scholarly journals Synthesis of Tailored Perfluoro Unsaturated Monomers for Potential Applications in Proton Exchange Membrane Preparation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5592
Author(s):  
Antonio Monopoli ◽  
Michele Casiello ◽  
Pietro Cotugno ◽  
Antonella Milella ◽  
Fabio Palumbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proton Transport ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Nucleophilic Displacement ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The aim of the present work is the synthesis and characterization of new perfluorinated monomers bearing, similarly to Nafion®, acidic groups for proton transport for potential and future applications in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. To this end, we focused our attention on the synthesis of various molecules with (i) sufficient volatility to be used in vacuum polymerization techniques (e.g., PECVD)), (ii) sulfonic, phosphonic, or carboxylic acid functionalities for proton transport capacity of the resulting membrane, (iii) both aliphatic and aromatic perfluorinated tags to diversify the membrane polarity with respect to Nafion®, and (iv) a double bond to facilitate the polymerization under vacuum giving a preferential way for the chain growth of the polymer. A retrosynthetic approach persuaded us to attempt three main synthetic strategies: (a) organometallic Heck-type cross-coupling, (b) nucleophilic displacement, and (c) Wittig–Horner reaction (carbanion approach). Preliminary results on the plasma deposition of a polymeric film are also presented. The variation of plasma conditions allowed us to point out that the film prepared in the mildest settings (20 W) shows the maximum monomer retention in its structure. In this condition, plasma polymerization likely occurs mainly by rupture of the π bond in the monomer molecule.

Design and Experimental Characterization of a High-Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Radu ◽  
Nicola Zuliani ◽  
Rodolfo Taccani
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Pure Hydrogen ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) polymers and phosphoric acid can be operated at temperature between 120 °C and 180 °C. Reactant humidification is not required and CO content up to 1% in the fuel can be tolerated, only marginally affecting performance. This is what makes high-temperature PEM (HTPEM) fuel cells very attractive, as low quality reformed hydrogen can be used and water management problems are avoided. From an experimental point of view, the major research effort up to now was dedicated to the development and study of high-temperature membranes, especially to development of acid-doped PBI type membranes. Some studies were dedicated to the experimental analysis of single cells and only very few to the development and characterization of high-temperature stacks. This work aims to provide more experimental data regarding high-temperature fuel cell stacks, operated with hydrogen but also with different types of reformates. The main design features and the performance curves obtained with a three-cell air-cooled stack are presented. The stack was tested on a broad temperature range, between 120 and 180 °C, with pure hydrogen and gas mixtures containing up to 2% of CO, simulating the output of a typical methanol reformer. With pure hydrogen, at 180 °C, the considered stack is able to deliver electrical power of 31 W at 1.8 V. With a mixture containing 2% of carbon monoxide, in the same conditions, the performance drops to 24 W. The tests demonstrated that the performance loss caused by operation with reformates, can be partially compensated by a higher stack temperature.

Potential Applications of Fuel Cells for Hybrid Electric Aircrafts: Case Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sreedhar Kari ◽  
George Thorne ◽  
John Szeki ◽  
Chris Hall ◽  
Lindsey Mortimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Abstract Increased greenhouse gas emissions have an adverse impact on climate change. Recently, there is an increased drive to reduce the emissions especially after the Paris agreement 2015. There are several research initiatives that have been started in the aerospace industry to reduce the emissions like NOx, CO2 and other harmful substances. This paper presents the case studies done on the potential applications of fuel cells for more electric aircrafts (MEA) to achieve the reduced emissions and reduced fuel consumption. The objective of this paper is to take a broad view of how fuel cell technology works, various types of existing technologies and their potential applications and challenges for aero engines in terms of power density. In this study, the different types of fuel cells e.g. low temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells and high temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) etc were studied and identified the opportunities and challenges to make them work for aero engines as a part of electrification. Different ways of storing the hydrogen on board have been explored. The comparison has been made with battery vs fuel cell power density including the H2 tank. The case studies were made for potential replacement of shaft power off take on civil large engines with fuel cells for hybrid long range aircrafts and regional propeller jets with fully electric power.

Synthesis and characterization of novel functionalized perarylated polysiloxane for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

MRS Advances ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (64) ◽  
pp. 3579-3585
Author(s):  
Guillermo M. González Guerra ◽  
Alejandro Alatorre-Ordaz ◽  
Gerardo González Garcia ◽  
Jesus S. Jaime-Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Chlorosulfonic Acid ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
A Value ◽  
Exchange Membrane

ABSTRACTThis work presents the synthesis and characterization of a pearylated polysiloxane material (PAP) from a polycondensation reaction, followed by functionalization with HClSO3 by an electrophilic substitution reaction. According to the characterization techniques applied, a sulfonated pearylated polysiloxane was also obtained, (SPAP). The purpose of this sulfonated material is to obtain an ionomer able to be applied in hydrogen fuel cells of the proton exchange membrane kind (PEMFC). The reaction to produce the polysiloxane precursor was carried out with the commercial reagents: PhSiCl3, Ph2SiCl2 and Ph3SiCl in anhydrous THF at 75 °C and the SPAP material was obtained by sulfonation of the precursor with chlorosulfonic acid. PAP and SPAP were characterized by 1H, NMR for liquids, 29Si NMR for solids, IR-ATR, SEM, and cyclic voltammetry. The NMR 29Si spectra show that PAP and PAPS contain crosslinking regions due to PhSiCl3, growing chain zones due to Ph2SiCl2 and polymer termination zones due to Ph3SiCl, obtaining a mixture of siloxanes. The analysis by cyclic voltammetry indicates that by integrating the area under the curve of the adsorption peaks of H2, a value of 0.062 mC/cm2 is obtained, a value close to the commercial ionomer of Nafion®.

Preparation and Characterization of Modified PVDF-g-PSSA Membrane

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gui Bao Guo ◽  
Er Ding Han ◽  
Sheng Li An
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Relative Humidity Range ◽  
Exchange Membrane

A new method based on a solution graft technique was used to prepare poly (vinylidene fluoride) grafted polystyrene sulfonated acid (PVDF-g-PSSA) proton exchange membrane. Polystyrene is grafted into PVDF modified by plain sodium silicate (Na4SiO4). There is a linear relationship between the degree of grafting and the content of Na4SiO4. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is used to characterize changes of the membrane's microstructures after grafting and sulfonation. The morphology of the membrane's microstructures after grafting and sulfonation is studied by scanning electrolytic microscope (SEM). The effect of plain sodium silicate (Na4SiO4) concentration and relative humidity on the conductivity of the electrolyte was investigated by the impedance at room temperature. The results show that the styrene has been grafted into PVDF. The conductivity of PVDF-g-PSSA electrolyte doped 10% plain sodium silicate (Na4SiO4) is 0.016 S/cm at room temperature. The conductivity of the electrolyte changes slightly at a relative humidity range of 20%-70%. The weightlessness of PVDF-g-PSSA electrolyte heated to 40°C was less than 2%, which indicated that water capacity was good.

Characterization of SPEEK/Y2O3 proton exchange membrane treated with high magnetic field

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 604-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juying TONG ◽  
Qiang GUO ◽  
Xiaolin TAN ◽  
Xia LI ◽  
Dan LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
High Magnetic Field ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Exchange Membrane

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI MEMBRAN KOMPOSIT KITOSAN-SODIUM ALGINAT TERFOSFORILASI SEBAGAI PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL (PEMFC)

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Siti Wafiroh ◽  
Suyanto Suyanto ◽  
Yuliana Yuliana
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Proton Conductivity ◽  
Composite Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Methanol Permeability ◽  
Water Swelling ◽  
Exchange Membrane

AbstrakDi era globalisasi ini, kebutuhan bahan bakar fosil semakin meningkat dan ketersediannya semakin menipis. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif seperti Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat dan mengkarakterisasi membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat dari rumput laut coklat (Sargassum sp.) terfosforilasi sebagai Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM dibuat dengan 4 variasi perbandingan konsentrasi antara kitosan dengan sodium alginat 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, dan 8:4 (b/b). Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat difosforilasi dengan STPP 2N. Karakterisasi PEM meliputi: uji tarik, swelling air, kapasitas penukar ion, FTIR, SEM, permeabilitas metanol, dan konduktivitas proton. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, membran yang optimal adalah perbandingan 8:1 (b/b) dengan nilai modulus young sebesar 0,0901 kN/cm2, swelling air sebesar 19,14 %, permeabilitas metanol sebesar 72,7 x 10-7, dan konduktivitas proton sebesar 4,7 x 10-5 S/cm. Membran komposit kitosan-sodium alginat terfosforilasi memiliki kemampuan yang cukup baik untuk bisa diaplikasikan sebagai membran polimer elektrolit dalam PEMFC. Kata kunci: kitosan, sodium alginat, terfosforilasi, PEMFC  AbstractIn this globalization era, the needs of fossil fuel certainly increases, but its providence decreases. Therefore, we need alternative fuels such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). The purpose of this study is preparationand characterization of phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane from brown seaweed (Sargassum sp.) as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). PEM is produced with 4 variations of concentration ratio between chitosan and sodium alginate 8:0, 8:1, 8:2, and 8:4 (w/w). Chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane phosphorylated with 2 N STPP. The characterization of PEM include: tensile test, water swelling, ion exchange capacity, FTIR, SEM, methanol permeability, and proton conductivity. Based on the analysis result, the optimal membrane is ratio of 8:1 (w/w) with the value of Young’s modulus about 0.0901 kN/cm2, water swelling at 19.14%, methanol permeability about 72.7 x 10-7, and proton conductivity about 4.7 x 10-5 S/cm. The phosphorylated chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane has good potentials for the application of the polymer electrolyte membrane in PEMFC. Keywords: chitosan, sodium alginate, phosphorylated, PEMFC

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