scholarly journals A Survey on Analog-to-Digital Converter Integrated Circuits for Miniaturized High Resolution Ultrasonic Imaging System

Micromachines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Dongdong Chen ◽  
Xinhui Cui ◽  
Qidong Zhang ◽  
Di Li ◽  
Wenyang Cheng ◽  
...  

As traditional ultrasonic imaging systems (UIS) are expensive, bulky, and power-consuming, miniaturized and portable UIS have been developed and widely utilized in the biomedical field. The performance of integrated circuits (ICs) in portable UIS obviously affects the effectiveness and quality of ultrasonic imaging. In the ICs for UIS, the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is used to complete the conversion of the analog echo signal received by the analog front end into digital for further processing by a digital signal processing (DSP) or microcontroller unit (MCU). The accuracy and speed of the ADC determine the precision and efficiency of UIS. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically review and summarize the characteristics of different types of ADCs for UIS, which can provide valuable guidance to design and fabricate high-performance ADC for miniaturized high resolution UIS. In this paper, the architecture and performance of ADC for UIS, including successive approximation register (SAR) ADC, sigma-delta (Σ-∆) ADC, pipelined ADC, and hybrid ADC, have been systematically introduced. In addition, comparisons and discussions of different types of ADCs are presented. Finally, this paper is summarized, and presents the challenges and prospects of ADC ICs for miniaturized high resolution UIS.

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (HITEC) ◽  
pp. 000053-000057
Author(s):  
Jeff Watson ◽  
Maithil Pachchigar

A growing number of industries are calling for low power electronics that operate reliably at temperatures of 175°C and higher. Many of these applications require a precision data acquisition signal chain in order to digitize analog data so that it can be collected and processed. Designing circuits that meet these needs can be very challenging, requiring a data converter that can deliver high performance and reliability in these harsh environments. There are currently a very limited number of integrated circuits commercially available that are specified for operation at these temperatures, and no low power precision data converters with sample rates greater than 100kSPS. This paper presents a new 210°C rated precision analog to digital converter capable of sample rates up to 600 kSPS with 16 bit resolution while maintaining low power consumption and packaged in a small form factor. We will explore the converter architecture of this ADC, present initial test results, and show how high reliability is achieved through qualification and advanced packaging techniques.


Author(s):  
Eka Fitrah Pribadi ◽  
Rajeev Kumar Pandey ◽  
Paul C.-P. Chao

Abstract A high-resolution, low offset delta-sigma analog to digital converter for detecting photoplethysmography (PPG) signal is presented in this study. The PPG signal is a bio-optical signal incorporated with heart functionality and located in the range of 0.1–10 Hz. The location to get PPG signal is on a pulsating artery. Thus the delta-sigma analog-to-digital (DS ADC) converter is designed specifically in that range. However, the DS ADC circuitry suffers from 1/f noise under 10 Hz frequency range. A chopper based operational amplifier is implemented in DS ADC to push the 1/f noise into high-frequency noise. The dc offset of the operational amplifier is also pushed to the high-frequency region. The DS ADC circuitry consists of a second-order continuous-time delta-sigma modulator. The delta-sigma modulator circuitry is designed and simulated using TSMC 180 nm technology. The continuous-time delta-sigma modulator active area layout is 746μm × 399 μm and fabricated using TSMC 180 nm technology. It operates in 100 Hz bandwidth and 4096 over-sampling ratios. The SFDR of the circuit is above 70 dB. The power consumption of the delta-sigma modulator is 35.61μW. The simulation is performed in three different kinds of corner, SS, TT, and FF corner, to guarantee the circuitry works in different conditions.


2018 ◽  
pp. 961-1000
Author(s):  
İmran Göker

In this chapter, the monitoring of the electrical activity of skeletal muscles is depicted. The main components of the detection and conditioning of the EMG signals is explained in the sense of the biomedical instrumentation. But, first, a brief description of EMG generation is introduced. The hardware components of the general instrumentation system used in the acquisition of EMG signal such as amplifier, filters, analog-to-digital converter are discussed in detail. Subsequently, different types of electrodes used in different EMG techniques are mentioned. Then, various EMG signals that can be detected and monitored via EMG systems are described and their clinical importance is discussed with detail. Finally, different EMG techniques used in clinical studies and their purposes are explained with detail.


2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. V. Volkov ◽  
S. V. Rumyantsev ◽  
Yu. M. Fokin

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