scholarly journals Dietary Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methyl Butyrate Supplementation Inhibits Hepatic Fat Deposition via Regulating Gut Microbiota in Broiler Chickens

2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Shiyu Zhang ◽  
Zhiyi Tang ◽  
Changbing Zheng ◽  
Yinzhao Zhong ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Methyl Butyrate

The present study is aimed to explore the effects of different dietary beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) levels (0, 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.15%) on liver lipid metabolism on Wenshi broiler chickens. Results showed that HMB reduced the liver weight as well as liver concentrations of triacylglycerol (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) (quadratically, p < 0.05), and the lowest values were observed in the 0.10% HMB group. Meanwhile, HMB supplementation significantly altered the expression levels of key genes related to lipid metabolism in the liver of broiler chickens (p < 0.05). Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that HMB supplementation could greatly change the richness, diversity, and composition of the broiler gut microbiota, and the Bacteroidetes relative abundance at the phylum level and the Alistipes relative abundance at the genus level were affected (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis further suggested a strong association between Bacteroidetes relative abundance and lipid metabolism-related parameters (p < 0.05). Together, these data suggest that 0.10% HMB supplementation could inhibit hepatic fat deposition via regulating gut microbiota in broilers.

scholarly journals Nuciferine modulates the gut microbiota and prevents obesity in high-fat diet-fed rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1959-1975
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Weifan Yao ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Shiyun Qian ◽  
Binbin Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractGut microbiota dysbiosis has a significant role in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including obesity. Nuciferine (NUC) is a main bioactive component in the lotus leaf that has been used as food in China since ancient times. Here, we examined whether the anti-obesity effects of NUC are related to modulations in the gut microbiota. Using an obese rat model fed a HFD for 8 weeks, we show that NUC supplementation of HFD rats prevents weight gain, reduces fat accumulation, and ameliorates lipid metabolic disorders. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiota suggested that NUC changed the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in HFD-fed rats. In particular, NUC decreased the ratio of the phyla Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, the relative abundance of the LPS-producing genus Desulfovibrio and bacteria involved in lipid metabolism, whereas it increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria in HFD-fed rats. Predicted functional analysis of microbial communities showed that NUC modified genes involved in LPS biosynthesis and lipid metabolism. In addition, serum metabolomics analysis revealed that NUC effectively improved HFD-induced disorders of endogenous metabolism, especially lipid metabolism. Notably, NUC promoted SCFA production and enhanced intestinal integrity, leading to lower blood endotoxemia to reduce inflammation in HFD-fed rats. Together, the anti-obesity effects of NUC may be related to modulations in the composition and potential function of gut microbiota, improvement in intestinal barrier integrity and prevention of chronic low-grade inflammation. This research may provide support for the application of NUC in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

scholarly journals Specific Microbial Taxa and Functional Capacity Contribute to Chicken Abdominal Fat Deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Xiang ◽  
Jiankang Gan ◽  
Daoshu Zeng ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Hui Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Early Maturation ◽  
Chicken Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat Deposition

Genetically selected chickens with better growth and early maturation show an incidental increase in abdominal fat deposition (AFD). Accumulating evidence reveals a strong association between gut microbiota and adiposity. However, studies focusing on the role of gut microbiota in chicken obesity in conventional breeds are limited. Therefore, 400 random broilers with different levels of AFD were used to investigate the gut microbial taxa related to AFD by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of 76 representative samples, and to identify the specific microbial taxa contributing to fat-related metabolism using shotgun metagenomic analyses of eight high and low AFD chickens. The results demonstrated that the richness and diversity of the gut microbiota decrease as the accumulation of chicken abdominal fat increases. The decrease of Bacteroidetes and the increase of Firmicutes were correlated with the accumulation of chicken AFD. The Bacteroidetes phylum, including the genera Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and the species, B. salanitronis, B. fragilis, and P. distasonis, were correlated to alleviate obesity by producing secondary metabolites. Several genera of Firmicutes phylum with circulating lipoprotein lipase activity were linked to the accumulation of chicken body fat. Moreover, the genera, Olsenella and Slackia, might positively contribute to fat and energy metabolism, whereas the genus, Methanobrevibacter, was possible to enhance energy capture, and associated to accumulate chicken AFD. These findings provide insights into the roles of the gut microbiota in complex traits and contribute to the development of effective therapies for the reduction of chicken fat accumulation.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome in a Russian Cohort of Pre- and Post-Cholecystectomy Female Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Irina Grigor’eva ◽  
Tatiana Romanova ◽  
Natalia Naumova ◽  
Tatiana Alikina ◽  
Alexey Kuznetsov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Before And After

The last decade saw extensive studies of the human gut microbiome and its relationship to specific diseases, including gallstone disease (GSD). The information about the gut microbiome in GSD-afflicted Russian patients is scarce, despite the increasing GSD incidence worldwide. Although the gut microbiota was described in some GSD cohorts, little is known regarding the gut microbiome before and after cholecystectomy (CCE). By using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we inventoried the fecal bacteriobiome composition and structure in GSD-afflicted females, seeking to reveal associations with age, BMI and some blood biochemistry. Overall, 11 bacterial phyla were identified, containing 916 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The fecal bacteriobiome was dominated by Firmicutes (66% relative abundance), followed by Bacteroidetes (19%), Actinobacteria (8%) and Proteobacteria (4%) phyla. Most (97%) of the OTUs were minor or rare species with ≤1% relative abundance. Prevotella and Enterocossus were linked to blood bilirubin. Some taxa had differential pre- and post-CCE abundance, despite the very short time (1–3 days) elapsed after CCE. The detailed description of the bacteriobiome in pre-CCE female patients suggests bacterial foci for further research to elucidate the gut microbiota and GSD relationship and has potentially important biological and medical implications regarding gut bacteria involvement in the increased GSD incidence rate in females.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota markers associated with obesity and overweight in Italian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Palmas ◽  
Silvia Pisanu ◽  
Veronica Madau ◽  
Emanuela Casula ◽  
Andrea Deledda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing

AbstractIn the present study, we characterized the distinctive signatures of the gut microbiota (GM) from overweight/obese patients (OB), and normal-weight controls (NW), both of Sardinian origin. Fecal bacterial composition of 46 OB patients (BMI = 36.6 ± 6.0; F/M = 40/6) was analyzed and compared to that of 46 NW subjects (BMI = 21.6 ± 2.1; F/M = 41/5), matched for sex, age and smoking status, by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing on MiSeq Illumina platform. The gut microbial community of OB patients exhibited a significant decrease in the relative abundance of several Bacteroidetes taxa (i.e. Flavobacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Sphingobacteriaceae, Flavobacterium, Rikenella spp., Pedobacter spp., Parabacteroides spp., Bacteroides spp.) when compared to NW; instead, several Firmicutes taxa were significantly increased in the same subjects (Lachnospiraceae, Gemellaceae, Paenibacillaceae, Streptococcaceae, Thermicanaceae, Gemella, Mitsuokella, Streptococcus, Acidaminococcus spp., Eubacterium spp., Ruminococcus spp., Megamonas spp., Streptococcus, Thermicanus, Megasphaera spp. and Veillonella spp.). Correlation analysis indicated that body fatness and waist circumference negatively correlated with Bacteroidetes taxa, while Firmicutes taxa positively correlated with body fat and negatively with muscle mass and/or physical activity level. Furthermore, the relative abundance of several bacterial taxa belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family, known to exhibit endotoxic activity, was increased in the OB group compared to NW. The results extend our knowledge on the GM profiles in Italian OB, identifying novel taxa linking obesity and intestine.

scholarly journals Conventional myelosuppressive chemotherapy for non-haematological malignancy disrupts the intestinal microbiome

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lito E. Papanicolas ◽  
Sarah K. Sims ◽  
Steven L. Taylor ◽  
Sophie J. Miller ◽  
Christos S. Karapetis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Conventional Chemotherapy ◽  
Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Faecal Samples

Abstract Background The gut microbiota influences many aspects of host physiology, including immune regulation, and is predictive of outcomes in cancer patients. However, whether conventional myelosuppressive chemotherapy affects the gut microbiota in humans with non-haematological malignancy, independent of antibiotic exposure, is unknown. Methods Faecal samples from 19 participants with non-haematological malignancy, who were receiving conventional chemotherapy regimens but not antibiotics, were examined prior to chemotherapy, 7–12 days after chemotherapy, and at the end of the first cycle of treatment. Gut microbiota diversity and composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Results Compared to pre-chemotherapy samples, samples collected 7–12 days following chemotherapy exhibited increased richness (mean 120 observed species ± SD 38 vs 134 ± 40; p = 0.007) and diversity (Shannon diversity: mean 6.4 ± 0.43 vs 6.6 ± 0.41; p = 0.02). Composition was significantly altered, with a significant decrease in the relative abundance of gram-positive bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes (pre-chemotherapy median relative abundance [IQR] 0.78 [0.11] vs 0.75 [0.11]; p = 0.003), and an increase in the relative abundance of gram-negative bacteria (Bacteroidetes: median [IQR] 0.16 [0.13] vs 0.21 [0.13]; p = 0.01 and Proteobacteria: 0.015 [0.018] vs 0.03 [0.03]; p = 0.02). Differences in microbiota characteristics from baseline were no longer significant at the end of the chemotherapy cycle. Conclusions Conventional chemotherapy results in significant changes in gut microbiota characteristics during the period of predicted myelosuppression post-chemotherapy. Further study is indicated to link microbiome changes during chemotherapy to clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Profiles Associated with High-Fat Diet in Mice

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Jae-Kwon Jo ◽  
Seung-Ho Seo ◽  
Seong-Eun Park ◽  
Hyun-Woo Kim ◽  
Eun-Ju Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Insight Into

Obesity can be caused by microbes producing metabolites; it is thus important to determine the correlation between gut microbes and metabolites. This study aimed to identify gut microbiota-metabolomic signatures that change with a high-fat diet and understand the underlying mechanisms. To investigate the profiles of the gut microbiota and metabolites that changed after a 60% fat diet for 8 weeks, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)-based metabolomic analyses were performed. Mice belonging to the HFD group showed a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes but an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes compared to the control group. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, such as Lactococcus, Blautia, Lachnoclostridium, Oscillibacter, Ruminiclostridium, Harryflintia, Lactobacillus, Oscillospira, and Erysipelatoclostridium, was significantly higher in the HFD group than in the control group. The increased relative abundance of Firmicutes in the HFD group was positively correlated with fecal ribose, hypoxanthine, fructose, glycolic acid, ornithine, serum inositol, tyrosine, and glycine. Metabolic pathways affected by a high fat diet on serum were involved in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and trypto-phan biosynthesis. This study provides insight into the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and metabolites altered by HFD and may help to understand the mechanisms underlying obesity mediated by gut microbiota.

scholarly journals Early-Life Stress Modulates Gut Microbiota and Peripheral and Central Inflammation in a Sex-Dependent Manner

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Jeong Park ◽  
Sang A. Kim ◽  
Won Sub Kang ◽  
Jong Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Male And Female Rats

Recent studies have reported that changes in gut microbiota composition could induce neuropsychiatric problems. In this study, we investigated alterations in gut microbiota induced by early-life stress (ELS) in rats subjected to maternal separation (MS; 6 h a day, postnatal days (PNDs) 1–21), along with changes in inflammatory cytokines and tryptophan-kynurenine (TRP-KYN) metabolism, and assessed the differences between sexes. High-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene showed that the relative abundance of the Bacteroides genus was increased and that of the Lachnospiraceae family was decreased in the feces of MS rats of both sexes (PND 56). By comparison, MS increased the relative abundance of the Streptococcus genus and decreased that of the Staphylococcus genus only in males, whereas the abundance of the Sporobacter genus was enhanced and that of the Mucispirillum genus was reduced by MS only in females. In addition, the levels of proinflammatory cytokines were increased in the colons (IFN-γ and IL-6) and sera (IL-1β) of the male MS rats, together with the elevation of the KYN/TRP ratio in the sera, but not in females. In the hippocampus, MS elevated the level of IL-1β and the KYN/TRP ratio in both male and female rats. These results indicate that MS induces peripheral and central inflammation and TRP-KYN metabolism in a sex-dependent manner, together with sex-specific changes in gut microbes.

scholarly journals Decreased Enteric Bacterial Composition and Diversity in South American Crohn’s Disease Vary With the Choice of Treatment Strategy and Time Since Diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 791-800
Author(s):  
Angélica Cruz-Lebrón ◽  
Leticia D’argenio Garcia ◽  
Aarthi Talla ◽  
Samira Joussef-Piña ◽  
Miguel E Quiñones-Mateu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Faecal Calprotectin ◽  
Time Since Diagnosis

Abstract Background and Aims The symptomology of Crohn’s disease [CD], a chronic inflammatory disease of the digestive tract, correlates poorly with clinical, endoscopic or immunological assessments of disease severity. The prevalence of CD in South America is rising, reflecting changes in socio-economic stability. Many treatment options are available to CD patients, including biological agents and corticosteroids, each of which offers variable efficacy attributed to host genetics and environmental factors associated with alterations in the gut microbiota. Methods Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing and taxonomic differences, we compared the faecal microbial population of Brazilian patients with CD treated with corticosteroid or anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF] immunotherapy. Faecal calprotectin and plasma sCD14 levels were quantified as markers for local and systemic inflammation, respectively. Results Anti-TNF treatment led to an increased relative abundance of Proteobacteria and a decreased level of Bacteroidetes. In contrast, corticoid treatment was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, which has been linked to inflammation in CD. Disruption of the faecal microbiota was related to decreased bacterial diversity and composition. Moreover, the choice of clinical regimen and time since diagnosis modulate the character of the resulting dysbiosis. Conclusions Enteric microbial populations in CD patients who have been treated are modulated by disease pathogenesis, local inflammatory microenvironment and treatment strategy. The dysbiosis that remains after anti-TNF treatment due to decreased bacterial diversity and composition abates restoration of the microbiota to a healthy state, suggesting that the identification and development of new clinical treatments for CD must include their capacity to normalize the gut microbiota.

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