scholarly journals Mammalian Arginase Inhibitory Activity of Methanolic Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Cyperus Species

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1694
Author(s):  
Kamel Arraki ◽  
Perle Totoson ◽  
Alain Decendit ◽  
Andy Zedet ◽  
Justine Maroilley ◽  
...  

Polyphenolic enriched extracts from two species of Cyperus, Cyperus glomeratus and Cyperus thunbergii, possess mammalian arginase inhibitory capacities, with the percentage inhibition ranging from 80% to 95% at 100 µg/mL and 40% to 64% at 10 µg/mL. Phytochemical investigation of these species led to the isolation and identification of two new natural stilbene oligomers named thunbergin A-B (1–2), together with three other stilbenes, trans-resveratrol (3), trans-scirpusin A (4), trans-cyperusphenol A (6), and two flavonoids, aureusidin (5) and luteolin (7), which were isolated for the first time from C.thunbergii and C. glomeratus. Structures were established on the basis of the spectroscopic data from MS and NMR experiments. The arginase inhibitory activity of compounds 1–7 was evaluated through an in vitro arginase inhibitory assay using purified liver bovine arginase. As a result, five compounds (1, 4–7) showed significant inhibition of arginase, with IC50 values between 17.6 and 60.6 µM, in the range of those of the natural arginase inhibitor piceatannol (12.6 µM). In addition, methanolic extract from Cyperus thunbergii exhibited an endothelium and NO-dependent vasorelaxant effect on thoracic aortic rings from rats and improved endothelial dysfunction in an adjuvant-induced arthritis rat model.

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 2305-2316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Ben Ali ◽  
Kais Mnafgui ◽  
Abdelfattah Feki ◽  
Mohamed Damak ◽  
Noureddine Allouche

Diabetes mellitus is a serious health problem worldwide that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. Hence, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory potential of rosemary extracts on key-enzymes related to diabetes such as α-amylase and pancreatic lipase activities, as well as to assess their antioxidant properties in vitro. The IC50 values of Rosemary essential oil, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts against α-amylase were 28.36, 34.11 and 30.39 µg/mL respectively, and those against pancreatic lipase were 32.25, 36.64 and 34.07 µg/mL, suggesting strong anti-diabetic and anti-obesity effects of Rosemary. The methanolic extract was found to be the highest in levels of phenolic (282.98 µgGAE/mg extract) and flavonoids (161.05 µg QE /mg extract) contents as well as in the antioxidant activity (IC50 = 15.82 µg/mL) as compared to other extracts ethyl acetate (IC50 = 32.23 µg/mL) and essential oil  (IC50 = 96.12 µg/mL).Antioxidant efficacy of Rosemary extracts has been estimated in the stabilization of sunflower oil (SFO) at three different concentrations, i.e. 200 (SFO-200), 500 (SFO-500) and 1000 ppm (SFO-1000). Results showed the highest efficiency of SFO-1000.The results obtained in this study demonstrated for the first time that Rosemary is a potent source of natural inhibitors of α-amylase and pancreatic lipase with powerful antioxidants proprieties that might be used in the food stabilization and the prevention of diabetes and obesity complications as a complementary pharmacological drug.


2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phi-Hung

From the whole plant of Isodon ternifolius collected in Vietnam, four triterpens including ursaldehyde (1), ursolic acid (2), b-sitosterol (3) and b-sitosteryl ferulate (4) were purified. Their chemical structures were determined by interpretation of NMR and MS data and comparison with the literatures. Compounds 1-4 were evaluated for their inhibitory activity against PTP1B enzyme activity using in vitro assay. Compounds 1 and 2 displayed potential activities with IC50 values of 16.92 ± 0.12 and 3.42 ± 0.45 μM, respectively. This is the first time that compounds 1 and 4 have been isolated from the Isodon genus and I. ternifolius has been evaluated for the PTP1B inhibitory activity.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazia Sdayria ◽  
Ilhem Rjeibi ◽  
Anouar Feriani ◽  
Sana Ncib ◽  
Wided Bouguerra ◽  
...  

Plants provide an alternative source to manage different human disorders due to various metabolites. The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical constituents of the methanolic extracts ofEuphorbia retusaand to evaluate their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. The phytochemical results obtained by HPLC and by chemical assay reactions have revealed the richness of the methanolic extract ofE. retusain active compounds, in particular polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The methanolic extract shows significant antioxidant activitiesin vitro, in the DPPH and the FRAP assays. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated using acetic acid and hot-plate models of pain in mice. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw edema. Oral pretreatment with the methanolic extract ofE. retusa(200 mg/kg) exhibited a significant inhibition of pain induced either by acetic acid or by the heating plate and in a manner comparable to the standard drug paracetamol.E. retusasignificantly reduced paw edema starting from the 3rd hour after carrageenan administration by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) in liver and paw tissues and decreasing the levels of MDA. These results may confirm the interesting potential of this plant as a treatment of various inflammatory and pain diseases.


2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ace Tatang Hidayat ◽  
Kindi Farabi ◽  
Desi Harneti ◽  
Nurlelasari Nurlelasari ◽  
Rani Maharani ◽  
...  

Four dammarane-type triterpenoid compounds, dammar-24-en-3a-ol (1), 3-epi-cabraleahydroxy lactone (2), (E)-25-hydroperoxydammar-23-en-3b,20-diol (3), and dammar-24-en-3β,20-diol (4), were isolated from the methanolic extract of the stembark of Aglaia argentea. Compounds 1-4 were isolated for first time from this plant. The structure of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including one and two-dimensional NMR as well as mass spectrometric analysis. Compounds, 1-4, along with a known synthetic analog, 20-hydroxy-dammar-24-en-3-on (5), were evaluated their cytotoxic activity against P-388 murine leukemia cells in vitro. The IC50 values of compounds, 1-5 were 9.09 ± 0.10, 68.53 ± 0.08, 5.89 ± 0.08, 22.40 ± 0.11, and 11.53 ± 0.08 µg/mL, respectively. Among the dammarane-type triterpenoids, compounds 1, 3, 4 and 5 having opened side chain showed the stronger activity, wheres compound 2 with cyclic side chain showed weak or no activity. In addition, compound 3 showed strongest activity, indicate that hydroperoxy group at side chain increase cytotoxic activity.


Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Marrelli ◽  
Federica Morrone ◽  
Maria Argentieri ◽  
Lucia Gambacorta ◽  
Filomena Conforti ◽  
...  

Pancreatic lipase, a key enzyme for lipid absorption, is one of the most important targets for the treatment of obesity, while natural compounds have recently attracted much interest as potential inhibitors of this enzyme. Here, in an attempt to find new effective agents, the methanolic extract from Moricandia arvensis (L.) DC. and its sub-extracts were investigated for their potential inhibitory activity. The ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase was verified through the in vitro evaluation of the prevention of p-nitrophenyl caprylate hydrolysis. The antioxidant activity was also verified by means of DPPH and β-carotene bleaching tests. Compositional profiling revealed that flavonoid glycosides were the main specialized metabolites present in the methanolic extract from the aerial parts of the plant with kaempferol and quercetin representing the two O-glycosylated aglycones. Kaempferol-3-O-β-(2″-O-glucosyl)-rutinoside and kaempferol-3-O-a-arabinosyl-7-O-rhamnoside were the most abundant flavonols. The crude methanolic extract and the dichloromethane and ethyl acetate sub-extracts showed a strong lipase inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 2.06 ± 0.02, 1.52 ± 0.02 and 1.31 ± 0.02 mg/mL, respectively. The best capacity to scavenge DPPH radical was detected for the ethyl acetate sub-extract (IC50 = 171.9 ± 1.0 µg/mL), which was also effective in protecting linoleic acid from peroxidation (IC50 = 35.69 ± 2.30 µg/mL). Obtained results support the hypothesis that M. arvensis can be a source of bioactive phytochemicals for the pharmacological inhibition of dietary lipids absorption.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Farida Larit ◽  
Khaled M. Elokely ◽  
Manal A. Nael ◽  
Samira Benyahia ◽  
Francisco León ◽  
...  

The in vitro activity of L. donovani (promastigotes, axenic amastigotes and intracellular amastigotes in THP1 cells) and T. brucei, from the fractions obtained from the hydroalcoholic extract of the aerial part of Hypericum afrum and the isolated compounds, has been evaluated. The chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts showed significant antitrypanosomal activity towards T. brucei, with IC50 values of 12.35, 13.53 and 12.93 µg/mL and with IC90 values of 14.94, 19.31 and 18.67 µg/mL, respectively. The phytochemical investigation of the fractions led to the isolation and identification of quercetin (1), myricitrin (2), biapigenin (3), myricetin (4), hyperoside (5), myricetin-3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (6) and myricetin-3’-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7). Myricetin-3’-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7) has been isolated for the first time from this genus. The chemical structures were elucidated by using comprehensive one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D and 2D NMR) spectroscopic data, as well as high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI–MS). These compounds have also been evaluated for their antiprotozoal activity. Quercetin (1) and myricetin (4) showed noteworthy activity against T. brucei, with IC50 and IC90 values of 7.52 and 5.71 µM, and 9.76 and 7.97 µM, respectively. The T. brucei hexokinase (TbHK1) enzyme was further explored as a potential target of quercetin and myricetin, using molecular modeling studies. This proposed mechanism assists in the exploration of new candidates for novel antitrypanosomal drugs.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (23) ◽  
pp. 7074
Author(s):  
Kashif Rafiq ◽  
Ajmal Khan ◽  
Najeeb Ur Rehman ◽  
Sobia Ahsan Halim ◽  
Majid Khan ◽  
...  

In continuation of phytochemical investigations of the methanolic extract of Dictyopteris hoytii, we have obtained twelve compounds (1–12) through column chromatography. Herein, three compounds, namely, dimethyl 2-bromoterepthalate (3), dimethyl 2,6-dibromoterepthalate (4), and (E)-3-(4-(dimethoxymethyl)phenyl) acrylic acid (5) are isolated for the first time as a natural product, while the rest of the compounds (1, 2, 6–12) are known and isolated for the first time from this source. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by advanced spectroscopic 1D and 2D NMR techniques including 1H, 13C, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, COSY, NEOSY, and HR-MS and comparison with the reported literature. Furthermore, eight compounds (13–20) previously isolated by our group from the same source along with the currently isolated compounds (1–12) were screened against the CA-II enzyme. All compounds, except 6, 8, 14, and 17, were evaluated for in vitro bovine carbonic anhydrase-II (CA-II) inhibitory activity. Eventually, eleven compounds (1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 18, and 19) exhibited significant inhibitory activity against CA-II with IC50 values ranging from 13.4 to 71.6 μM. Additionally, the active molecules were subjected to molecular docking studies to predict the binding behavior of those compounds. It was observed that the compounds exhibit the inhibitory potential by specifically interacting with the ZN ion present in the active site of CA-II. In addition to ZN ion, two residues (His94 and Thr199) play an important role in binding with the compounds that possess a carboxylate group in their structure.


2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (01) ◽  
pp. e24-e34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraja Cherukupalli ◽  
Sudarshana Bhumireddy ◽  
Subrahmanya Akella ◽  
Aaysha Sataniya ◽  
Prabhakar Sripadi ◽  
...  

AbstractThe genus Andrographis includes diverse species of medicinal importance. The present study for the first time unravels the chemical profiling and medicinal importance of an unexplored species, Andrographis glandulosa. LC-MS analysis of A. glandulosa methanolic extract disclosed it as a rich source of flavonoids, with 8 minor peaks and 2 major peaks (m/z 285.0749 and 283.0595). NMR and ESI-MS/MS analyses confirmed the major peaks as (R) 2',5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavanone and 2',5-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone. Purified compounds exhibited antiproliferative activity on 3 cancer cell lines (HeLa, MIA PaCa and U-87) with IC50 39.81–46.21 µM for flavanone, and 20.84–25.16 µM for flavone. IC50 values of flavone are on a par with that of the positive control quercetin (21.78–26.82 µM). HeLa cells treated with 117 µM flavanone showed a loss of MMP (~55% of cells) resulting in apoptosis (~51% of cells). Treatment with 80 µM flavone caused a loss of MMP (~88% of cells) and induced apoptosis in ~70% of cells proving its efficacy over flavanone. Purified flavonoids exhibited cytotoxicity by disrupting mitochondrial membrane, caspase 3 activation and apoptosis. Purified flavonoids appear as promising natural products for developing cancer therapeutics.


2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (17) ◽  
pp. 1857-1866
Author(s):  
Munawar Hussain ◽  
Zaheer Ahmed ◽  
Shamsun N. Khan ◽  
Syed A. A. Shah ◽  
Rizwana Razi ◽  
...  

Three new 5-deoxyflavonoid and dihydroflavonoids 2, 3 and 4 have been isolated from the methanolic extract of Abutioln pakistanicum aerial parts, for which structures were elucidated explicitly by extensive MS- and NMR-experiments. In addition to these, 3,7,4′-trihydroxy-3′-methoxy flavonol (1) is reported for the first time from Abutioln pakistanicum. Compound 2 and 4 are p-coumaric acid esters while compounds 2–4 exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Docking studies indicated that the ability of flavonoids 2, 3 and 4 to form multiple hydrogen bonds with catalytically important residues is decisive hence is responsible for the inhibition activity. The docking results signified the observed in-vitro activity quite well which is in accordance with previously obtained conclusion that phenol moiety and hydroxyl group are critical for the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Ty Viet Pham ◽  
Thang Quoc Le ◽  
Anh Tuan Le ◽  
Hung Quoc Vo ◽  
Duc Viet Ho

A phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Annona reticulata led to the isolation and structural determination of β-sitosterol (1), ent-pimara-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (2), ent-pimara- 8(14),15-dien-19-ol (3), quercetin (4), quercetin 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside (5), and a mixture of quercetin 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside (6a) and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6b). Of these, compounds 2 and 3 were isolated from the genus Annona for the first time. Compound 3 showed strong cytotoxicity against SK-LU-1 and SW626 cell lines with IC50 values of 17.64 ± 1.07 and 19.79 ± 1.41 μg mL-1, respectively.


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