scholarly journals Comparative Microbiomes of the Respiratory Tract and Joints of Feedlot Cattle Mortalities

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Chunli Li ◽  
Rahat Zaheer ◽  
Andrea Kinnear ◽  
Murray Jelinski ◽  
Tim A. McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Septic Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Mycoplasma Spp

A comparative study of microbiota of the respiratory tract and joints of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) cattle mortalities was undertaken. Nasopharynx, trachea, lung and joint samples were collected from 32 cattle that died of BRD, “cases”, and 8 that died of other causes, “controls”. Bacterial diversity was lower (p < 0.05) in the nasopharynx, trachea and lungs of cases as compared to controls. In cases, alpha-diversity (p < 0.05) was lower in the lungs and joints than the nasopharynx. Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the most abundant phyla in all samples. Relative abundances of Mycoplasma spp. in the lung, Pasteurella spp. in the trachea and lung, and Histophilus spp. in the lung, trachea and nasopharynx of cases were higher (p < 0.001) than controls. Mycoplasma spp. comprised 20.5% of bacterial flora in the joint, 36.0% in the lung, 22.4% in the trachea and 8.8% in the nasopharynx. Mannheimia spp. (21.8%) and Histophilus spp. (10.4%) were more abundant in lungs. Cattle that died of BRD possessed less diverse respiratory microbiomes with a higher abundance of respiratory pathogens. Mycoplasma spp. were prominent members of pneumonic lungs and joints displaying septic arthritis.

scholarly journals Exposure to traffic-related air pollution and bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract of children

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0244341
Author(s):  
Christine Niemeier-Walsh ◽  
Patrick H. Ryan ◽  
Jaroslaw Meller ◽  
Nicholas J. Ollberding ◽  
Atin Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Asthma Status ◽  
The Impact

Background Exposure to particulate matter has been shown to increase the adhesion of bacteria to human airway epithelial cells. However, the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the respiratory microbiome is unknown. Methods Forty children were recruited through the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a longitudinal cohort followed from birth through early adolescence. Saliva and induced sputum were collected at age 14 years. Exposure to TRAP was characterized from birth through the time of sample collection using a previously validated land-use regression model. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S and ITS fungal rRNA genes was performed on sputum and saliva samples. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa and diversity indices were compared in children with exposure to high and low TRAP. We also used multiple linear regression to assess the effect of TRAP exposure, gender, asthma status, and socioeconomic status on the alpha diversity of bacteria in sputum. Results We observed higher bacterial alpha diversity indices in sputum than in saliva. The diversity indices for bacteria were greater in the high TRAP exposure group than the low exposure group. These differences remained after adjusting for asthma status, gender, and mother’s education. No differences were observed in the fungal microbiome between TRAP exposure groups. Conclusion Our findings indicate that exposure to TRAP in early childhood and adolescence may be associated with greater bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract. Asthma status does not appear to confound the observed differences in diversity. These results demonstrate that there may be a TRAP-exposure related change in the lower respiratory microbiota that is independent of asthma status.

scholarly journals Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution is Associated with Greater Bacterial Diversity in the Lower Respiratory Tract of Children

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Niemeier-Walsh ◽  
Patrick H Ryan ◽  
Jaroslaw Meller ◽  
Nicholas J. Ollberding ◽  
Atin Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Asthma Status ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundExposure to particulate matter has been shown to increase the adhesion of bacteria to human airway epithelial cells. However, the impact of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on the respiratory microbiome is unknown.MethodsForty children were recruited through the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, a longitudinal cohort followed from birth through early adolescence. Saliva and induced sputum were collected at age 14 years. Exposure to TRAP was characterized from birth through the time of sample collection using a previously validated land-use regression model. Sequencing of the bacterial 16S and ITS fungal rRNA genes was performed on sputum and saliva samples. The relative abundance of bacterial taxa and diversity indices were compared in children with exposure to high and low TRAP. We also used multiple linear regression to assess the effect of TRAP exposure, gender, asthma status, and socioeconomic status on the alpha diversity of bacteria in sputum.ResultsWe observed higher bacterial alpha diversity indices in sputum than in saliva. The diversity indices for bacteria were greater in the high TRAP exposure group than the low exposure group. These differences remained after adjusting for asthma status, gender, and mother’s education. No differences were observed in the fungal microbiome between TRAP exposure groups.ConclusionOur findings indicate that exposure to TRAP in early childhood and adolescence may be associated with greater bacterial diversity in the lower respiratory tract. Asthma status does not appear to confound the observed differences in diversity. It is still unknown whether the development of asthma changes the lower respiratory tract microbiome or if an altered microbiome mediates a change in disease status. However, these results demonstrate that there may be a TRAP-exposure related change in the lower respiratory microbiota that is independent of asthma status.

Development and application of molecular diagnostics and proteomics to bovine respiratory disease (BRD)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
John Dustin Loy
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pcr Technology ◽  
Multiple Pathogens

Abstract Advances in molecular and proteomic technologies and methods have enabled new diagnostic tools for bovine respiratory pathogens that are high-throughput, rapid, and extremely sensitive. Classically, diagnostic testing for these pathogens required culture-based approaches that required days to weeks and highly trained technical staff to conduct. However, new advances such as multiplex hydrolysis probe-based real-time PCR technology have enabled enhanced and rapid detection of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) pathogens in a variety of clinical specimens. These tools provide many advantages and have shown superiority over culture for co-infections/co-detections where multiple pathogens are present. Additionally, the integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MS) into veterinary diagnostic labs has revolutionized the ability to rapidly identify bacterial pathogens associated with BRD. Recent applications of this technology include the ability to type these opportunistic pathogens to the sub-species level (specifically Mannheimia haemolytica) using MS-based biomarkers, to allow for the identification of bacterial genotypes associated with BRD versus genotypes that are more likely to be commensal in nature.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study Between Cefodizime (CDZM) and Cefotaxime (CTX) in Respiratory Tract Infections

1989 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-351
Author(s):  
Kazuo TAKEBE ◽  
Kenichi IMAMURA ◽  
Mitsuo MASUDA ◽  
Seiichi MURAKAMI ◽  
Masahiko TOMIYAMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Tract Infections

Respiratory disease in foreign body aspiration in children

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1145-1150
Author(s):  
G. M. Lopatin
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Foreign Body Aspiration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Different Parts

Aspiration of foreign bodies into the windpipe usually results in respiratory damage. This lesion may be of varying intensity and may be localized in different parts of the respiratory tract or lungs. Both the intensity and the localization of the lesion may depend on a number of reasons and above all on the location of the foreign body and its type, but also on the constitutional characteristics of the body and on many other causes. Aspirated foreign bodies are found in the trachea or larynx and almost as often in the bronchi.

Frequent respiratory pathogens of respiratory tract infections in children attending daycare centers

2011 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Bonfim ◽  
Maur&iacute;cio L. Nogueira ◽  
Paulo V&iacute;tor M. Simas ◽  
Luis Gustavo A. Gardinassi ◽  
Edison L. Durigon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Daycare Centers ◽  
Tract Infections
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