Vibrio Species in an Urban Tropical Estuary: Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Interaction with Environmental Parameters, and Possible Public Health Outcomes

The genus Vibrio comprises pathogens ubiquitous to marine environments. This study evaluated the cultivable Vibrio community in the Guanabara Bay (GB), a recreational, yet heavily polluted estuary in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Over one year, 66 water samples from three locations along a pollution gradient were investigated. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, revealing 20 Vibrio species, including several potential pathogens. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing confirmed resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams (including carbapenems and third-generation cephalosporins), fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. Four strains were producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), all of which carried beta-lactam and heavy metal resistance genes. The toxR gene was detected in all V. parahaemolyticus strains, although none carried the tdh or trh genes. Higher bacterial isolation rates occurred in months marked by higher water temperatures, lower salinities, and lower phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations. The presence of non-susceptible Vibrio spp. was related to indicators of eutrophication and sewage inflow. DNA fingerprinting analyses revealed that V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus strains non-susceptible to antimicrobials might persist in these waters throughout the year. Our findings indicate the presence of antimicrobial-resistant and potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. in a recreational environment, raising concerns about the possible risks of human exposure to these waters.

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The Impact of Water Intrusion on Pathogenic Vibrio Species to Inland Brackish Waters of China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17186781 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (18) ◽

pp. 6781

Author(s):

Qingyao Wang ◽

Songzhe Fu ◽

Qian Yang ◽

Jingwei Hao ◽

Can Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seawater Intrusion ◽

Water Area ◽

Vibrio Species ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Potential Health ◽

Probable Number ◽

Inland River ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

The Impact ◽

Vibrio Spp

The estuary is the ecological niche of pathogenic Vibrio spp. as it provides abundant organic and inorganic nutrients from seawater and rivers. However, little is known about the ecology of these Vibrio species in the inland brackish water area. In this study, their co-occurrence and relationships to key environmental constraints (salinity and temperature) in the Hun-Tai River of China were examined using the most probable number polymerase chain reaction (MPN-PCR) approach. We hereby report 2-year continuous surveillance based on six water indices of the Hun-Tai River. The results showed that seawater intrusion maximally reached inland as far as 26.5 km for the Hun-Tai River. Pathogenic Vibrio spp. were detected in 21.9% of the water samples. In particular, V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus were isolated in 10 (10.4%), 20 (20.8.5%), and 2 (2.08%) samples, respectively. All V. parahaemolyticus strains were tdh gene negative, 10% were positive for the trh gene. Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) divided V. parahaemolyticus strains into 12 sequence types (STs) for the Hun-Tai River. Five STs were respectively present in various locations along the Hun-Tai River. The PCR assay for detecting six virulence genes and Vibrio seventh pandemic island I and II revealed three genotypes in 12 V. cholerae isolates. The results of our study showed that seawater intrusion and salinity have profound effects on the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the inland river, suggesting a potential health risk associated with the waters of the Hun-Tai River used for irrigation and drinking.

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Sensitivity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi Against Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol , C8H9ClO) Antiseptic and Pine Oil Disinfectant

Jurnal Kelautan Tropis ◽

10.14710/jkt.v23i3.9126 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 381-387

Author(s):

Subagiyo Subagiyo ◽

Ervia Yudiati ◽

Nuril Azhar ◽

Rabia Alghazeer

Keyword(s):

Active Compound ◽

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Vibrio Species ◽

Disk Diffusion ◽

Shrimp Pond ◽

Pine Oil ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Agar Media ◽

Vibrio Spp

Vibrio spp. genus is known as a marine indigeneous bacteria. Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi are pathogenic Vibrio. This study aims to assess the sensitivity of three Vibrio species (V parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. harveyi) isolated from shrimp pond against two type of disinfectant with different active compound namely Chloroxylenol (4-Chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, C8H9ClO) and pine oil. The assessment was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods in Zobell agar media with two different concentration (10 and 100 ppm) and replicated in three times. Sensitivity of Vibrio spp. was analized based on the inhibition zone activity produced by disinfectant. Results showed that sensitivity of Vibrio spp. against disinfectant Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm were higher than 10 ppm. The increment of V parahaemolyticus was 182 %, V. vulnificus was 47 % and V. harveyi was 43 %, respectively. Susceptibility of antiseptic with Chloroxylenol 4.8% at 100 ppm was arised to 152 % (V. parahaemolyticus), 43 % (V. vulnificus) and 31 % (V. harveyi) when compared to 2.5% pine oil disinfectant. It can be concluded that Chloroxylenol 4,8 % active compound and pine oil were able to inhibit the Vibrio spp. growth.

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Comparative Genomics of Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio spp. of Colombia: Implications of Traits Associated with Virulence and Resistance

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10121605 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1605

Author(s):

Alejandra Pérez-Duque ◽

Andrea Gonzalez-Muñoz ◽

Jorge Arboleda-Valencia ◽

Lizbeth Janet Vivas-Aguas ◽

Tania Córdoba-Meza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Virulence Gene ◽

Vibrio Species ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Surveillance Program ◽

Genomic Information ◽

Environmental Isolates ◽

Important Species ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Routine Surveillance ◽

Vibrio Spp

There is widespread concern about the increase in cases of human and animal infections caused by pathogenic Vibrio species due to the emergence of epidemic lineages. In Colombia, active surveillance by the National Institute of Health (INS) has confirmed the presence of Vibrio; however, in routine surveillance, these isolates are not genomically characterized. This study focused on the pangenome analysis of six Vibrio species: V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. diabolicus and V. furnissii to determine the genetic architectures of potentially virulent and antimicrobial resistance traits. Isolates from environmental and clinical samples were genome sequenced, assembled and annotated. The most important species in public health were further characterized by multilocus sequence typing and phylogenomics. For V. parahaemolyticus, we found the virulent ST3 and ST120 genotypes. For V. vulnificus, we identified isolates belonging to lineages 1 and 2. Virulence gene homologues between species were found even in non-pathogenic species such as V. diabolicus. Annotations related to the mobilome, integrative mobile and conjugative elements and resistance genes were obtained from environmental and clinical isolates. This study contributes genomic information to the intensified surveillance program implemented by the INS to establish potential sources of vibriosis in Colombia.

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Environmental parameters associated with incidence and transmission of pathogenic Vibrio spp .

Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1111/1462-2920.15716 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kyle D. Brumfield ◽

Moiz Usmani ◽

Kristine M. Chen ◽

Mayank Gangwar ◽

Antarpreet S. Jutla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Parameters ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Vibrio Spp

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Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiles and virulence genes of Vibrio spp. isolated from shrimp retails in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam)

The Journal of Agriculture and Development ◽

10.52997/jad.5.03.2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (03) ◽

pp. 27-34

Author(s):

Trinh N. T. Huynh

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Common Species ◽

Vibrio Species ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Food Borne ◽

Food Quality And Safety ◽

Vibrio Spp

This study was conducted to determine the diversity of pathogenic Vibrio species, the antimicrobial resistance profile and the presence of virulence genes linked to food-borne pathogens of Vibrio spp. isolated from shrimp samples in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A total of 40 raw shrimp batches were collected from retails markets (supermarket and street). All 133 test strains were isolated from 40 shrimp samples. V. parahaemolyticus was the most common species (87.5%), followed by V. navarrensis (60%), V. alginolyticus (52.5%), V. cholerae non-O1 (37.5%), V. vulnificus (22.5%), and V. fluvialis (10%). Vibrio spp. isolates were susceptible to 12 antimicrobial agents. The prevalence of ampicillin resistance was highest (82.7%), followed by cotrimoxazole (18.8%) and 3rd generation cephalosporins (16.5% cefotaxime and 8.3% ceftazidime). Extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) activity was detected in 28.1% V. parahaemolyticus isolates. None of tdh or trh virulence genes were detected. The results of this study indicated the presentation of Vibrio species in shrimp samples purchased in Ho Chi Minh City. Therefore, our results could be of great potential for the identification of Vibrio infection in shrimp samples taken from different regions to improve food quality and safety.

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Current perspectives on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of clinically significant Vibrio spp.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews ◽

10.1128/cmr.1.3.245 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 245-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 237

Author(s):

J M Janda ◽

C Powers ◽

R G Bryant ◽

S L Abbott

Keyword(s):

Clinical History ◽

Vibrio Species ◽

Human Pathogens ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Virulence Potential ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Common Clinical Presentation ◽

Vibrio Cholerae O1 ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Vibrio Spp

Recent taxonomic advances have now implicated several different Vibrio species as human pathogens. While the most common clinical presentation of Vibrio infection continues to be gastroenteritis, an increasing number of extraintestinal infections are being reported, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Detection of Vibrio infections requires a good clinical history and the use of appropriate isolation and identification procedures by the laboratory to confirm illnesses attributed to Vibrio species. Except for Vibrio cholerae O1 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, there is little direct evidence linking the production of a myriad of cell-associated or extracellular factors produced by each species with human disease and pathogenesis. Many questions regarding pathogenic Vibrio species remain unanswered, including their frequency and distribution in environmental specimens (water, shellfish), infective doses, virulence potential of individual isolates, and markers associated with such strains.

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Coastal Microbiomes Reveal Associations between Pathogenic Vibrio Species, Environmental Factors, and Planktonic Communities

10.21203/rs.3.rs-100087/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rachel E. Diner ◽

Drishti Kaul ◽

Ariel Rabines ◽

Hong Zheng ◽

Joshua A Steele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Human Infection ◽

Vibrio Species ◽

Model Systems ◽

Laboratory Model ◽

Environmental Preferences ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Vibrio Spp

Abstract Background Many species of coastal Vibrio spp. bacteria can infect humans, representing an emerging health threat linked to increasing seawater temperatures. Vibrio interactions with the planktonic community impact coastal ecology and human infection potential. In particular, interactions with eukaryotic and photosynthetic organism may provide attachment substrate and critical nutrients (e.g. chitin, phytoplankton exudates) that facilitate the persistence, diversification, and spread of pathogenic Vibrio spp.. Vibrio interactions with these organisms in an environmental context are, however, poorly understood. Results After quantifying pathogenic Vibrio species, including V. cholerae , V. parahaemolyticus , and V. vulnificus, over one year at 5 sites, we found that all three species reached high abundances, particularly during Summer months, and exhibited species-specific temperature and salinity distributions. Using metabarcoding we established a detailed profile of the both prokaryotic and eukaryotic coastal microbial communities, finding that pathogenic species were frequently associated with specific ASVs of chitin-producing eukaryotes such as diatoms and copepods. Furthermore, environmental variables had a significant effect not only on pathogenic Vibrio species but entire microbial communities, suggesting in some cases shared environmental preferences. Several significant ASV-level associations were revealed, indicating that commonly used broad taxonomic classifications (e.g. based on microbial class or Vibrio as a genus) likely mask ecologically important interactions. Shotgun metagenomic analyses revealed diverse vibrio communities that harbored additional potential vibrio pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes, and genes associated with virulence. Conclusions Taken together, this data shows that abundant pathogenic Vibrio species likely containing both antibiotic resistance and virulence-associated genes are associated with chitin producing organisms which could act as an attachment substrate, facilitating environmental persistence and horizontal gene transfer. Shared environmental conditions such as high temperatures were associated with both high levels of pathogenic vibrios and potential environmental reservoirs, which should be taken into consideration when modelling vibrio infection risk in the face of climate change and identifying biomarkers of pathogen species. Furthermore, ASV-level associations may be critical to understanding vibrio microbial ecology and should be taken into consideration while developing environmentally relevant laboratory model systems.

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Benthic ecology of Vibrio spp. and pathogenic Vibrio species in a coastal Mediterranean environment (La Spezia Gulf, Italy)

Microbial Ecology ◽

10.1007/s00248-009-9542-8 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 808-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Luigi Vezzulli ◽

◽

Elisabetta Pezzati ◽

Mariapaola Moreno ◽

Mauro Fabiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Species ◽

Benthic Ecology ◽

Mediterranean Environment ◽

Pathogenic Vibrio ◽

Vibrio Spp

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DNA Sequence and Comparative Genomics of pAPEC-O2-R, an Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Transmissible R Plasmid

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.49.11.4681-4688.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 49 (11) ◽

pp. 4681-4688 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Timothy J. Johnson ◽

Kylie E. Siek ◽

Sara J. Johnson ◽

Lisa K. Nolan

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Class 1 Integron ◽

E Coli ◽

Serovar Typhimurium ◽

Class 1

ABSTRACT In this study, a 101-kb IncF plasmid from an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) strain (APEC O2) was sequenced and analyzed, providing the first completed APEC plasmid sequence. This plasmid, pAPEC-O2-R, has functional transfer and antimicrobial resistance-encoding regions. The resistance-encoding region encodes resistance to eight groups of antimicrobial agents, including silver and other heavy metals, quaternary ammonium compounds, tetracycline, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, and beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. This region of the plasmid is unique among previously described IncF plasmids in that it possesses a class 1 integron that harbors three gene cassettes and a heavy metal resistance operon. This region spans 33 kb and is flanked by the RepFII plasmid replicon and an assortment of plasmid maintenance genes. pAPEC-O2-R also contains a 32-kb transfer region that is nearly identical to that found in the E. coli F plasmid, rendering it transferable by conjugation to plasmid-less strains of bacteria, including an APEC strain, a fecal E. coli strain from an apparently healthy bird, a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain, and a uropathogenic E. coli strain from humans. Differences in the G+C contents of individual open reading frames suggest that various regions of pAPEC-O2-R had dissimilar origins. The presence of pAPEC-O2-R-like plasmids that encode resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents and that are readily transmissible from APEC to other bacteria suggests the possibility that such plasmids may serve as a reservoir of resistance genes for other bacteria of animal and human health significance.

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Comparative Genomic Analysis of 450 Strains of Salmonella enterica Isolated from Diseased Animals

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11091025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1025

Author(s):

Shaohua Zhao ◽

Cong Li ◽

Chih-Hao Hsu ◽

Gregory H. Tyson ◽

Errol Strain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Genomic Analysis ◽

Heavy Metal Resistance ◽

Metal Resistance ◽

Comparative Genomic ◽

Salmonella Infections ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands ◽

Shed Light

Salmonella is a leading cause of bacterial infections in animals and humans. We sequenced a collection of 450 Salmonella strains from diseased animals to better understand the genetic makeup of their virulence and resistance features. The presence of Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPIs) varied by serotype. S. Enteritidis carried the most SPIs (n = 15), while S. Mbandaka, S. Cerro, S. Meleagridis, and S. Havana carried the least (n = 10). S. Typhimurium, S. Choleraesuis, S. I 4,5,12:i:-, and S. Enteritidis each contained the spv operon on IncFII or IncFII-IncFIB hybrid plasmids. Two S. IIIa carried a spv operon with spvD deletion on the chromosome. Twelve plasmid types including 24 hybrid plasmids were identified. IncA/C was frequently associated with S. Newport (83%) and S. Agona (100%) from bovine, whereas IncFII (100%), IncFIB (100%), and IncQ1 (94%) were seen in S. Choleraesuis from swine. IncX (100%) was detected in all S. Kentucky from chicken. A total of 60 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), four disinfectant resistances genes (DRGs) and 33 heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) were identified. The Salmonella strains from sick animals contained various SPIs, resistance genes and plasmid types based on the serotype and source of the isolates. Such complicated genomic structures shed light on the strain characteristics contributing to the severity of disease and treatment failures in Salmonella infections, including those causing illnesses in animals.

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