scholarly journals Differentiation of Trace Metal Contamination Level between Different Urban Functional Zones in Permafrost Affected Soils (the Example of Several Cities in the Yamal Region, Russian Arctic)

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Timur Nizamutdinov ◽  
Eugenia Morgun ◽  
Alexandr Pechkin ◽  
Jakub Kostecki ◽  
Andrzej Greinert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Pi Index ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sandy Sediments

Dynamically developing urbanization causes a number of environmental effects, including those related to the chemical transformation of soils. Relatively less information about the urban areas of the Arctic and Subarctic zones, constructed mostly on permafrost and intensively populated areas can be found. By the example of the analysis of basic soil properties and concentrations of trace metals in the soils of the cities of Salekhard, Urengoy, Nadym, Novy Urengoy and Gaz Sale (the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District), as well as various functional zones within the cities, the relationship between the age of the cities, the level of anthropogenic pressure and the type of parent materials and the character of accumulation of metals in the soil profile of urban soils have been described. The direct correlation was found between the content of Pb, Cr, Ni, As and soil sorption characteristics. In young cities built on sandy sediments, there is less accumulation of heavy metals in the topsoil horizons. Relatively higher concentrations of Cu and Cd were noted in soils of industrialized cities, regardless of functional zones. The higher content of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Pb has been registered in older zones also frequently used for residential purposes. The calculated values of the PI index for some functional zones of young cities show the medium and high content of heavy metals. The analysis of Igeo and PLI indices shows a large diversity both in relation to individual cities and their functional zones. Soil quality, in spite of the high level of anthropogenic load, was assessed as mostly satisfactory.

scholarly journals Seasonal dynamics of cadmium and plumbum in the Turia and Pripyat rivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 540-546
Author(s):  
Halyna Humeniuk ◽  
Olena Voloshyn ◽  
Volodymyr Voloshyn
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
High Level

The anthropogenic pressure on aquatic ecosystems leads to a significant transformation of their quantitative and qualitative composition. Many rivers of Ukraine are polluted. The object of research was the surface waters of the rivers Pripyat and Turiya (Volyn region, Ukraine). Analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of toxicants (Cd, Pb) showed that the waters of the rivers have high level of pollution. A negative phenomenon in the studied reservoirs is a significant excess of concentrations of heavy metals: lead in 118 times and cadmium in 110 times in August.

scholarly journals Assessment of ecological comfort of soils of urban ecosystems under the influence of heavy metals on them

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Nikolay P. Nevedrov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Ecosystems ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Key Sites

Assessment of the ecological state of environmental components in urban areas plays an important role in achieving environmental safety and environmental comfort for human habitation and economic activities. A comprehensive index of ecological comfort of soils polluted by heavy metals is presented and tested. The index is calculated by the ratio of the total impact of heavy metals (HM) on soils, plants, and soil biota to the sum of indicators of environmental sustainability of soils to this effect and the ability of soils to prevent HM pollution in nearby territories. The scale for ecological regulation and ecological comfort of urban ecosystem soils is proposed. It was noted that 42.8% of the soils of the studied key sites located in the sanitary-protective and recreational zones are environmentally comfortable, while 57.2% of the soils of the industrial, residential and sanitary-protective functional zones of the city are not considered to be ecologically comfortable.

scholarly journals Heavy Metals in Organs and Tissues of Silver X Bigheads Carp Hybrid as Indices of Anthropogenic Pressure in Areas with a High Level of Urbanization

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Alina A. Makarenko ◽  
Petr G. Shevchenko ◽  
Iryna S. Kononenko ◽  
Vadym M. Kondratyk ◽  
Dmytro S. Khrystenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
High Level

The growth of man-caused load on natural objects, including surface waters, gave impetus to the studying for issue of water pollution in Ukraine by various pollutants. Especially relevant for us are the studies of fishery reservoirs as a direct environment for growing quality aquaculture products. Among the toxic compounds contained in reservoirs, one of the first places is occupied by heavy metals. On the one hand, heavy metals, as pollutants in natural waters, pose a great danger because even in relatively small concentrations they can adversely affect aquatic organisms. On the other hand, in microquantities most heavy metals (except mercury, cadmium and lead) are a natural and even essential component of living cells of aquatic organisms, including fish [17,19].Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Pb, Co, Ni, Cd in the organs and tissues of the bighead carphybrid form, which was cultivated in ponds from highly urbanized territory, are distributed heterogeneously and their level of content depends not only on the physical and chemical characteristics of the aquatic environment or this heavy metals biochemical activities force in fish organisms, but also on functional features of concrete organs and tissues of the latter. Results of our investigations showed that above mentioned heavy metals were characterised by high levels of content in the organs and tissues of hybrid silver x bigheadcarp. Highest content in organism of hybrid are lead, cobalt, and cadmium. Highest concentration of heavy metals in our investigations was recorded in gills, because it is the first defence line of fish organism from environmental pollutants.

scholarly journals Introduction of Syringa species in Akmola region

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Gulnar Aidarkhanova ◽  
◽  
Bardat Imasheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Introduced Plants ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
High Level

The article discusses the issues of monitoring of the lilacs species (Syringa) that could be introduced in the green spaces of the Akmola region and the cities of Central Kazakhstan. This study presents the data on the biodiversity of perspective tree species and shrubs that could be used for landscaping of urban areas; a brief history of their introduction is published. In the course of the study, the authors proposed a methodology for monitoring lilac species selected for introduction from the Republic of China that were planted in 2015 (Amur lilac (Syrínga amurénsis), oblata lilac (S. oblata), fluffy lilac (S. pubescens), Beijing lilac (S. pekinensis)). Their seedling survival were 50.0 %; 86.4 %; 23.3 %; 71.7 %. Among these species, S. oblata (86.4 %) and S. pekinensis (71.7 %) were the most adapted on the territory of the Akmola region by the summer of 2019. The activity of photosynthesis was determined as an assessment for the intensity of physiological and biochemical parameters in introduced plants. Significantly lower photosynthetic activity was detected in S. oblata (0.75 μg / g); however, it was increased in all three species of lilacs (0.78 μg / g). Measuring heavy metal content in studied species, we detected up to 2.5 times higher concentration of cadmium and lead in the leaves of S. amurénsis comparing to others. Amur lilac accumulates a very high level of iron (3833.69 μg / g), which is 13 times higher than the maximum permitted concentration (MPC). The concentration of copper in the leaves of S. oblata is 1.1 times higher than the MPC. The amount of zinc is approximately the same in all studied plant samples and the values do not exceed the MPC. It was observed that Cu and Fe accumulate in lilac leaves more than permitted according to MPC. S. amurénsis has high accumulating properties, as it has been shown that it intensively absorbs the most toxic heavy metals. According to research findings, it has been shown that heavy metals accumulate in different concentrations in each species of lilac. The accumulation of heavy metals in lilac plants occurs selectively, depending on the species.

The Content and Contamination Characteristic of Heavy Metals in Road Greenbelt Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 522-524 ◽  
pp. 758-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Xia Du ◽  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Xue Bai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Contamination Degree ◽  
Functional Zones ◽  
Contamination Levels

To identify the concentration of heavy metals in greenbelt soils of urban road in different functional zones, 0-15cm and 15-30cm soils were collected from south suburbs of Xian City. The concentrations of Cr, Pb, and Cu were determined and contamination level were assessed using single pollution index and geoaccumulation index. The results indicated that the highest contamination level was dominated by Pb and Cu. In addition, Pb was accumulated in 0-15cm soils especially, and the concentrations of three heavy metals in 0-15cm were higher than those in 15-30cm. The geoaccumulation index indicated that the contamination levels of these heavy metals in descending order was industrial area, busy roads, commercial areas, and park areas. The highest contamination degree of heavy metals were dominated by Cu, followed by Pb , which have correlation with industrial activities and traffic transport, while no Cr polluted.

The phytoextraction potential of selected vegetable plants on Kosovo contaminated soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodoro Miano ◽  
Hana Voca ◽  
Lea Piscitelli ◽  
Anna Daniela Malerba ◽  
Donato Mondelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
High Level

<p>Mining activities generate a great deal of particulate emissions and waste slag enriched in heavy metals that contaminate the surrounding, that is soil, water and air. Such effects are particularly serious and pose a severe ecological and human health risk, mainly if smelters are located in the proximity of urban areas. This is the case regarding the Kosovo, where from the 1930s the British company "Seltrust" founded Trepca Mining & Metallurgical Complex, causing a high level of pollution especially in the area of Mitrovicë, northern Kosovo. Two soils, A and B, have been sampled from two different sites in Mitrovicë municipality, showing a total content of Pb and Zn, respectively, of 2153 and 3087 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>, and 3214 and 4619 mg kg<sup>-1</sup>. A pot experiment was carried out aiming to understand the phytoremediation potential of two selected non-food crops (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench and Brassica napus cv. Westar) chosen for their economic importance and heavy metal accumulation capacities. Sorghum and canola plants were cultivated in polluted soils A and B. For both plant species, the accumulation of heavy metals proved to be higher in the roots. Indeed, in order to obtain an adequate phytoextraction, it is required that the metals be moved to the epigeal part of the plants, and plants with bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values < 1 are not considered suitable for phytoextraction. The results obtained in this study indicate that, although canola was quite effective in translocating metals from roots to aerial parts, both sorghum and canola are not suitable for phytoextraction since their coefficient values were < 1. Anyway, both plants, especially canola ones, grew up in presence of high level of Pb and Zn pollution, thus they could be used for phytostabilisation process. Actually, the Tolerance Index (TI) values of the sorghum and canola clearly suggest, under the experimental conditions used in this study, a better performance of the canola in tolerating the presence of Pb and Zn in the soil, even if in soil B was not found the same efficiency shown by the same plants grown in soil A. Probably, since soil B has an absolute higher content of Pb and Zn and a lower pH, the availability of both metals is slightly higher, which may have induced in the plants that grow there a more intense condition of stress. This study shows that canola, unlike sorghum, can be an ideal choice for phytostabilization, and its breeding can represent an effective alternative to food crop. </p>

Metals Removal and Recovery by Arthrobacter sp. Biomass

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (9-11) ◽  
pp. 2149-2152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Grappelli ◽  
L. Campanella ◽  
E. Cardarelli ◽  
F. Mazzei ◽  
M. Cordatore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Real Possibility ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Metal Capture ◽  
Accumulation Of Metals ◽  
Removal And Recovery

Experiments on the real possibility of employing microorganisms to capture inorganic polluting substances, mainly heavy metals from urban and industrial wastes, are running using bacteria biomass. Many strains of Arthrobacter spp., gram-negative bacteria, diffused in the soil also inacondition of environmental stresses, have been proved to be particulary effective in heavy metal capture (Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Zn). The active and passive processes in accumulation of metals by bacteria were studied. Our experiments have been done on fluid biomass and on a membrane both for practical use and for an easy recovery.

scholarly journals Patterns of Alcohol Consumption in the PURE Poland Cohort Study and Their Relationship with Health Problems

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4185
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Zatońska ◽  
Piotr Psikus ◽  
Alicja Basiak-Rasała ◽  
Zuzanna Stępnicka ◽  
Maria Wołyniec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
High Level

(1) Background: Alcohol is a leading risk factor of premature morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of alcohol consumption in the PURE Poland cohort study baseline. (2) Methods: A Polish cohort was enrolled in the baseline study in 2007–2010. The study group consisted of 2021 adult participants of urban and rural areas from the Lower Silesia voivodeship in Poland (747 men and 1274 women). (3) Results: In the overall study population, 67.3% were current drinkers, 10.3% were former drinkers, and 22.4% were abstainers. Current use of alcohol products was more prevalent in men (77.2%), people living in urban areas (73.0%), and people with a higher level of education (78.0%). The percentage of current drinkers decreased with increasing age (from 73.4% in 30- to 44-year-olds to 48.8% in participants aged 64 and more). The majority of participants (89.2%) declared a low level of alcohol intake. The chance of high level of intake of alcohol was four times higher in men than in women (OR 4.17; CI 1.64–10.6). The majority of participants (54.6%) declared most frequent consumption of low-alcohol drinks (beer, wine) and 21% declared most frequent consumption of spirits. Current drinkers had almost 1.5-fold higher odds of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than never drinkers (OR 1.49, CI 1.03–2.17; OR 1.66, CI 1.27–2.18, respectively). Former drinkers had higher odds for hypertension and CVD than never drinkers (1.73, CI 1.05–2.85; OR 1.76, CI 1.22–2.53, respectively). (4) Conclusions: In our cohort study, we observed several socio-demographic factors differentiating the patterns of alcohol consumption. The preventive programs should focus predominantly on men, people aged <45 years, and those with a higher level of education.

scholarly journals Analysis of Occlusion Effects for Map-Based Self-Localization in Urban Areas

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5196
Author(s):  
Yuki Endo ◽  
Ehsan Javanmardi ◽  
Shunsuke Kamijo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Average Error ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Geometrical Structures ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Localization Errors ◽  
Stable Estimation ◽  
High Level

A high-definition (HD) map provides structural information for map-based self-localization, enabling stable estimation in real environments. In urban areas, there are many obstacles, such as buses, that occlude sensor observations, resulting in self-localization errors. However, most of the existing HD map-based self-localization evaluations do not consider sudden significant errors due to obstacles. Instead, they evaluate this in terms of average error over estimated trajectories in an environment with few occlusions. This study evaluated the effects of self-localization estimation on occlusion with synthetically generated obstacles in a real environment. Various patterns of synthetic occlusion enabled the analyses of the effects of self-localization error from various angles. Our experiments showed various characteristics that locations susceptible to obstacles have. For example, we found that occlusion in intersections tends to increase self-localization errors. In addition, we analyzed the geometrical structures of a surrounding environment in high-level error cases and low-level error cases with occlusions. As a result, we suggested the concept that the real environment should have to achieve robust self-localization under occlusion conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document