scholarly journals Self-Crossing Leads to Weak Co-Variation of the Bacterial and Fungal Communities in the Rice Rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Jingjing Chang ◽  
Shaohua Shi ◽  
Lei Tian ◽  
Marcio F. A. Leite ◽  
Chunling Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Parent ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Community Dissimilarity ◽  
Microbial Community Assembly

The rhizomicrobial community is influenced by plant genotype. However, the potential differences in the co-assembly of bacterial and fungal communities between parental lines and different generations of rice progenies have not been examined. Here we compared the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizomicrobiomes of female parent Oryza rufipogon wild rice; male parent Oryza sativa cultivated rice; their F1 progeny; and the F2, F3 and F4 self-crossing generations. Our results showed that the bacterial and fungal α-diversities of the hybrid F1 and self-crossing generations (F2, F3, F4) were closer to one of the two parental lines, which may indicate a role of the parental line in the diversity of the rhizosphere microbial community assembly. Self-crossing from F1 to F4 led to weak co-variation of the bacterial and fungal communities and distinct rhizosphere microbiomes. In the parental and self-crossing progenies, the reduction of community dissimilarity was higher for the fungal community than for the bacterial community.

scholarly journals Genetic purity certificate in seeds of hybrid maize using molecular markers

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalinka Carla Padovani de Carvalho Salgado ◽  
das Graças Guimarães Carvalho Vieira ◽  
Édila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽  
Cláudia Teixeira Guimarães ◽  
Renzo Garcia Von Pinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Maize Breeding ◽  
Genetic Purity ◽  
Mendelian Segregation ◽  
Purity Analysis ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Hybrid Maize

One of the main features that confer high quality to the seed is its genetic purity, in which one of the major causes of contamination is the self-pollination of the female parent. Up to date, there is no accurate and fast methods for detecting such contamination. Thus, this work was carried out to certify the genetic purity in seeds of hybrid maize using different biochemical and DNA-based markers. Two single-cross hybrids and their parental lines derived from the maize breeding program at UFLA were evaluated by isoenzymatic pattern of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), esterase (EST), acid phosphatase (ACP), glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), 6-phosphoglucomate dehydrogenase (PGDH), catalase (CAT) and ß-glucosidade (ßGLU) and by microsatellites markers. The enzymatic systems that were able to distinguish the hybrids from their parental line were the catalase, the isocitrate dehydrogenase and the esterase. The esterase showed a Mendelian segregation pattern for UFLA 8/3 hybrid, that enables a safer genetic purity certificate. Microsatellites were able to differentiate the hybrid lines and the respective parental lines. Moreover, this technique was fast, precise and without environment effects. For microsatellites, the amplification pattern was identical when young leaves or seeds were used as DNA source. The possibility of using seeds as DNA source would accelerate and facilitate the role process of the genetic purity analysis.

The role of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) awns in seed dispersal

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Yaddehige P.J. Amarasinghe ◽  
Mitsuharu Otsuka ◽  
Sathya Lim ◽  
Ryo Ishikawa ◽  
Takashige Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Horizontal Movement ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
Functional Alleles

AbstractCultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) was domesticated from the Asian wild species O. rufipogon. Compared with cultivated rice, wild rice has spikelets/seeds with long barbed awns. In order to evaluate the role of awns in wild rice, four seed groups with different awn lengths (full, half, quarter and no awns) were prepared, and the following seed dispersal movements were investigated under simulated natural conditions as observed in the tropical Asian habitat: (1) seed detachment from the parent plant; (2) falling angle of mature seed; (3) ability to slip into small spaces; (4) horizontal movement on the ground and (5) horizontal movement in water. As a result, awns were found to enhance the detachment of matured seeds from the panicles in the initial seed dispersal step. They regulated vertical orientation in the air, and the vertical form may enable seeds to squeeze to the ground. The awned seeds also showed advantages in horizontal movements on the ground and in the water. In most of the experiments, seeds with full awns showed the best performance for seed dispersal, suggesting that wild rice keeps long awns to survive under natural conditions. Since seed awning is dominantly controlled by wild functional alleles at several loci, wild rice may be able to prevent a drastic reduction of awn length.

scholarly journals Maturation Time and Daily Grain Yield of Sorghum in the Tropics.

1969 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
H. M. Pava ◽  
A. Sotomayor-Ríos ◽  
D. E. Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Maturation Time ◽  
Female Line ◽  
Maturation Rate ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
The Tropics

Differences in maturation time and daily grain yield were sought among cultivars and hybrids of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) grown in the tropics. Seven lines were used as males in crosses with three cytoplasmic-genetic male-sterile lines to produce 21 hybrids. Formation of the black layer (SL) was used as criterion for physiologic maturity. The male-parental lines and their hybrids were evaluated for grain yield/day from planting to midbfoom (GYMS), from planting to SL formation (GYSL), and from midbloom (MS) to SL formation (GYMS-SL), and for total grain yield at SL formation (GY). When results for the hybrids of each female line were averaged over the seven male-parental lines, hybrids of the female "Redlan' were first to reach MS and BL formation, and they produced the largest GYMS and GYSL. When results for the hybrids of each male-parental line were averaged over the three female lines, hybrids of the males 6, 9, and 10 were among the first to reach MS and SL formation, and were highest in GYMS, GYSL, GYMS-SL, and GY. For individual hybrids, differences in both maturation time and GY contributed to differences in daily grain yield, but the greater influence appeared to be that of GY. However, in five of the seven sets of hybrids having a given male parent (e.g ., A4, S4, and C4), the hybrid (with Redlan in each case) that was first to reach MS produced a GYMS equal to or higher than those of the hybrids that were slower to reach MS. Also in four of the seven sets of hybrids, the hybrid (with Redlan in three cases) that was first to reach SL formation had a GYSL higher than those of the later maturing hybrids. When the male-parental lines were selfed, lines 6, 9, and 10 produced the highest GY, GYMS, GYSL, and GYMS-SL. These lines were among the five earliest. In the tropics high yield/day and rapid maturation rate may be very desirable characteristics, and the current research identified hybrids with these characteristics. Redlan seems promising as a female parent for such desirable hybrids. Males 6, 9, and 10 seem promising as parent for GY, but they have some undesirable agronomic or quality characteristics.

scholarly journals Identification of long noncoding natural antisense transcripts (lncNATs) correlated with drought stress response in wild rice (Oryza nivara)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Chao Xu ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Dong-Yan Zhang ◽  
Ying-Hui Nan ◽  
Song Ge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Cultivated Rice ◽  
Antisense Transcripts ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Antisense Transcripts ◽  
Form Complex ◽  
Oryza Nivara

Abstract Background Wild rice, including Oryza nivara and Oryza rufipogon, which are considered as the ancestors of Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), possess high genetic diversity and serve as a crucial resource for breeding novel cultivars of cultivated rice. Although many rice domestication related traits, such as seed shattering and plant architecture, have been intensively studied at the phenotypic and genomic levels, further investigation is needed to understand the molecular basis of phenotypic differences between cultivated and wild rice. Drought stress is one of the most severe abiotic stresses affecting rice growth and production. Adaptation to drought stress involves a cascade of genes and regulatory factors that form complex networks. Long noncoding natural antisense transcripts (lncNATs), a class of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), regulate the corresponding sense transcripts and play an important role in plant growth and development. However, the contribution of lncNATs to drought stress response in wild rice remains largely unknown. Results Here, we conducted strand-specific RNA sequencing (ssRNA-seq) analysis of Nipponbare (O. sativa ssp. japonica) and two O. nivara accessions (BJ89 and BJ278) to determine the role of lncNATs in drought stress response in wild rice. A total of 1,246 lncRNAs were identified, including 1,091 coding–noncoding NAT pairs, of which 50 were expressed only in Nipponbare, and 77 were expressed only in BJ89 and/or BJ278. Of the 1,091 coding–noncoding NAT pairs, 240 were differentially expressed between control and drought stress conditions. Among these 240 NAT pairs, 12 were detected only in Nipponbare, and 187 were detected uniquely in O. nivara. Furthermore, 10 of the 240 coding–noncoding NAT pairs were correlated with genes previously demonstrated to be involved in stress response; among these, nine pairs were uniquely found in O. nivara, and one pair was shared between O. nivara and Nipponbare. Conclusion We identified lncNATs associated with drought stress response in cultivated rice and O. nivara. These results will improve our understanding of the function of lncNATs in drought tolerance and accelerate rice breeding.

scholarly journals Deterministic Selection Dominates Microbial Community Assembly in Termite Mounds Across a Large Spatial Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Lin Chen ◽  
Hang-Wei Hu ◽  
Zhen-Zhen Yan ◽  
Chao-Yu Li ◽  
Bao-Anh Thi Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Stochastic Processes ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Distance Decay ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Deterministic Processes ◽  
Microbial Community Assembly

Abstract Background: Termites are ubiquitous insects in tropical and subtropical habitats, where they construct massive mounds from soil, their saliva and excreta. Termite mounds harbor an enormous amount of microbial inhabitants, which regulate multiple ecosystem functions such as mitigating methane emissions and increasing ecosystem resistance to climate change. However, we lack a mechanistic understanding about the role of termite mounds in modulating the microbial community assembly processes, which are essential to unravel the biological interactions of soil fauna and microorganisms, the major components of soil food webs. We conducted a large-scale survey across a >1500 km transect in northern Australia to investigate biogeographical patterns of bacterial and fungal community in 134 termite mounds and the relative importance of deterministic versus stochastic processes in microbial community assembly. Results: Microbial alpha (number of phylotypes) and beta (changes in bacterial and fungal community composition) significantly differed between termite mounds and surrounding soils. Microbial communities in termite mounds exhibited a significant distance-decay pattern, and fungal communities had a stronger distance-decay relationship (slope = -1.91) than bacteria (slope = -0.21). Based on the neutral community model (fitness < 0.7) and normalized stochasticity ratio index (NST) with a value below the 50% boundary point, deterministic selection, rather than stochastic forces, predominated the microbial community assembly in termite mounds. Deterministic processes exhibited significantly weaker impacts on bacteria (NST = 45.23%) than on fungi (NST = 33.72%), probably due to the wider habitat niche breadth and higher potential migration rate of bacteria. The abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was negatively correlated with bacterial/fungal biomass ratios, indicating that ARG content might be an important biotic factor that drove the biogeographic pattern of microbial communities in termite mounds. Conclusions: Deterministic processes play a more important role than stochastic processes in shaping the microbial community assembly in termite mounds, an unique habitat ubiquitously distributed in tropical and subtropical ecosystems. An improved understanding of the biogeographic patterns of microorganisms in termite mounds is crucial to decipher the role of soil faunal activities in shaping microbial community assembly, with implications for their mediated ecosystems functions and services.

scholarly journals A Culture-independent Approach to Understanding the Role of Soil Fungal Communities in Bromus tectorum Stand Failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Ricks ◽  
Taryn Williamson ◽  
Susan Meyer ◽  
John Chaston ◽  
Craig Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Culture Independent

Identifying neutral allele Sb at pollen-sterility loci in cultivated rice with Oryza rufipogon origin

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (20) ◽  
pp. 3813-3821 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeiGang Shi ◽  
XiangDong Liu ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
XingJuan Zhao ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Oryza Rufipogon ◽  
Cultivated Rice

Neuroprotective role of Curcuma amada in F1 progeny of Juvenile Danio rerio (Zebrafish) from Nickel Chloride Induced Maternal Stress in Gestationally Challenged Adult Fishes

2021 ◽  
pp. 4215-4220
Author(s):  
Sudha N ◽  
Arambakkam Janardhanam Vanisree
Keyword(s):  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Nickel Chloride ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Curcuma Amada ◽  
F1 Progeny ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Nickel chloride, a widely occurring heavy metal compound is reported to be neuro toxic to organisms. It was shown to cause detrimental behaviour and biochemical changes. However, its effect on the nervous system of offspring of the victimized organisms and the combating strategies remain unexplained. Such studies could broaden our knowledge on the detrimental effect of toxic compounds and help in developing suitable combating strategies. Purpose: To evaluate the neuroprotective role of ethyl acetate extract (EA) of Curcuma amada in the brain of F1 progeny of Danio rerio (Zebrafish) which has been gestationally exposed to neurotoxicant nickel chloride. Methods: The group distribution of the study was Group I-Control Juvenile Fish, Group II-Juvenile fish obtained from female fishes subjected to nickel chloride exposure for 50 days, Group III-Juvenile fish obtained from female fish subjected to nickel chloride exposure and co- treated with EA extract of Curcuma amada (150µg) from 30th day to 50th day, Group-IV-Juvenile fish treated with EA extract of Curcuma amada (150µg) for 50 days. Neuroprotective role of ethyl acetate extract of Curcuma amada was evaluated in the juvenile fish (F1 progeny) by performing anxiety and memory test, visualizing ultra-structural changes of juvenile brain using transmission electron microscopy and biochemical assay of membrane bound enzymes. Result: In Colour preference test, there was marked reduction in anxiety behavior in the F1 progeny of exposed fish co treated with EA extract of Curcuma amada (Group III) compared to F1 progeny of metal exposed group (Group-II). In the novel object rejection test, there was a marked improvement in the memory and learning pattern of the EA extract of Curcuma amada treated fishes (Group III) compared to F1 progeny of metal exposed group (Group-II). TEM analysis showed clumped and condensed chromatin, peripheral margination and empty mitochondria with loss of cristae and lipid droplets in Nickel exposed model (Group-II) which was found to be alleviated in EA extract of Curcuma amada co-treated group (Group-III). Altered activities of Calcium ATPases and Sodium potassium ATPases was noted in Nickel chloride exposed Group (Group-II) which however were regulated by EA extract of Curcuma amada. Conclusion: The study suggests that Curcuma amada could combat the toxic effect of nickel chloride in the juvenile fish, the progeny of the exposed adult female.

Characterization of a PC12 cell sub-clone (PC12-C41) with enhanced neurite outgrowth capacity: implications for a modulatory role of high molecular weight tau in neuritogenesis

1993 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Teng ◽  
I.S. Georgieff ◽  
J.M. Aletta ◽  
J. Nunez ◽  
M.L. Shelanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Pc12 Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Pheochromocytoma Cells ◽  
Tau Expression

To address the means by which diversity of neuronal morphology is generated, we have isolated and characterized naturally occurring variants of rat PC12 pheochromocytoma cells that exhibit altered neurite outgrowth properties in response to nerve growth factor (NGF). We describe here a PC12 cell sub-clone, designated PC12-clone 41 (PC12-C41), that displays significant increases in neurite abundance and stability when compared with the parental line. This difference does not appear to be due to an altered sensitivity or responsiveness to NGF or to a more rapid rate of neurite extension. Because of the role of the cytoskeleton in neuritogenesis, we examined a panel of the major cytoskeletal proteins (MAP 1.2/1B, beta-tubulin, chartins, peripherin, and high and low molecular weight (HMW and LMW) taus) whose levels and/or extent of phosphorylation are regulated by NGF in PC12 cultures. Although most cytoskeletal proteins showed little difference between PC12 and PC12-C41 cells (+/- NGF treatment), there was a significant contrast between the two lines with respect to tau expression. In particular, while NGF increases the total specific levels of tau in both cell types to similar extents (by about twofold), the proportion comprising HMW tau is threefold higher in the PC12-C41 clone than in PC12 cells. A comparable difference was observed under substratum conditions that were non-permissive for neurite outgrowth and so this effect was not merely a consequence of the differential neuritogenic capacities of the two lines. The distinction between the expression of HMW and LMW taus in PC12 and PC12-C41 cells (+/- NGF) was also observed at the level of the messages encoding these proteins. Such findings indicate that initiation of neurite outgrowth in PC12 cultures does not require a massive induction of tau expression and raise the possibility that HMW and LMW taus may have differential capacities for modulating neuronal morphology.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of In Vitro Responses and Regeneration between Diverse Bioenergy Sorghum Genotypes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Barry Flinn ◽  
Savanah Dale ◽  
Andrew Disharoon ◽  
Stephen Kresovich
Keyword(s):  
Plantlet Regeneration ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Response Profiles ◽  
The Common ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Better Than

Sorghum has been considered a recalcitrant plant in vitro and suffers from a lack of regeneration protocols that function broadly and efficiently across a range of genotypes. This study was initiated to identify differential genotype-in vitro protocol responses across a range of bioenergy sorghum parental lines and the common grain sorghum genotype Tx430 in order to characterize response profiles for use in future genetic studies. Two different in vitro protocols, LG and WU, were used for comparisons. Distinct genotype-protocol responses were observed, and the WU protocol performed significantly better for plantlet regeneration. Most bioenergy genotypes performed as well, if not better than Tx430, with Rio and PI329311 as the top regenerating lines. Genotypes displayed protocol-dependent, differential phenolic exudation responses, as indicated by medium browning. During the callus induction phase, genotypes prone to medium browning exhibited a response on WU medium which was either equal or greater than on LG medium. Genotype- and protocol-dependent albino plantlet regeneration was also noted, with three of the bioenergy genotypes showing albino plantlet regeneration. Grassl, Rio and Pink Kafir were susceptible to albino plantlet regeneration, with the response strongly associated with the WU protocol. These bioenergy parental genotypes, and their differential responses under two in vitro protocols, provide tools to further explore and assess the role of genetic loci, candidate genes, and allelic variants in the regulation of in vitro responsiveness in sorghum.

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