Large-Scale Lever-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Sensing Lateral Vibration and Wrist or Finger Bending for Controlling Shooting Game

With advances in internet of things technology and fossil fuel depletion, energy harvesting has emerged rapidly as a means of supplying small electronics with electricity. As a method of enhancing the electrical output of the triboelectric nanogenerator, specialized for harvesting mechanical energy, structural modification to amplify the input force is receiving attention due to the limited input energy level. In this research, a lever structure was employed for delivering the amplified input force to a triboelectric nanogenerator. With structural optimization of a 2.5 cm:5 cm distance ratio of the first and second parts using two lever structures, the highest electrical outputs were achieved: a VOC of 51.03 V, current density of 3.34 mA m−2, and power density of 73.5 mW m−2 at 12 MΩ in the second part. As applications of this triboelectric generator, a vertical vibration sensor and a wearable reloading trigger in a gun shooting game were demonstrated. The possibility for a wearable finger bending sensor with low-level input was checked using a minimized device. Enhanced low-detection limit with amplified input force from the structural advantage of this lever-based triboelectric nanogenerator device can expand its applicability to the mechanical trigger for wearable electronics.

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Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG): Factors affecting its efficiency and applications

Facta universitatis - series Electronics and Energetics ◽

10.2298/fuee2102157a ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 157-172

Author(s):

Deepak Anand ◽

Singh Sambyal ◽

Rakesh Vaid

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Review Paper ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Electrostatic Induction ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerators ◽

Human Motions ◽

Great Scope

The demand for energy is increasing tremendously with modernization of the technology and requires new sources of renewable energy. The triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) are capable of harvesting ambient energy and converting it into electricity with the process of triboelectrification and electrostatic-induction. TENG can convert mechanical energy available in the form of vibrations, rotation, wind and human motions etc., into electrical energy there by developing a great scope for scavenging large scale energy. In this review paper, we have discussed various modes of operation of TENG along with the various factors contributing towards its efficiency and applications in wearable electronics.

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A microcrystalline cellulose ingrained polydimethylsiloxane triboelectric nanogenerator as a self-powered locomotion detector

Journal of Materials Chemistry C ◽

10.1039/c6tc05104a ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

pp. 1810-1815 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Arunkumar Chandrasekhar ◽

Nagamalleswara Rao Alluri ◽

Balasubramaniam Saravanakumar ◽

Sophia Selvarajan ◽

Sang-Jae Kim

Keyword(s):

Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Power Source ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Significant Potential ◽

Self Powered

Scavenging of ambient dissipated mechanical energy addresses the limitations of conventional batteries by providing an auxiliary voltaic power source, and thus has significant potential for self-powered and wearable electronics.

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PDMS Microfabrication and Design for Microfluidics and Sustainable Energy Application: Review

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12111350 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1350

Author(s):

Lin Lin ◽

Chen-Kuei Chung

Keyword(s):

Process Integration ◽

Material Selection ◽

Sustainable Energy ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Hydrophobic Surface ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Hydrophobic Recovery ◽

Optical Examination

The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is popular for wide application in various fields of microfluidics, microneedles, biology, medicine, chemistry, optics, electronics, architecture, and emerging sustainable energy due to the intrinsic non-toxic, transparent, flexible, stretchable, biocompatible, hydrophobic, insulating, and negative triboelectric properties that meet different requirements. For example, the flexibility, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, good stability, and high transparency make PDMS a good candidate for the material selection of microfluidics, microneedles, biomedical, and chemistry microchips as well as for optical examination and wearable electronics. However, the hydrophobic surface and post-surface-treatment hydrophobic recovery impede the development of self-driven capillary microchips. How to develop a long-term hydrophilicity treatment for PDMS is crucial for capillary-driven microfluidics-based application. The dual-tone PDMS-to-PDMS casting for concave-and-convex microstructure without stiction is important for simplifying the process integration. The emerging triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) uses the transparent flexible PDMS as the high negative triboelectric material to make friction with metals or other positive-triboelectric material for harvesting sustainably mechanical energy. The morphology of PDMS is related to TENG performance. This review will address the above issues in terms of PDMS microfabrication and design for the efficient micromixer, microreactor, capillary pump, microneedles, and TENG for more practical applications in the future.

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Harvesting Energy of Body Motion Through Single Electrode Based Self-Powered Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics ◽

10.1166/jno.2019.2580 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 1572-1581 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shamsuddin ◽

Saeed Ahmed Khan ◽

Ahmed Ali ◽

Abdul Qadir Rahimoon ◽

Palwasha Jalalzai

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Human Skin ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Copper Acetate ◽

Body Motion ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Silicon Rubber ◽

Self Powered

A self-powered mechanical energy harvesting system consists of the storage system and the energy scavenging TENG. Triboelectric nanogenerator includes a system which integrates a self-powered sensor and the power generator, this triboelectric nanogenerator has the potential to be used in a modern wearable electronic TENG. It has been reported that triboelectric nanogenerator working under complicated deformation like bending, stretching and twisting brings the main problem. Here we have fabricated the shape adaptive Triboelectric nanogenerator which solves all the deformation issues and can harvest the mechanical energy through human body motion in any deformation, the fabricated TENG is a self-powered sensor which can sense the different human activities and can monitor the health issues, the TENG stores the energy directly to the capacitor for powering the wearable electronics. A human skin based triboelectric nanogenerator was designed from the silicon rubber and the copper acetate-II used as the electrode, which makes the TENG flexible self-powered sensor, it can be stretched up to 200%. The stretchable nature and the flexibility of the human skin based silicon rubber triboelectric nanogenerator makes it the promising flexible and shape-adaptive energy harvesting TENG. The fabricated TENG generated the open circuit voltage 70 V and the short circuit current 11 μA and delivered the power 55 μW at the load of 80 MΩ. 42 LEDs were powered directly from the TENG. The fabricated TENG has human skin tactile property which does not harm the human skin while using it multiple times. The layer of copper acetate is completely coated with silicone rubber. The fabricated TENG is flexible, biocompatible and cost effective.

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Portland Cement-TiO2 triboelectric nanogenerator for robust large-scale mechanical energy harvesting and instantaneous motion sensor applications

Nano Energy ◽

10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.104802 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

pp. 104802

Author(s):

Jirapan Sintusiri ◽

Viyada Harnchana ◽

Vittaya Amornkitbamrung ◽

Ampol Wongsa ◽

Prinya Chindaprasirt

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Large Scale ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Motion Sensor ◽

Sensor Applications

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A high-output triboelectric nanogenerator based on nickel–copper bimetallic hydroxide nanowrinkles for self-powered wearable electronics

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/d0ta09440d ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (48) ◽

pp. 25995-26003

Author(s):

Kequan Xia ◽

Di Wu ◽

Jiangming Fu ◽

Nur Amin Hoque ◽

Ying Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Energy ◽

Human Motion ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Nickel Copper ◽

Self Powered ◽

High Output

This study provides a novel wearable TENG based on nickel–copper bimetallic hydroxide nanowrinkles (NC-TENG) to harvest the mechanical energy from human motion.

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All-in-One Self-Powered Human–Machine Interaction System for Wireless Remote Telemetry and Control of Intelligent Cars

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11102711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2711

Author(s):

Tingting Zhang ◽

Lingjie Xie ◽

Junyan Li ◽

Zheguan Huang ◽

Hao Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intelligent Control ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Stable Operation ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Human Machine Interaction ◽

System A ◽

Self Powered ◽

And Control ◽

Machine Interaction

The components in traditional human–machine interaction (HMI) systems are relatively independent, distributed and low-integrated, and the wearing experience is poor when the system adopts wearable electronics for intelligent control. The continuous and stable operation of every part always poses challenges for energy supply. In this work, a triboelectric technology-based all-in-one self-powered HMI system for wireless remote telemetry and the control of intelligent cars is proposed. The dual-network crosslinking hydrogel was synthesized and wrapped with functional layers to fabricate a stretchable fibrous triboelectric nanogenerator (SF-TENG) and a supercapacitor (SF-SC), respectively. A self-charging power unit containing woven SF-TENGs, SF-SCs, and a power management circuit was exploited to harvest mechanical energy from the human body and provided power for the whole system. A smart glove designed with five SF-TENGs on the dorsum of five fingers acts as a gesture sensor to generate signal permutations. The signals were processed by the microcontroller and then wirelessly transmitted to the intelligent car for remote telemetry and control. This work is of paramount potential for the application of various terminal devices in self-powered HMI systems with high integration for wearable electronics.

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Dry-Coated Graphite onto Sandpaper for Triboelectric Nanogenerator as an Active Power Source for Portable Electronics

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano9111585 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1585 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Smitha Ankanahalli Shankaregowda ◽

Rumana Farheen Sagade Muktar Ahmed ◽

Yu Liu ◽

Chandrashekar Bananakere Nanjegowda ◽

Xing Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Liquid Crystal Display ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Bottom Layer ◽

Human Motion ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Portable Devices ◽

Wearable Electronics ◽

Dry Electrode

Developing an eco-friendly, flexible and recyclable micro-structured dry electrode for sustainable life is essential. In this work, we have developed irregular, micro-structured sandpaper coated with graphite powder as an electrode for developing a simple, low-cost, contact-separation mode graphite-coated sandpaper-based triboelectric nanogenerator (GS-TENG) as a self-powered device and biomechanical sensor. The as-fabricated GS-TENG is a dielectric-conductor model. It is made up of a bottom layer with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a triboelectric layer, which is attached onto a graphite-coated sandpaper-based electrode and a top layer with aluminum as another triboelectric layer as well as an electrode. The forward and reverse open-circuit voltages reach upto ~33.8 V and ~36.62 V respectively, and the forward and reverse short-circuit currents are ~2.16 µA and ~2.17µA, respectively. The output generated by GS-TENG can power 120 blue light-emitting diodes connected in series, liquid crystal display and can charge commercial capacitors along with the rectifier circuit. The capacitor of 22 µF is charged upto 5 V and is sufficient to drive digital watch as wearable electronics. Moreover, the device can track signals generated by human motion, hence it scavenges biomechanical energy. Thus, GS-TENG facilitates large-scale fabrication and has potential for future applications in wearable and portable devices.

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Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Harvesting Wind Energy: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14216949 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (21) ◽

pp. 6949

Author(s):

Jiaqi Li ◽

Jie Chen ◽

Hengyu Guo

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Wind Energy ◽

Energy Conversion ◽

Large Scale ◽

Coupling Effect ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽

Green Energy ◽

Structure Design ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator

Throughout the world, wind energy is widely distributed as one of the most universal energy sources in nature, containing a gigantic reserve of renewable and green energy. At present, the main way to capture wind energy is to use an electromagnetic generator (EMG), but this technology has many limitations; notably, energy conversion efficiency is relatively low in irregular environments or when there is only a gentle breeze. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which is based on the coupling effect of triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, has obvious advantages for mechanical energy conversion in some specific situations. This review focuses on wind energy harvesting by TENG. First, the basic principles of TENG and existing devices’ working modes are introduced. Second, the latest research into wind energy-related TENG is summarized from the perspectives of structure design, self-power sensors and systems. Then, the potential for large-scale application and hybridization with other energy harvesting technologies is discussed. Finally, future trends and remaining challenges are anticipated and proposed.

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Rationally patterned electrode of direct-current triboelectric nanogenerators for ultrahigh effective surface charge density

10.21203/rs.3.rs-49397/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Zhihao Zhao ◽

Yejing Dai ◽

Di Liu ◽

Linglin Zhou ◽

Shaoxin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Harvesting ◽

Charge Density ◽

Surface Charge ◽

Direct Current ◽

Surface Charge Density ◽

Large Scale ◽

Mechanical Energy ◽

Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽

Electrode Structure ◽

Effective Surface

Abstract As a new-era of energy harvesting technology, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been invented to convert randomly distributed mechanical energy into electric power for Internet of Things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence (AI) applications. Enhancement of the triboelectric charge density is crucial for its large-scale commercialization. Here, a microstructure-designed direct-current TENG (MDC-TENG) with rationally patterned electrode structure is presented to enhance its effective surface charge density by increasing the efficiency of contact electrification, which achieves a record high charge density of ~5.4 mC m-2 (more than 2 times of the best value reported). The MDC-TENG realizes both the miniaturized device and high output performance. Meanwhile, its effective charge density can be further improved as the device size increases. Our work not only provides a miniaturization strategy of TENG for the application in IoTs and AI as energy supply or self-powered sensor, but also presents a paradigm shift of the large-scale energy harvesting by TENGs.

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