scholarly journals Untargeted Metabolomics Combined with Solid Phase Fractionation for Systematic Characterization of Bioactive Compounds in Hemp with Methane Mitigation Potential

Metabolites ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Rikke Hald Jensen ◽  
Marie Rønn ◽  
Mirka Thorsteinsson ◽  
Dana W. Olijhoek ◽  
Mette Olaf Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Fatty Acid Patterns

This study systematically evaluates the presence of methane mitigating metabolites in two hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties, Futura 75 and Finola. Hemp metabolites were extracted with methanol and fractionated using Solid Phase Extraction (SPE). Extracts, fractions, and the remaining pulp were screened for their methane mitigating potential using an in vitro model of rumen fermentation. The bioactive metabolites were identified with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). When incubated with a standard feed (maize silage), the extract of Futura 75 significantly reduced methane production compared to that of control (without added extract) and without negative effects on feed degradability and volatile fatty acid patterns. The compounds responsible for the methane mitigating effect were assigned to flavonoid glycosides. However, none of the fractions of Futura 75 or the pulp exhibited similar effect on methane emission. Butyric acid concentration in the fermentation inoculum was significantly increased, which could indicate why methane production was higher, when incubated with the fractions and the pulp. The extract of Finola did not show a similar significant effect, however, there was a numerical tendency towards lower methane production. The difference in methane mitigating properties between Cannabis sativa L. Futura 75 and Finola, could be related to the content of bioactive flavonoids.

Effects of adenosine on pressure-flow relationships in an in vitro model of compartment syndrome

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Shrier ◽  
Ari Baratz ◽  
Sheldon Magder
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Adenosine Infusion ◽  
Pressure Flow ◽  
Adenosine Concentration ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Model

Shrier, Ian, Ari Baratz, and Sheldon Magder. Effects of adenosine on pressure-flow relationships in an in vitro model of compartment syndrome. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(3): 755–759, 1997.—Blood flow through skeletal muscle is best modeled with a vascular waterfall at the arteriolar level. Under these conditions, flow is determined by the difference between perfusion pressure (Pper) and the waterfall pressure (Pcrit), divided by the arterial resistance (Ra). By pump perfusing an isolated canine gastrocnemius muscle ( n = 6) after it was placed within an airtight box, with and without adenosine infusion, we observed an interaction between the pressure surrounding a muscle (as occurs in compartment syndrome) and baseline vascular tone. We titrated adenosine concentration to double baseline flow. We measured Pcrit and Ra at box pressures (Pbox), which resulted in 100 (Pbox = 0), 90, 75, and 50% flow without adenosine; and 200, 180, 150, 100, and 50% flow with adenosine. Without adenosine, each 10% decline in flow was associated with a 5.7 mmHg increase in Pcrit ( P < 0.01). With adenosine, the same decrease in flow was associated with a 2.6-mmHg increase in Pcrit ( P < 0.01). Values of Pcrit at 50% of flow were almost identical. Each 10% decrease in flow was also associated with 2.2% increase in Ra with or without adenosine ( P < 0.001). Ra decreased with adenosine infusion ( P < 0.05), and there was no interaction between adenosine and flow ( P > 0.9). We conclude that increases in pressure surrounding a muscle limit flow primarily through changes in Pcrit with and without adenosine-induced vasodilation. The interaction between Pbox and adenosine with respect to Pcrit but not Ra suggests that Pbox affects the tone of the vessels responsible for Pcrit but not Ra.

Biphasic Structure-Based Modeling of Tissue Equivalent Mechanics

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preethi L. Chandran ◽  
Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos ◽  
Victor H. Barocas
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Tissue Mechanics ◽  
Soft Tissue Mechanics ◽  
Confined Compression ◽  
Elastic Interactions ◽  
Tissue Equivalents ◽  
Tissue Equivalent ◽  
Vitro Model

The collagen gel has been extensively studied as an in vitro model for soft tissue mechanics, cell-ECM interactions, and as a prototypical bioartificial tissue; a model of gel mechanics from a microstructural perspective is important for all of these [1]. An earlier experimental study recorded the microstructural rearrangements during confined compression by interpreting the evolution of birefringence patterns within the gel [2]. The patterns suggested that strain was transmitted by fiber rotation at interconnections and was non-uniform due to fluid permeation resistance, indicating that macroscopic gel mechanics arise from elastic interactions between the solid phase fibers and viscous interactions with fluid. A structure-based mathematical model to account for both the elastic and viscous response of tissue equivalents was developed.

scholarly journals Influence of diets supplemented with naturally protected or unprotected eucalyptus oil on methane production and lactating buffalo productivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzy Mohamed Abo-Donia ◽  
Mohamed Youssif Elaref ◽  
Abd El-Moniem Ali Sayed Mahgoub ◽  
Tarek Abd El Wahab Ahmed Deraz ◽  
Usama Aboelez Nayel
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil

Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of naturally protected eucalyptus oil supplementation in a form of leaves (EUL) or mature seed capsules (EUS) compared to crude eucalyptus oil (EUO). The control group (G1) received the basal diet consisting of concentrate feed mixture, fresh berseem, rice straw, and corn silage. The G2, G3, and G4 animals were fed the basal diet with a supplement of 200 g/head/day of EUL or EUS or 4 mL EUO, respectively. Supplementation with EUL or EUS increased NH3-N, SCFA, and acetic acid concentrations in-vitro. The total count of bacterial, protozoa and cellulolytic bacteria increased (P < 0.05) with EUL and EUS supplementation. Methane production lowered (P < 0.05) with EUS, EUL, and EUO supplementation. Milk fat decreased (P < 0.05) with EUO supplementation, while an adverse trend was shown for lactose. No differences in feed conversion were found among EUS, EUL, and EUO. Total protein, albumin, and blood urea increased (P < 0.05) with supplementation of EUL or EUS compared to EUO. EUO supplementation yielded increased (P < 0.05) AST, ALT, glucose, and creatinine. Supplementation with EUL, EUS, or EUO decreased (P < 0.05) DM, OM, and CP digestibility. While digestibility of EE with supplementation by EUL, EUS, or EUO was higher (P < 0.05). Digestibility of NDF and ADF decreased (P < 0.05) with supplemental EUL, EUS, or EUO compared to the control diet. Feeding EUS increased the values of TDN and DCP compared to EUL, which was higher than EUO. Our results confirm that the naturally protected form of leaves or seeds mitigates the negative effects of directly supplementing crude eucalyptus oil.

Retention of acetaminophen in an in vitro model of solid-phase gastric emptying of animals

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 895-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy A. Wyse ◽  
Will G. Marshall ◽  
Tom Preston ◽  
Philippa S. Yam
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals Colonic In Vitro Model Assessment of the Prebiotic Potential of Bread Fortified with Polyphenols Rich Olive Fiber

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 787
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Nissen ◽  
Flavia Casciano ◽  
Elena Chiarello ◽  
Mattia Di Nunzio ◽  
Alessandra Bordoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Positive Effects

The use of olive pomace could represent an innovative and low-cost strategy to formulate healthier and value-added foods, and bakery products are good candidates for enrichment. In this work, we explored the prebiotic potential of bread enriched with Polyphenol Rich Fiber (PRF), a defatted olive pomace byproduct previously studied in the European Project H2020 EcoProlive. To this aim, after in vitro digestion, the PRF-enriched bread, its standard control, and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) underwent distal colonic fermentation using the in vitro colon model MICODE (multi-unit colon gut model). Sampling was done prior, over and after 24 h of fermentation, then metabolomic analysis by Solid Phase Micro Extraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (SPME GCMS), 16S-rDNA genomic sequencing of colonic microbiota by MiSeq, and absolute quantification of main bacterial species by qPCR were performed. The results indicated that PRF-enriched bread generated positive effects on the host gut model: (i) surge in eubiosis; (ii) increased abundance of beneficial bacterial groups, such as Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillales; (iii) production of certain bioactive metabolites, such as low organic fatty acids; (iv) reduction in detrimental compounds, such as skatole. Our study not only evidenced the prebiotic role of PRF-enriched bread, thereby paving the road for further use of olive by-products, but also highlighted the potential of the in vitro gut model MICODE in the critical evaluation of functionality of food prototypes as modulators of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Volatile Compounds From Bacillus, Serratia, and Pseudomonas Promote Growth and Alter the Transcriptional Landscape of Solanum tuberosum in a Passively Ventilated Growth System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Heenan-Daly ◽  
Simone Coughlan ◽  
Eileen Dillane ◽  
Barbara Doyle Prestwich
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Transcriptional Landscape

The interaction of an array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) termed bacterial volatile compounds (BVCs) with plants is now a major area of study under the umbrella of plant-microbe interactions. Many growth systems have been developed to determine the nature of these interactions in vitro. However, each of these systems have their benefits and drawbacks with respect to one another and can greatly influence the end-point interpretation of the BVC effect on plant physiology. To address the need for novel growth systems in BVC-plant interactions, our study investigated the use of a passively ventilated growth system, made possible via Microbox® growth chambers, to determine the effect of BVCs emitted by six bacterial isolates from the genera Bacillus, Serratia, and Pseudomonas. Solid-phase microextraction GC/MS was utilized to determine the BVC profile of each bacterial isolate when cultured in three different growth media each with varying carbon content. 66 BVCs were identified in total, with alcohols and alkanes being the most abundant. When cultured in tryptic soy broth, all six isolates were capable of producing 2,5-dimethylpyrazine, however BVC emission associated with this media were deemed to have negative effects on plant growth. The two remaining media types, namely Methyl Red-Voges Proskeur (MR-VP) and Murashige and Skoog (M + S), were selected for bacterial growth in co-cultivation experiments with Solanum tuberosum L. cv. ‘Golden Wonder.’ The BVC emissions of Bacillus and Serratia isolates cultured on MR-VP induced alterations in the transcriptional landscape of potato across all treatments with 956 significantly differentially expressed genes. This study has yielded interesting results which indicate that BVCs may not always broadly upregulate expression of defense genes and this may be due to choice of plant-bacteria co-cultivation apparatus, bacterial growth media and/or strain, or likely, a complex interaction between these factors. The multifactorial complexities of observed effects of BVCs on target organisms, while intensely studied in recent years, need to be further elucidated before the translation of lab to open-field applications can be fully realized.

scholarly journals Reticulocyte rigidity and passage through endothelial-like pores

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 3037-3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Endothelial Pores

The importance of cell rigidity in regulating the release of reticulocytes from the bone marrow has been investigated in a model system. Reticulocytes were obtained from phlebotomized rabbits and separated from whole blood by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. The mechanical properties of the cells were tested. Using single-cell micromechanical techniques, the membrane elastic rigidity and the viscoelastic response of reticulocyte and mature cell populations were measured. The reticulocyte membranes were more rigid than the mature membranes, but the reticulocyte properties were heterogeneous, and some cells exhibited behavior indistinguishable from the mature cells. The mean time constant for viscoelastic recovery was the same for reticulocytes as for mature cells, but the variability within the reticulocyte population was greater. The possible influence of this increased rigidity on cell egress from the bone marrow was tested using an in vitro model of the thin endothelial pores found within the marrow. A silicon wafer approximately 0.1 microns in thickness and containing a small (1.2-microns diameter) pore in its center was cemented over the tip of a large (15.0-microns ID) micropipette. The passage of cells through the pore was observed as a function of the pressure across the pore. Consistent with the difference in mechanical properties, the reticulocytes required greater pressures (as great as 4.0 mm Hg compared with less than 1.0 mm Hg) and took longer to traverse the pore. These measurements support the postulate that deformability is important in the regulation of the release of cells from bone marrow.

scholarly journals Investigating the Phospholipid Effect on the Bioaccessibility of Rosmarinic Acid-Phospholipid Complex through a Dynamic Gastrointestinal in Vitro Model

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiahao Huang ◽  
Peter Chen ◽  
Michael Rogers ◽  
Shawn Wettig
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Oral Absorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Phospholipid Complex ◽  
Previous Animal Study ◽  
Coefficient Measurement ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
The Relationship

Phyto-phospholipid complexes have been developed as a common way of improving the oral bioavailability of poorly absorbable phyto-pharmaceuticals; however, the complexation with phospholipids can induce positive or negative effects on the bioaccessibility of such plant-derived active ingredients in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of phospholipid complexation on the bioaccessibility of a rosmarinic acid-phospholipid complex (RA-PLC) using the TNO dynamic intestinal model-1 (TIM-1). Preparation of RA-PLC was confirmed using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, partition coefficient measurement, and Caco-2 monolayer permeation test. Bioaccessibility parameters in different GIT compartments were investigated. Complexation by phospholipids reduced the bioaccessibility of RA in jejunum compartment, while maintaining the ileum bioaccessibility. The overall bioaccessibility of RA-PLC was lower than the unformulated drug, suggesting that the improved oral absorption from a previous animal study could be considered as a net result of decreased bioaccessibility overwhelmed by enhanced intestinal permeability. This study provides insights into the effects of phospholipid on the bioaccessibility of hydrophilic compounds, and analyzes them based on the relationship between bioaccessibility, membrane permeability, and bioavailability. Additionally, TIM-1 shows promise in the evaluation of dosage forms containing materials with complicated effects on bioaccessibility.

scholarly journals Reticulocyte rigidity and passage through endothelial-like pores

Blood ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 3037-3042 ◽  
Author(s):  
RE Waugh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Endothelial Pores

Abstract The importance of cell rigidity in regulating the release of reticulocytes from the bone marrow has been investigated in a model system. Reticulocytes were obtained from phlebotomized rabbits and separated from whole blood by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. The mechanical properties of the cells were tested. Using single-cell micromechanical techniques, the membrane elastic rigidity and the viscoelastic response of reticulocyte and mature cell populations were measured. The reticulocyte membranes were more rigid than the mature membranes, but the reticulocyte properties were heterogeneous, and some cells exhibited behavior indistinguishable from the mature cells. The mean time constant for viscoelastic recovery was the same for reticulocytes as for mature cells, but the variability within the reticulocyte population was greater. The possible influence of this increased rigidity on cell egress from the bone marrow was tested using an in vitro model of the thin endothelial pores found within the marrow. A silicon wafer approximately 0.1 microns in thickness and containing a small (1.2-microns diameter) pore in its center was cemented over the tip of a large (15.0-microns ID) micropipette. The passage of cells through the pore was observed as a function of the pressure across the pore. Consistent with the difference in mechanical properties, the reticulocytes required greater pressures (as great as 4.0 mm Hg compared with less than 1.0 mm Hg) and took longer to traverse the pore. These measurements support the postulate that deformability is important in the regulation of the release of cells from bone marrow.

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