scholarly journals Activity of Experimental Mouthwashes and Gels Containing DNA-RNA and Bioactive Molecules against the Oxidative Stress of Oral Soft Tissues: The Importance of Formulations. A Bioreactor-Based Reconstituted Human Oral Epithelium Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2976
Author(s):  
Andrei C. Ionescu ◽  
Elena Vezzoli ◽  
Vincenzo Conte ◽  
Patrizia Sartori ◽  
Patrizia Procacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽  
The One ◽  
Gel Formulations ◽  
Oral Epithelia

Background: DNA-RNA compounds have shown promising protection against cell oxidative stress. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity, protective, or preventive effect of different experimental formulations on oral epithelia’s oxidative stress in vitro. Methods: Reconstituted human oral epithelia (RHOE) were grown air-lifted in a continuous-flow bioreactor. Mouthwashes and gels containing DNA-RNA compounds and other bioactive molecules were tested on a model of oxidative stress generated by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Epithelia viability was evaluated using a biochemical MTT-based assay and confocal microscopy; structural and ultrastructural morphology was evaluated by light microscopy and TEM. Results: DNA-RNA showed non-cytotoxic activity and effectively protected against oxidative stress, but did not help in its prevention. Gel formulations did not express adequate activity compared to the mouthwashes. Excipients played a fundamental role in enhancing or even decreasing the bioactive molecules’ effect. Conclusion: A mouthwash formulation with hydrolyzed DNA-RNA effectively protected against oxidative stress without additional enhancement by other bioactive molecules. Active compounds, such as hyaluronic acid, β-Glucan, allantoin, bisabolol, ruscogenin, and essential oils, showed a protective effect against oxidative stress, which was not synergistic with the one of DNA-RNA. Incorporation of surfactant agents showed a reduced, yet significant, cytotoxic effect.

scholarly journals Activity of Experimental Mouthwashes and Gels Containing DNA-RNA and Bioactive Molecules Against the Oxidative Stress of Oral Soft Tissues: The Importance of Formulations. a Bioreactor-Based Reconstituted Human Oral Epithelium Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Cristian Ionescu ◽  
Elena Vezzoli ◽  
Vincenzo Conte ◽  
Patrizia Sartori ◽  
Patrizia Procacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
Preventive Effect ◽  
Beta Glucan ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽  
The One ◽  
Oral Epithelia

Background: DNA-RNA compounds have shown promising protection against cell oxidative stress. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity, protective, or preventive effect of different experimental formulations on oral epithelia’s oxidative stress in vitro. Methods: Reconstituted human oral epithelia (RHOE) were grown air-lifted in a continuous-flow bioreactor. Mouthwash and gels containing DNA-RNA compounds and other bioactive molecules were tested on a model of oxidative stress generated by hydrogen peroxide treatment. Epithelia viability was evaluated using a biochemical MTT-based assay and confocal microscopy; structural and ultrastructural morphology was evaluated by light microscopy and TEM. Results: DNA-RNA showed non-cytotoxic activity and effectively protected against oxidative stress, but not in its prevention. Gel formulation did not express adequate activity compared to the mouthwash. Excipients played a fundamental role in enhancing or even decreasing the bioactive molecules’ effect. Conclusion: A mouthwash formulation with hydrolyzed DNA-RNA effectively protected against oxidative stress without additional enhancement by other bioactive molecules. Active compounds such as hyaluronic acid, β-Glucan, allantoin, bisabolol, ruscogenin, and essential oils showed a protective effect against oxidative stress, which was not synergistic with the one of DNA-RNA. Surfactant agents showed harmful activity against oral epithelia.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Peroxide-Preconditioned Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Enhance the Recovery of Oligodendrocyte-Like Cells after Oxidative Stress-Induced Damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9513
Author(s):  
Patricia Garrido-Pascual ◽  
Ana Alonso-Varona ◽  
Begoña Castro ◽  
María Burón ◽  
Teodoro Palomares
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
The One ◽  
Cell Conditioned Medium

Oxidative stress associated with neuroinflammation is a key process involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, and therefore, has been proposed as a crucial target for new therapies. Recently, the therapeutic potential of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) has been investigated as a novel strategy for neuroprotection. These cells can be preconditioned by exposing them to mild stress in order to improve their response to oxidative stress. In this study, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of hASCs preconditioned with low doses of H2O2 (called HC016 cells) to overcome the deleterious effect of oxidative stress in an in vitro model of oligodendrocyte-like cells (HOGd), through two strategies: i, the culture of oxidized HOGd with HC016 cell-conditioned medium (CM), and ii, the indirect co-culture of oxidized HOGd with HC016 cells, which had or had not been exposed to oxidative stress. The results demonstrated that both strategies had reparative effects, oxidized HC016 cell co-culture being the one associated with the greatest recovery of the damaged HOGd, increasing their viability, reducing their intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and promoting their antioxidant capacity. Taken together, these findings support the view that HC016 cells, given their reparative capacity, might be considered an important breakthrough in cell-based therapies.

scholarly journals Protein Hydrolysates from Anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) Waste: In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Activities

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Giannetto ◽  
Emanuela Esposito ◽  
Marika Lanza ◽  
Sabrina Oliva ◽  
Kristian Riolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Fish Waste ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Engraulis Encrasicolus

Fish waste utilization to obtain protein hydrolysates has been demonstrated to be a useful strategy to face both environmental and economic impacts while obtaining high-value products with remarkable biological and nutritional properties. In the present study, protein hydrolysates obtained from anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus (APH) by-products were assessed for their potential biological activities in both in vitro and in vivo models. The treatment with APH exerted a significant protection against LPS-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells, decreasing the protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (i.e., COX-2) and inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB through IκB-α. Moreover, APH modulated the expression of iNOS, MnSOD and HO-1, thus decreasing the severity of oxidative stress. The supplementation of APH in the diet of ApoE knockout mice down-regulated the proinflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6) in both aorta and heart tissues, and modulated the expression of oxidative stress-related genes (Cu/ZnSod, MnSod, Cat, Gpx and Ho), indicating that APH can exert a beneficial role, having anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The nutritional properties of APH, together with their biological activities herein reported, highlight the possibility of obtaining bioactive molecules from fish waste and encourage their use as potential nutraceuticals in food and pharmaceutical industries in the next future.

Vitamin E protection of obesity-enhanced vascular calcification in uremic rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (4) ◽  
pp. F422-F429 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Peralta-Ramírez ◽  
A. Montes de Oca ◽  
A. I. Raya ◽  
C. Pineda ◽  
I. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Obese Rats

This study aimed to determine the extent of extraskeletal calcification in uremic Zucker rats, by comparing obese and lean phenotypes, and to evaluate the influence of vitamin E (VitE) on the development of calcifications in both uremic rats and human vascular smooth muscle cells (HVSMCs) cultured in vitro. Zucker rats of lean and obese phenotypes with normal renal function [control (C); C-lean and C-obese groups] and with uremia [5/6 nephrectomy (Nx); Nx-lean and Nx-obese groups] and uremic rats treated with VitE (Nx-lean + VitE and Nx-obese + VitE groups) were studied. Uremic groups were subjected to Nx, fed a 0.9% phosphorus diet, and treated with calcitriol (80 ng/kg ip). The aortic calcium concentration was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in Nx-obese rats (10.0 ± 2.1 mg/g tissue) than in Nx-lean rats (3.6 ± 1.3 mg/g tissue). A decrease in plasma glutathione peroxidase activity was observed in Nx-obese rats compared with Nx-lean rats (217.2 ± 18.2 vs. 382.3 ± 15.5 nmol·min−1·ml−1, P < 0.05). Treatment with VitE restored glutathione peroxidase activity and reduced the aortic calcium concentration to 4.6 ± 1.3 mg/g tissue. The differences in mineral deposition between Nx-lean, Nx-obese, Nx-lean + VitE, and Nx-obese + VitE rats were also evidenced in other soft tissues. In HVSMCs incubated with high phosphate, VitE also prevented oxidative stress and reduced calcium content, bone alkaline phosphatase, and gene expression of core-binding factor-α1. In conclusion, uremic obese rats develop more severe calcifications than uremic lean rats and VitE reduces oxidative stress and vascular calcifications in both rats and cultures of HVSMCs.

scholarly journals Olive Polyphenols: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1044
Author(s):  
Monica Bucciantini ◽  
Manuela Leri ◽  
Pamela Nardiello ◽  
Fiorella Casamenti ◽  
Massimo Stefani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Molecular Signaling ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Oxidative stress and inflammation triggered by increased oxidative stress are the cause of many chronic diseases. The lack of anti-inflammatory drugs without side-effects has stimulated the search for new active substances. Plant-derived compounds provide new potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant molecules. Natural products are structurally optimized by evolution to serve particular biological functions, including the regulation of endogenous defense mechanisms and interaction with other organisms. This property explains their relevance for infectious diseases and cancer. Recently, among the various natural substances, polyphenols from extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), an important element of the Mediterranean diet, have aroused growing interest. Extensive studies have shown the potent therapeutic effects of these bioactive molecules against a series of chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. This review begins from the chemical structure, abundance and bioavailability of the main EVOO polyphenols to highlight the effects and the possible molecular mechanism(s) of action of these compounds against inflammation and oxidation, in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the mechanisms of inhibition of molecular signaling pathways activated by oxidative stress by EVOO polyphenols are discussed, together with their possible roles in inflammation-mediated chronic disorders, also taking into account meta-analysis of population studies and clinical trials.

scholarly journals NTH1 Is a New Target for Ubiquitylation-Dependent Regulation by TRIM26 Required for the Cellular Response to Oxidative Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Williams ◽  
Jason L. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Excision Repair ◽  
Thymine Glycol ◽  
Endonuclease Iii ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽  
Base Excision ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACT Endonuclease III-like protein 1 (NTH1) is a DNA glycosylase required for the repair of oxidized bases, such as thymine glycol, within the base excision repair pathway. We examined regulation of NTH1 protein by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif 26 (TRIM26) as the major enzyme targeting NTH1 for polyubiquitylation. We demonstrate that TRIM26 catalyzes ubiquitylation of NTH1 predominantly on lysine 67 present within the N terminus of the protein in vitro . In addition, the stability of a ubiquitylation-deficient protein mutant of NTH1 (lysine to arginine) at this specific residue was significantly increased in comparison to the wild-type protein when transiently expressed in cultured cells. We also demonstrate that cellular NTH1 protein is induced in response to oxidative stress following hydrogen peroxide treatment of cells and that accumulation of NTH1 on chromatin is exacerbated in the absence of TRIM26 through small interfering RNA (siRNA) depletion. Stabilization of NTH1 following TRIM26 siRNA also causes significant acceleration in the kinetics of DNA damage repair and cellular resistance to oxidative stress, which can be recapitulated by moderate overexpression of NTH1. This demonstrates the importance of TRIM26 in regulating the cellular levels of NTH1, particularly under conditions of oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Exosomal circHIPK3 Released from Hypoxia-Pretreated Cardiomyocytes Regulates Oxidative Damage in Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells via the miR-29a/IGF-1 Pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ranzun Zhao ◽  
Weiwei Liu ◽  
Zhenglong Wang ◽  
Jidong Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Microvascular Endothelial ◽  
Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cells

Background/Aims. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. Recently, exosomes from cardiomyocytes (CMs) have been found to facilitate cell proliferation and survival by transporting various bioactive molecules, including circRNA. However, the functions of exosomal circRNAs are not clear. The present research is aimed at determining whether circHIPK3 released from hypoxia-pretreated CMs is transferred into cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMVECs) by exosomes and becomes functionally active in the CMVECs under oxidative stress conditions. Methods. Quantitative polymerase chain reactions were conducted to detect the expression pattern of circHIPK3 in CMVECs under oxidative stress. Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining assays, TUNEL assays, ROS assays, and Western blot analysis were conducted to detect the role of exosomal circHIPK3 in CMVEC function in vitro. Luciferase activity assays and RNA immunoprecipitation studies were conducted in vitro to reveal the mechanism of circHIPK3-mediated CMVEC function. Results. circHIPK3 expression was significantly upregulated in hypoxic exosomes (HPC-exos) compared with normoxic exosomes (Nor-exos). Moreover, HPC-exos induced stronger antioxidant effects than Nor-exos. The silencing or overexpression of circHIPK3 changed CMVEC survival under oxidative conditions in vitro. Furthermore, circHIPK3 silencing in HPC-exos abrogated the protective effects of HPC-exos in CMVECs, as shown by increased levels of apoptosis, ROS, MDA, and proapoptotic proteins. circHIPK3 acted as an endogenous miR-29a sponge to sequester and inhibit miR-29a activity, which led to increased IGF-1 expression. The ectopic expression of miR-29a mimicked the effect of circHIPK3 silencing in CMVECs in vitro. Conclusions. circHIPK3 in HPC-exos plays a role in CMVECs under oxidative conditions through miR-29a-mediated IGF-1 expression, leading to a decrease in oxidative stress-induced CMVECs dysfunction. These data suggest that the exosomal circRNA in CMs is a potential target to control CMVECs dysfunction under oxidative conditions.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Fibrous Membranes: Potential Patches for Stimulating the Human Stem Cells Proliferation and Viability Under Oxidative Stress.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Cacciotti ◽  
Matteo Ciocci ◽  
Emilia Di Giovanni ◽  
Francesca Nanni ◽  
Sonia Melino
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Human Stem Cells ◽  
Fibrous Membranes

The design of biomaterial platforms able to release bioactive molecules is mandatory in tissue repair and regenerative medicine. In this context, electrospinning is a user-friendly, versatile and low-cost technique, able to process different kinds of materials in micro- and nano-fibers with a large surface area-to-volume ratio for an optimal release of gaseous signalling molecules. Recently, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the endogenous gasotramsmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as well as its ability to stimulate relevant biochemical processes on the growth of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), have been investigated. Therefore, in this work, new poly(lactic) acid fibrous membranes (PFM), doped and functionalized with H2S slow-releasing donors extracted from garlic, were synthetized. These innovative H2S-releasing mats were characterized for their morphological, thermal, mechanical and biological properties. Their antimicrobial activity and effects on the in vitro human cardiac MSC growth, either in the presence or in the absence of oxidative stress, were here assessed. On the basis of the results here presented, these new H2S-releasing PFM could represent promising and low-cost scaffolds or patches for biomedical applications in tissue repair.

scholarly journals Cellular oxidative stress stimulated by microcystin: review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e422101119765
Author(s):  
Iara Bezerra de Oliveira ◽  
Hanndson Araújo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Protein Phosphatase 1 ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Radical Generation

Introduction: Cyanobacteria are organisms capable of producing a high number of bioactive molecules, known as cyanotoxins. Among the cyanotoxins, microcystins stand out, compounds with hepatotoxic potential. Studies claim that the most common and most toxic isoform among microcystins is microcystin-LR. One of the most frequently detected properties of microcystins is their ability to generate cellular oxidative stress. Thus, the present study is a bibliographic research about the biochemical mechanism of free radical generation caused by Microcystin LR. Methodology: for the preparation of this review, a survey was carried out in the national and international literature. The inclusion criteria for the construction of this work were original and review articles that addressed the ability of microcystin LR to generate oxidative damage. Results: Once they enter the body, microcystins accumulate in the liver, so that toxicity is associated with specific inhibition of protein phosphatase 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A), leading to disruption of cell integrity. Studies prove that MCs produce oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo and that they can act as tumor promoters. Conclusion: there is a possible relationship between cellular oxidative stress caused by microcystin. Thus, cyanobacterial blooms represent a threat to the health of several animals, including man, however, further studies on the topic addressed are needed.

scholarly journals Electrospun Nanofibers for Improved Angiogenesis: Promises for Tissue Engineering Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simin Nazarnezhad ◽  
Francesco Baino ◽  
Hae-Won Kim ◽  
Thomas J. Webster ◽  
Saeid Kargozar
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
Nanofibrous Scaffolds

Angiogenesis (or the development of new blood vessels) is a key event in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine; thus, a number of biomaterials have been developed and combined with stem cells and/or bioactive molecules to produce three-dimensional (3D) pro-angiogenic constructs. Among the various biomaterials, electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds offer great opportunities for pro-angiogenic approaches in tissue repair and regeneration. Nanofibers made of natural and synthetic polymers are often used to incorporate bioactive components (e.g., bioactive glasses (BGs)) and load biomolecules (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)) that exert pro-angiogenic activity. Furthermore, seeding of specific types of stem cells (e.g., endothelial progenitor cells) onto nanofibrous scaffolds is considered as a valuable alternative for inducing angiogenesis. The effectiveness of these strategies has been extensively examined both in vitro and in vivo and the outcomes have shown promise in the reconstruction of hard and soft tissues (mainly bone and skin, respectively). However, the translational of electrospun scaffolds with pro-angiogenic molecules or cells is only at its beginning, requiring more research to prove their usefulness in the repair and regeneration of other highly-vascularized vital tissues and organs. This review will cover the latest progress in designing and developing pro-angiogenic electrospun nanofibers and evaluate their usefulness in a tissue engineering and regenerative medicine setting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document