Supergene Copper and the Ancient Mining Landscapes of the Atacama Desert: Refining the Protocol for the Study of Archaeological Copper Minerals through the Case Study of Pukara de Turi

Northern Chile is home to the world’s largest copper ore deposits, which have been exploited for thousands of years by different groups, at varying scales and for different purposes. In this context, it is important to develop new protocols to characterise the mineralogical variability of archaeological copper ores. A comprehensive and representative methodology in the analysis of minerals, the application of non-destructive analytical techniques, and the combination of insights from geological, archaeological and local knowledge are key to developing a copper mineral repository of the Atacama Desert area. Geochemical analyses were applied to the study of 568 samples from the archaeological site Pukara de Turi, with different techniques such as micro-XRF, XRD, QEMSCAN, Raman spectroscopy and technological studies. This exhaustive analysis allowed for the recognition of two mineralogical associations: atacamite/brochantite (99%) and azurite/chrysocolla (1%). The study of various minerals allows data to be interpreted more reliably and to trace the likely geological sources of these minerals. The azurite/chrysocolla samples appear to belong to the same mineral association found in the Cerro Verde district, which is probably the source of these samples. The atacamite/brochantite samples appear to come from more than one geological source, including, but not limited to, Chuquicamata-Radomiro Tomic and El Abra-Conchi.

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The Effect of Fire on Building Materials: The Case-Study of the Varnakova Monastery Cells in Central Greece

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage2020080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1233-1259 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ekaterini T. Delegou ◽

Maria Apostolopoulou ◽

Ioanna Ntoutsi ◽

Marina Thoma ◽

Vasileios Keramidas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Virgin Mary ◽

Diagnostic Study ◽

Materials Used ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Non Destructive Techniques

The evaluation of the fire impact on building materials is of great scientific and socio-economic importance since fire can result in materials’ chemical and mechanical alterations, which leads to structural stability problems of historical and/or modern construction. This highly increases the cost of rehabilitation interventions. The case study of the Byzantine Monastery of Panagia (Virgin Mary) Varnakova is an example of the fire effect on both historical and newer stone masonries. The Varnakova Monastery is a typical 19th century monastic complex and, during its long history, it has undergone multiple reconstructions after major catastrophic events that have taken place due to its strategic geographical position and its financial and spiritual significance for the region. The last big-scale renovation of the Monastery was conducted between the years 1992 to 2014. However, in January 2017, a devastating fire destroyed the largest part of the monastic cells’ quarter. In this work, a diagnostic study of the different construction phases’ materials comprising the masonries of the monastery cells in their present state is presented. The examination of a series of samples through analytical techniques, such as optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and total immersion tests, along with the use of non-destructive techniques in situ, such as Infra Red Thermography, Digital Microscopy, and Schmidt Hammer Rebound tests, shed light on the preservation state and on the decay of the diverse building materials. In addition, the impact of the fire on their properties was investigated. The results reveal the diversity of the materials used in the historical masonries throughout the centuries, while the combination of analytical and non-destructive techniques demonstrates the damages induced by the fire.

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An analysis the effects of changes in price of metal and operating costs to the profit in exploitation the copper ore deposits, a case study: Copper mine Majdanpek, Serbia

Mining and Metallurgy Engineering Bor ◽

10.5937/mmeb1704051k ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 51-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Daniel Kržanović ◽

Milenko Ljubojev ◽

Ivana Jovanović ◽

Nenad Vušović

Keyword(s):

Ore Deposits ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Copper Ore ◽

Copper Mine

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Transitioning Business for a Circular Economy

Conference Proceedings of the Academy for Design Innovation Management ◽

10.33114/adim.2019.c05.137 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Susan EVANS

Keyword(s):

Professional Practice ◽

Circular Economy ◽

Radical Change ◽

Virtual Space ◽

Professional Experience ◽

Operational Model ◽

New Vision ◽

To Come ◽

Space Requirements

This case study explores the strategic business opportunities, for Lane Crawford, an iconic luxury department store, to transition in a circular economy towards sustainability. A new experimentation framework was developed and conducted among cross departmental employees, during a Design Lab, with intention to co-create novel Circular Economy business concepts towards a new vision: the later was a reframe of the old system based on the principles of sustainability; to move beyond a linear operational model towards a circular economy that can contribute to a regenerative society. This work draws on both academic and professional experience and was conducted through professional practice. It was found that innovative co-created concepts, output from the Design Lab, can create radical change in a circular economy that is holistically beneficial and financially viable; looking forward to extract greater value a)Internal organization requires remodeling to transform towards a circular economy; b)Requirement for more horizonal teams across departments vs solely vertical; c)New language and relationships are required to be able to transition towards a circular economy; d)Some form of physical and virtual space requirements, for cross-disciplinary teams to come together to co-create; e)Ability to iterate, learn and evolve requires agency across the business

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Metal-Organic Frameworks vs. Buffers: Case Study of UiO-66 Stability

10.26434/chemrxiv.12588269.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Bůžek ◽

Slavomír Adamec ◽

Kamil Lang ◽

Jan Demel

Keyword(s):

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Buffer Capacity ◽

Metal Organic Framework ◽

Metal Organic Frameworks ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Aqueous Dispersions ◽

Inductively Coupled ◽

Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽

Metal Organic

<div><p>UiO-66 is a zirconium-based metal-organic framework (MOF) that has numerous applications. Our group recently determined that UiO-66 is not as inert in aqueous dispersions as previously reported in the literature. The present work therefore assessed the behaviour of UiO-66 in buffers: 2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (TRIS), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethane sulfonic acid (HEPES), N-ethylmorpholine (NEM) and phosphate buffer (PB), all of which are commonly used in many UiO-66 applications. High pressure liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to monitor degradation of the MOF. In each buffer, the terephthalate linker was released to some extent, with a more pronounced leaching effect in the saline forms of these buffers. The HEPES buffer was found to be the most benign, whereas NEM and PB should be avoided at any concentration as they were shown to rapidly degrade the UiO-66 framework. Low concentration TRIS buffers are also recommended, although these offer minimal buffer capacity to adjust pH. Regardless of the buffer used, rapid terephthalate release was observed, indicating that the UiO-66 was attacked immediately after mixing with the buffer. In addition, the dissolution of zirconium, observed in some cases, intensified the UiO-66 decomposition process. These results demonstrate that sensitive analytical techniques have to be used to monitor the release of MOF components so as to quantify the stabilities of these materials in liquid environments.</p></div>

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Failure Analysis Case Study of a 1.5 Meter Space Flex Harness

ISTFA 2017: Conference Proceedings from the 43rd International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2017p0631 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Erick Kim ◽

Kamjou Mansour ◽

Gil Garteiz ◽

Javeck Verdugo ◽

Ryan Ross ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Failure Analysis ◽

Failure Modes ◽

Field Of View ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

Air Stream ◽

Novel Method ◽

Temperature Controlled ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Failure Site

Abstract This paper presents the failure analysis on a 1.5m flex harness for a space flight instrument that exhibited two failure modes: global isolation resistances between all adjacent traces measured tens of milliohm and lower resistance on the order of 1 kiloohm was observed on several pins. It shows a novel method using a temperature controlled air stream while monitoring isolation resistance to identify a general area of interest of a low isolation resistance failure. The paper explains how isolation resistance measurements were taken and details the steps taken in both destructive and non-destructive analyses. In theory, infrared hotspot could have been completed along the length of the flex harness to locate the failure site. However, with a field of view of approximately 5 x 5 cm, this technique would have been time prohibitive.

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X-Ray Tomography for Electronic Packages

ISTFA 2000: Conference Proceedings from the 26th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2000p0049 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Deepak Goyal

Keyword(s):

3D Imaging ◽

Development Time ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Electronic Packages ◽

X Ray ◽

Imaging Capability ◽

Imaging Results ◽

Key Drivers ◽

Analytical Tools ◽

Non Destructive

Abstract Next generation assembly/package development challenges are primarily increased interconnect complexity and density with ever shorter development time. The results of this trend present some distinct challenges for the analytical tools/techniques to support this technical roadmap. The key challenge in the analytical tools/techniques is the development of non-destructive imaging for improved time to information. This paper will present the key drivers for the non-destructive imaging, results of literature search and evaluation of key analytical techniques currently available. Based on these studies requirements of a 3D imaging capability will be discussed. Critical breakthroughs required for development of such a capability are also summarized.

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Food Bioactive Compounds and Emerging Techniques for Their Extraction: Polyphenols as a Case Study

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10010037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

José S. Câmara ◽

Bianca R. Albuquerque ◽

Joselin Aguiar ◽

Rúbia C. G. Corrêa ◽

João L. Gonçalves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Chemical Structure ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Convincing Evidence ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Biological Impact ◽

Preventive Effects

Experimental studies have provided convincing evidence that food bioactive compounds (FBCs) have a positive biological impact on human health, exerting protective effects against non-communicable diseases (NCD) including cancer and cardiovascular (CVDs), metabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). These benefits have been associated with the presence of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols, glucosinolates, carotenoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, vitamins, and fibres, among others, derived from their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, cardioprotective, and vasodilator properties. Polyphenols as one of the most abundant classes of bioactive compounds present in plant-based foods emerge as a promising approach for the development of efficacious preventive agents against NCDs with reduced side effects. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive and deep insights into the potential of polyphenols, from their chemical structure classification and biosynthesis to preventive effects on NCDs, namely cancer, CVDs, and NDDS. The challenge of polyphenols bioavailability and bioaccessibility will be explored in addition to useful industrial and environmental applications. Advanced and emerging extraction techniques will be highlighted and the high-resolution analytical techniques used for FBCs characterization, identification, and quantification will be considered.

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