scholarly journals All-Optical Modulation Technology Based on 2D Layered Materials

Micromachines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Hongyan Yang ◽  
Yunzheng Wang ◽  
Zian Cheak Tiu ◽  
Sin Jin Tan ◽  
Libo Yuan ◽  
...  

In the advancement of photonics technologies, all-optical systems are highly demanded in ultrafast photonics, signal processing, optical sensing and optical communication systems. All-optical devices are the core elements to realize the next generation of photonics integration system and optical interconnection. Thus, the exploration of new optoelectronics materials that exhibit different optical properties is a highlighted research direction. The emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials such as graphene, black phosphorus (BP), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and MXene have proved great potential in the evolution of photonics technologies. The optical properties of 2D materials comprising the energy bandgap, third-order nonlinearity, nonlinear absorption and thermo-optics coefficient can be tailored for different optical applications. Over the past decade, the explorations of 2D materials in photonics applications have extended to all-optical modulators, all-optical switches, an all-optical wavelength converter, covering the visible, near-infrared and Terahertz wavelength range. Herein, we review different types of 2D materials, their fabrication processes and optical properties. In addition, we also summarize the recent advances of all-optical modulation based on 2D materials. Finally, we conclude on the perspectives on and challenges of the future development of the 2D material-based all-optical devices.

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (39) ◽  
pp. 22140-22156
Author(s):  
Xin-Ping Zhai ◽  
Bo Ma ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Hao-Li Zhang

Two-dimensional materials are now excelling in yet another arena of ultrafast photonics, including optical modulation through optical limiting/mode-locking, photodetectors, optical communications, integrated miniaturized all-optical devices, etc.


Nanophotonics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2107-2124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Chen ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Hao Ouyang ◽  
Yufeng Song ◽  
Tian Jiang

AbstractOptical modulation technique plays a crucial role in photonics technologies, and there is an ever-increasing demand for broadband and ultrafast optical modulation in the era of artificial intelligence. All-optical modulation is known to be able to operate in an ultrafast way and has a broadband response, showing great potential in applications for ultrafast information processing and photonic computing. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with exotic optoelectronic properties bring tremendous new opportunities for all-optical modulators with excellent performance, which have attracted lots of attention recently. In this review, we cover the state-of-art all-optical modulation based on 2D materials, including graphene, transitional metal dichalcogenides, phosphorus, and other novel 2D materials. We present the operations mechanism of different types of all-optical modulators with various configurations, such as fiber-integrated and free-space ones. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities faced by all-optical modulation, as well as offer some future perspectives for the development of all-optical modulation based on 2D materials.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (13) ◽  
pp. eaay5195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Prabhakar ◽  
Taylor Shields ◽  
Adetunmise C. Dada ◽  
Mehdi Ebrahim ◽  
Gregor G. Taylor ◽  
...  

Quantum-enhanced optical systems operating within the 2- to 2.5-μm spectral region have the potential to revolutionize emerging applications in communications, sensing, and metrology. However, to date, sources of entangled photons have been realized mainly in the near-infrared 700- to 1550-nm spectral window. Here, using custom-designed lithium niobate crystals for spontaneous parametric down-conversion and tailored superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors, we demonstrate two-photon interference and polarization-entangled photon pairs at 2090 nm. These results open the 2- to 2.5-μm mid-infrared window for the development of optical quantum technologies such as quantum key distribution in next-generation mid-infrared fiber communication systems and future Earth-to-satellite communications.


2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1722-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Mei ◽  
Li Li Cao ◽  
Yan He ◽  
Ru Ru Zhang ◽  
Fei Yun Guo ◽  
...  

The calcium terbium aluminate (CaTbAlO4) single crystal was grown by Czochralski method successfully for the first time.The structure of the crystal was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis.The transmission spectrum of the crystal was measured at room temperature at the wavelength of 400-1500nm.The specific Faraday rotation of the single crystal was surveyed at room temperature at the wavelength 532nm, 633nm, and 1064nm respectively.The Verdet constants of the CaTbAlO4 crystal are calculated and the results show that the Verdet constants of CaTbAlO4 are around 110% higher than that of TGG in the visible and near-infrared spectral region.Therefore,crystal CaTbAlO4 can be promising material for the fabrication of magneto-optical devices in the visible region.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudra Gnawali ◽  
Andrew Volk ◽  
Imad Agha ◽  
Tamara E. Payne ◽  
Amit Rai ◽  
...  

AbstractThe self-collimation of light through Photonic Crystals (PCs) due to their optical properties and through a special geometric structure offers a new form of beam steering with highly optical control capabilities for a range of different applications. The objective of this work is to understand self-collimation and bending of light beams through bio-inspired Spatially Variant Photonic Crystals (SVPCs) made from dielectric materials such as silicon dioxide and common polymers used in three-dimensional printing like SU-8. Based upon natural PCs found in animals such as butterflies and fish, the PCs developed in this work can be used to manipulate different wavelengths of light for optical communications, multiplexing, and beam-tuning devices for light detection and ranging applications. In this paper, we show the optical properties and potential applications of two different SVPC designs that can control light through a 90-degree bend and optical logic gates. These two-dimensional SVPC designs were optimized for operation in the near-infrared range of approximately 800–1000 nm for the 90-degree bend and 700–1000 nm for the optical logic gate. These SVPCs were shown to provide high transmission through desired regions with low reflection and absorption of light to prove the potential benefits of these structures for future optical systems.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (34) ◽  
pp. eabb3123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Grinblat ◽  
Haizhong Zhang ◽  
Michael P. Nielsen ◽  
Leonid Krivitsky ◽  
Rodrigo Berté ◽  
...  

High–refractive index nanostructured dielectrics have the ability to locally enhance electromagnetic fields with low losses while presenting high third-order nonlinearities. In this work, we exploit these characteristics to achieve efficient ultrafast all-optical modulation in a crystalline gallium phosphide (GaP) nanoantenna through the optical Kerr effect (OKE) and two-photon absorption (TPA) in the visible/near-infrared range. We show that an individual GaP nanodisk can yield differential reflectivity modulations of up to ~40%, with characteristic modulation times between 14 and 66 fs, when probed at the anapole excitation (AE). Numerical simulations reveal that the AE represents a unique condition where both the OKE and TPA contribute with the same modulation sign, maximizing the response. These findings highly outperform previous reports on sub–100-fs all-optical switching from resonant nanoscale dielectrics, which have demonstrated modulation depths no larger than 0.5%, placing GaP nanoantennas as a promising choice for ultrafast all-optical modulation at the nanometer scale.


2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 1350034 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. SELVENDRAN ◽  
A. SIVANANTHARAJA

Four Wave Mixing (FWM) is a nonlinear process which greatly degrades the performance of the multi-wavelength optical communication systems. This paper describes the analysis of FWM under different all optical modulation formats in two cases of networks such as high nonlinear regime of a 4-Channels, 40 Gb/s WDM network and a normal 32 channel, 40 Gb/s DWDM network. Performance parameters like suppressed FWM side band power, Q-factor and BER are analyzed. Although duobinary, DPSK and DQPSK modulation formats perform better in the latter case, the first case proves that only the DQPSK modulation format performs exceptionally well even in high nonlinear conditions of even DWDM networks.


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