibilities of salivary metabolomics from a clinical viewpoint. Furthermore, applications of the salivary metabolic profile in diagnosis and prognosis, monitoring the treatment success, and planning of personalized treatment of oral and systemic diseases are discussed.

Garlic: A Miraculous Herb for Oral Diseases – A Review

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
S Yadav ◽  
A Ahuja ◽  
V Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Pungent Odor ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

ABSTRACT Garlic is a member of lily family that has been used worldwide as an incredible herb in the array of medicine. In Indian traditional medicine, garlic holds a special place and is used to cure variety of diseases. It has got the reputation of a powerful healing, antibacterial and antifungal agent. It has proved beneficial in treating systemic diseases like diabetes, hypertension etc in medicine. But it has got less importance in dentistry due to lack of clinical data assuring its safe usage in curing dental diseases. Drawback of garlic is its pungent odor which restricts its oral usage as an antibacterial agent, but now a days odor less garlic preparations are available which can be utilized in treating oral diseases. This review article throws a light on the clinical applications of garlic in the field of dentistry.

scholarly journals Salivary Biomarkers and Their Application in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of the Most Common Oral Pathologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Melguizo-Rodríguez ◽  
Victor J. Costela-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Javier Manzano-Moreno ◽  
Concepción Ruiz ◽  
Rebeca Illescas-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
New Biomarkers

Saliva is a highly versatile biological fluid that is easy to gather in a non-invasive manner—and the results of its analysis complement clinical and histopathological findings in the diagnosis of multiple diseases. The objective of this review was to offer an update on the contribution of salivary biomarkers to the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases of the oral cavity, including oral lichen planus, periodontitis, Sjögren’s syndrome, oral leukoplakia, peri-implantitis, and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Salivary biomarkers such as interleukins, growth factors, enzymes, and other biomolecules have proven useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of these diseases, facilitating the early evaluation of malignization risk and the monitoring of disease progression and response to treatment. However, further studies are required to identify new biomarkers and verify their reported role in the diagnosis and/or prognosis of oral diseases.

scholarly journals Saliva and Oral Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Martina ◽  
Anna Campanati ◽  
Federico Diotallevi ◽  
Annamaria Offidani
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
New Era ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Saliva is a fascinating biological fluid which has all the features of a perfect diagnostic tool. In fact, its collection is rapid, simple, and noninvasive. Thanks to several transport mechanisms and its intimate contact with crevicular fluid, saliva contains hundreds of proteins deriving from plasma. Advances in analytical techniques have opened a new era—called “salivaomics”—that investigates the salivary proteome, transcriptome, microRNAs, metabolome, and microbiome. In recent years, researchers have tried to find salivary biomarkers for oral and systemic diseases with various protocols and technologies. The review aspires to provide an overall perspective of salivary biomarkers concerning oral diseases such as lichen planus, oral cancer, blistering diseases, and psoriasis. Saliva has proved to be a promising substrate for the early detection of oral diseases and the evaluation of therapeutic response. However, the wide variation in sampling, processing, and measuring of salivary elements still represents a limit for the application in clinical practice.

Internet of Things—A Novel Innovation in Dentistry

2020 ◽  
pp. 232020682098024
Author(s):  
Balaji Ganesh S ◽  
Kalaivanan Sugumar
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Caries Tooth

We are living in an era where medicine and dentistry are evolving. Dental caries, tooth malalignment and periodontal diseases are being encountered by dental specialists in their daily practices. New digital technologies are emerging in dentistry for diagnostic and treatment purposes. Digitization enhances our efficiency and saves time. One of the recent smart technological innovation in healthcare field is the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT consists of a network of physical gadgets embedded with instrumentation electronics, mounted chips and sensors. Through cloud web technology and internet connectivity, the required data collection is enabled. Acquired data is then exchanged to the doctors and analysis is done. This review article deals about the concept of IoT and its futuristic role in dentistry. The review article is based on the electronic searching and analysis of various international and national publications on the IoT concept in dentistry, medicine and biomedical engineering. A bench marking analysis was made on various applications, pros and cons of IoT in dentistry. IoT will play a paramount role in the clinical advancement aspects of diagnosis and management of various oral diseases in the forthcoming decades.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidant Enzymes among Smokers and Nonsmokers

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
KMK Masthan ◽  
Tajinder Kaur Saggu ◽  
Mahesh Pundaleek Dudanakar ◽  
Shams UI Nisa
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva ◽  
Smoking Group

ABSTRACT Background Cigarette smoke contains various oxygen-free radicals which are considered as the main causes of damage to biomolecules when exposed to cigarette smoke. Saliva is the first biological fluid that encounters inhaled cigarette smoke (CS) and has an antioxidant defense system able to counter toxic activities of free radical species. So, the aim of this study was to compare the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in saliva of smokers and nonsmokers. Materials and methods Unstimulated saliva of 200 males (100 smokers and 100 nonsmokers) was collected. The saliva was centrifuged and the activity of salivary superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was measured according to a specific assay. Results The mean value of superoxide dismutase activity was significantly higher in the smoking group than in the nonsmoker group, while the levels of GSH-Px activity was significantly higher in the nonsmoking group than in the smoking group. Conclusion Cigarette smoke leads to an alteration in salivary antioxidant activity. Evaluating the variations in the level of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-Px) in smoker's saliva might be useful for estimating the level of oxidative stress caused by cigarette smoke. Thus, it may help in patient's education regarding the ill-effects of smoking and determining the evolution and progress of various oral diseases. How to cite this article Saggu TK, Masthan KMK, Dudanakar MP, Nisa SUI, Patil S. Evaluation of Salivary Antioxidant Enzymes among Smokers and Nonsmokers. World J Dent 2012;3(1):18-21.

scholarly journals Human Development VIII: A Theory of “Deep” Quantum Chemistry and Cell Consciousness: Quantum Chemistry Controls Genes and Biochemistry to Give Cells and Higher Organisms Consciousness and Complex Behavior

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1441-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Ventegodt ◽  
Tyge Dahl Hermansen ◽  
Trine Flensborg-Madsen ◽  
Maj Lyck Nielsen ◽  
Joav Merrick
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Chemistry ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Quantum Fields ◽  
Biochemical Activity ◽  
Philosophical Approach ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Correct Hypothesis ◽  
And Behavior

Deep quantum chemistry is a theory of deeply structured quantum fields carrying the biological information of the cell, making it able to remember, intend, represent the inner and outer world for comparison, understand what it “sees”, and make choices on its structure, form, behavior and division. We suggest that deep quantum chemistry gives the cell consciousness and all the qualities and abilities related to consciousness. We use geometric symbolism, which is a pre-mathematical and philosophical approach to problems that cannot yet be handled mathematically. Using Occam’s razor we have started with the simplest model that works; we presume this to be a many-dimensional, spiral fractal. We suggest that all the electrons of the large biological molecules’ orbitals make one huge “cell-orbital”, which is structured according to the spiral fractal nature of quantum fields. Consciousness of single cells, multi cellular structures as e.g. organs, multi-cellular organisms and multi-individual colonies (like ants) and human societies can thus be explained by deep quantum chemistry. When biochemical activity is strictly controlled by the quantum-mechanical super-orbital of the cell, this orbital can deliver energetic quanta as biological information, distributed through many fractal levels of the cell to guide form and behavior of an individual single or a multi-cellular organism. The top level of information is the consciousness of the cell or organism, which controls all the biochemical processes. By this speculative work inspired by Penrose and Hameroff we hope to inspire other researchers to formulate more strict and mathematically correct hypothesis on the complex and coherence nature of matter, life and consciousness.

scholarly journals Periodontal Disease and COPD

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swarga Jyoti Das
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Airflow Obstruction ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused predominantly by Gram-negative, anaerobic, and microaerophilic bacteria that colonise the subgingival area though modified by environment, physical, social and host stresses. It results in progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone with increased probing depth, recession, or both [1]. Throughout the history of mankind, it has been believed that oral diseases and maladies including periodontal disease may have an effect on the rest of the body. Over the centuries, writings from the ancient Egyptians, Hebrews, Assyrians, Greeks and Romans, have all noted the importance of the mouth in overall health and well-being. Thus, the concept of linking periodontitis and systemic diseases could be traced back to the beginning of recorded history and medicine [2]. Periodontal disease has been linked to an increased risk of various systemic diseases, including the respiratory diseases e.g. pneumonia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [3]. COPD is a generic term defined by the presence of airflow obstruction with excess production of sputum resulting from chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. It has been recognized as one of the major causes of death and disability globally and is the fourth leading cause of death in United States [4]. The aetiology of COPD is complex and multifactorial, involving multiple genetic and environmental factors [5]. An enhanced or abnormal inflammatory response to inhaled particles or gases, beyond the normal protective inflammatory response in the lungs, is a characteristic feature of COPD and is potential to produce lung injury

scholarly journals Oral Health: A Guide for Your Health as a Periodontist’s Point of View

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-71
Author(s):  
Vinay H. Vadvadgi ◽  
Amit Mani ◽  
Neeta S. Padmawar ◽  
Lingraj Harihar
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Pathogens ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Tooth Structure

Dental caries and Periodontitis are the most commonly reported dental diseases. These can lead to loss of tooth structure and compromising the functions of teeth like mastication and thus affecting the overall health. Periodontitis is inflammation of periodontium resulting in loss of periodontal ligament attachment, bone destruction, tooth mobility and ultimately tooth loss. This is caused by the microorganisms present in the oral biofilm. One cubic millimeter of dental plaque contains about 100 million bacteria. At present almost more than 500-600 different varieties of bacteria have been identified in the oral cavity. Key perio-pathogens are the group of perio-pathogens that are responsible for the commencement and progression of periodontal disease as well as failed periodontal therapy. A. actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Porphyromonas gingivalis are the established key-pathogens in the various periodontal diseases. Through blood stream, these micro-organisms can be transported to various organs or system in the human body and causing and affecting overall health negatively. Endotoxins produced by these key perio-pathogens are associated with the non-oral diseases. It is a proven fact that periodontal health plays an important role in general health status in mankind. Periodontal pathogens can affect the systemic diseases and conditions adversely and can lead to unfavourable outcomes. Patients with cardiovascular diseases showed pathogens having same DNA as periodontal pathogens. In periodontitis patients, inflammatory mediators produced can trigger the hyperglycaemia. In pregnant women, premature birth and low birth weight is found linked with poor periodontal health. This paper highlights the role of periodontal health in various systemic diseases and conditions for better treatment planning and prevention of the adverse outcomes.

Bioinformatics Data Management and Data Mining

2008 ◽  
pp. 1714-1721
Author(s):  
Boris Galitsky
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mapping Techniques

Bioinformatics is the science of storing, extracting, organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and utilizing information from biological sequences and molecules.  The focus of bioinformatics is the application of computer technology to the management of biological information. Specifically, it is the science of developing computer databases and algorithms to facilitate and expedite biological research, particularly in genomics. It has been mainly stimulated by advances in DNA sequencing and genome mapping techniques (Adams, Fields & Venter, 1994). Genomics is the discipline that studies genes and their functions, including the functional study of genes, their resulting proteins, and the role played by the proteins in the biochemical processes, as well as the study of human genetics by comparisons with model organisms such as mice, fruit flies, and the bacterium E. coli

Bioinformatics Data Management and Data Mining

2005 ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Galitsky
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Human Genetics ◽  
Genome Mapping ◽  
Biological Information ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Biological Research ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mapping Techniques

Bioinformatics is the science of storing, extracting, organizing, analyzing, interpreting, and utilizing information from biological sequences and molecules.  The focus of bioinformatics is the application of computer technology to the management of biological information. Specifically, it is the science of developing computer databases and algorithms to facilitate and expedite biological research, particularly in genomics. It has been mainly stimulated by advances in DNA sequencing and genome mapping techniques (Adams, Fields & Venter, 1994). Genomics is the discipline that studies genes and their functions, including the functional study of genes, their resulting proteins, and the role played by the proteins in the biochemical processes, as well as the study of human genetics by comparisons with model organisms such as mice, fruit flies, and the bacterium E. coli

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