scholarly journals Imidazole Processing of Wheat Straw and Eucalyptus Residues—Comparison of Pre-Treatment Conditions and Their Influence on Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7591
Author(s):  
Pedro M. A. Pereira ◽  
Joana R. Bernardo ◽  
Luisa Bivar Roseiro ◽  
Francisco Gírio ◽  
Rafał M. Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Treatment Agent ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Temperature Time

Biomass pre-treatment is a key step in achieving the economic competitiveness of biomass conversion. In the present work, an imidazole pre-treatment process was performed and evaluated using wheat straw and eucalyptus residues as model feedstocks for agriculture and forest-origin biomasses, respectively. Results showed that imidazole is an efficient pre-treatment agent; however, better results were obtained for wheat straw due to the recalcitrant behavior of eucalyptus residues. The temperature had a stronger effect than time on wheat straw pre-treatment but at 160 °C and 4 h, similar results were obtained for cellulose and hemicellulose content from both biomasses (ca. 54% and 24%, respectively). Lignin content in the pre-treated solid was higher for eucalyptus residues (16% vs. 4%), as expected. Enzymatic hydrolysis, applied to both biomasses after different pre-treatments, revealed that results improved with increasing temperature/time for wheat straw. However, these conditions had no influence on the results for eucalyptus residues, with very low glucan to glucose enzymatic hydrolysis yield (93% for wheat straw vs. 40% for eucalyptus residues). Imidazole can therefore be considered as a suitable solvent for herbaceous biomass pre-treatment.

scholarly journals Reduction of surface area of lignin improves enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose from hydrothermally pretreated wheat straw

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (69) ◽  
pp. 36591-36596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Sipponen ◽  
V. Pihlajaniemi ◽  
O. Pastinen ◽  
S. Laakso
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cellulose Conversion ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Pretreated Wheat Straw ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

24 h enzymatic hydrolysis (15 FPU g−1) of solid residues from wheat straw autohydrolysis. Cellulose conversion as a function of lignin content (left) or lignin surface area (right) in solid residues.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Iradiasi Gamma pada Konversi Biomassa Lignoselulosa Sabut Kelapa Menjadi Bioetanol

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Harum Azizah Darojati ◽  
Sugili Putra ◽  
Fahril Putera Zulprasetya
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Lignocellulosic Wastes ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ssf Process ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion ◽  
Irradiation Process

Sabut kelapa adalah salah satu limbah lignoselulosa yang dapat dikonversikan menjadi bioetanol. Konversi bioetanol pada penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu proses pre-treatment, proses Saccharification and Simultaneous Fermentation (SSF), dan proses pemurnian. Proses pre-treatment sebagai proses pemecahan ikatan lignoselulosa menjadi poin utama dalam proses konversi biomassa lignoselulosa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh iradiasi gamma terhadap pemecahan ikatan lignoselulosa pada proses pre-treatment tersebut. Proses iradiasi gamma divariasikan pada dosis sebesar 0 kGy, 100 kGy, 150 kGy, 200 kGy, 250 kGy dan dilanjutkan pre-treatment secara kimia menggunakan NaOH 4%. Kemudian dilanjutkan proses pemurnian setelah proses SSF selama 72 jam. Kadar bioetanol yang diperoleh setelah proses pemurnian diukur menggunakan metode refraktometri dan piknometri. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh kadar bioetanol tertinggi pada dosis iradiasi gamma 200 kGy, yaitu 35,15% untuk metode refraktometri, dan 36,77% untuk metode piknometri. Hasil tersebut jauh lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kadar bioetanol tanpa iradiasi gamma yaitu 2,45% untuk metode refraktometri, dan 6,92% untuk metode piknometri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode pre-treatment dengan iradiasi gamma dapat menghasilkan kadar bioetanol yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan tanpa menggunakan iradiasi gamma.Coconut husk is one of lignocellulosic wastes that can be converted into bioethanol. Bioethanol conversion in this study was carried out through several stages, namely the pre-treatment process, the Saccharification and Simultaneous Fermentation (SSF) process, and the purification process. The pre-treatment process as the process of breaking lignocellulosic bonds becomes the main point in the process of lignocellulosic biomass conversion. This research was conducted to determine the effect of gamma irradiation to breaking lignocellulosic bonds on the pre-treatment process. Gamma irradiation process was varied in doses of 0 kGy, 100 kGy, 150 kGy, 200 kGy, 250 kGy and continued with chemical pre-treatment using 4% NaOH. Then the purification process was continued after the SSF process for 6 days. Bioethanol levels obtained after the purification process were measured using refractometry and picnometry methods. In this study, the highest levels of bioethanol were obtained at a gamma irradiation dose of 200 kGy, namely 34.93% for the refractometry method, and 26.67% for the picnometry method, respectively. These results are much higher when compared to bioethanol levels without gamma irradiation, which is 2.25% for the refractometry method, and 5.49% for the picnometry method, respectively. This study shows that the pre-treatment method with gamma irradiation can produce higher levels of bioethanol than without using gamma irradiation.

Microwave-assisted Alkali Pre-treatment of Wheat Straw and its Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengdong Zhu ◽  
Yuanxin Wu ◽  
Ziniu Yu ◽  
Qiming Chen ◽  
Guiying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Pre Treatment

scholarly journals Enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates in by-products of processed rice

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila da Silva Turini ◽  
Roberta Martins Nogueira ◽  
Evaldo Martins Pires ◽  
Juliana da Silva Agostini
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Paddy Rice ◽  
Amylolytic Enzymes ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
By Products

ABSTRACT: Over post-harvest steps of rice, from pre-cleaning to processing, a large amount of by-product is generated. Some of these by-products, due to their high starch and fiber content can be used in ethanol production. The objective was to evaluate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis conditions on the production of reducing sugars, from pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, as well as the effect of the pre-treatment of its fibers, targeting the use of these residues in ethanol fuel production. The proximate analysis was performed, followed by the pre-treatment of samples. Enzymatic hydrolysis was conducted in two ways: using one enzyme at a time or applying them simultaneously. The starch content was 41.18 and 53.41%; the fibers were 30.44 and 23.39%, of which 6.53 and 4.41% were lignin, for the pre-cleaning residue and paddy rice, respectively. Alkaline pre-treatment reduce lignin content by 47.94 and 18.23% for the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, respectively. Hydrolysis efficiency was 22.61 and 15.32% for the cellulase enzyme, and 82.18 and 87.07% for the amylolytic enzymes in the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice, respectively. The hydrolysis with the separated enzymes presented higher reducing sugar yields. Therefore, the pre-cleaning residue and type III paddy rice can be used for ethanol production by its enzymatic hydrolysis, aiming to add value and to increase the sustainability of the rice production chain.

scholarly journals The Effect of Chemical Character of Ionic Liquids on Biomass Pre-Treatment and Posterior Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana R. Bernardo ◽  
Francisco M. Girio ◽  
Rafal Lukasik
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Chemical Character ◽  
Pre Treatment

Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in the efficient lignocellulosic biomass valorisation, especially in the biomass fractionation into individual polymeric components or direct hydrolysis some of biomass fractions. Considering the chemical character of ionic liquids, two different approaches, paved the way for a fractionation of biomass. The first strategy integrated a pre-treatment, hydrolysis and conversion of biomass through the employment of hydrogen-bond acidic 1-ethyl-3-methyimidazolim hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid. The second one relied on the use of a three-step fractionation process with hydrogen-bond basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate to produce high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions. The proposed approaches were scrutinised for wheat straw and eucalyptus residues. Those different biomasses allowed understanding that enzymatic hydrolysis yields are dependent on the crystallinity of pre-treated biomass. The use of acetate based ionic liquid allowed to change crystalline cellulose I to cellulose II and consequently enhanced glucan to glucose yield to 93.14.1 mol% and 82.91.2 mol% for wheat straw and eucalyptus, respectively. Whereas for hydrogen sulfate ionic liquid, the same enzymatic hydrolysis yields were 61.6  0.2 mol% for wheat straw and only 7.90.3 mol% for eucalyptus residues. These results demonstrate the importance of either ionic liquid character or biomass type on the efficient biomass processing.

scholarly journals Optimisation of enzymatic saccharification of wheat straw pre-treated with sodium hydroxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiquan Wang ◽  
Suqing Wu ◽  
Chunzhen Fan ◽  
Xiangyong Zheng ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Enzyme Loading ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractTo enhance the reducing sugar yield in enzymatic hydrolysis, various factors (NaOH concentration, solid content and pre-treatment time) that affect the pre-treatment process were investigated and evaluated based on the reducing sugar yield of the subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis. The enzymatic hydrolysis was based on the cellulase from Trichoderma reesi ATCC 26921, the optimum NaOH pre-treatment conditions were an NaOH concentration of 1.0% (w/w), a solid content of 5.0% (w/v) and a pre-treatment time of 60 min. Various parameters that affect the enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw, including the solid content, enzyme loading, pH and hydrolysis time, were investigated and optimized through a Box–Behnken design and response surface methodology. The predicted optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were a solid content of 8.0% (w/v), an enzyme loading of 35 FPU/g substrate, a temperature of 50 °C, a pH of 5.3 and a hydrolysis time of 96 h. The experimental result showed that the maximum reducing sugar yield was 60.73% (53.35% higher than the wheat straw without NaOH pre-treatment), which is in accordance with the predicted conditions.

scholarly journals Optimization of the pre-treatment of white sawdust (Triplochiton scleroxylon) by the organosolv process for the production of bioethanol

2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Thierry Tchamba Tchuidjang ◽  
Eric Noubissié ◽  
Ahmed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Treatment Stage ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Temperature Time

The exploitation of our forests generates waste, amongst which sawdust produces approximately cubic meter per year. The objective of this work is to contribute to the improvement of the recovery process of this waste through the optimization of the pre-treatment stage of sawdust from Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) by the organosolv process in order to produce bioethanol. To achieve this objective, Ayous sawdust was sampled and then characterized, followed by the pre-treatment through organosolv process. During pre-treatment, a composite experimental design centred on three factors (temperature, time, ethanol concentration) was used to study their effects on extraction of pentoses, reducing sugars and phenolic compounds. Analysis shows that Ayous sawdust contains 45.33 ± 5.5% cellulose, 30.32 ± 1.95% lignin and 20.03 ± 3.5% hemicellulose. To release the maximum of pentoses, reducing sugars and the minimum of phenolic compounds, an organosolv pre-treatment of this substrate should be carried out at 209.08 °C for 47.60 min with an ethanol–water ratio of 24.02%. Temperature is the factor having the most positive influence on the pre-treatment process whereas, ethanol concentration is not an essential factor. Organosolv pre-treatment is an effective process for delignification of the lignocellulosic structure of Ayous sawdust.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Chemical Character of Ionic Liquids on Biomass Pre-Treatment and Posterior Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Bernardo ◽  
Francisco Gírio ◽  
Rafał Łukasik
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Fractionation Process ◽  
Hydrogen Sulphate ◽  
Chemical Character ◽  
Pre Treatment

Ionic liquids have been recognised as interesting solvents applicable in efficient lignocellulosic biomass valorisation, especially in biomass fractionation into individual polymeric components or direct hydrolysis of some biomass fractions. Considering the chemical character of ionic liquids, two different approaches paved the way for the fractionation of biomass. The first strategy integrated a pre-treatment, hydrolysis and conversion of biomass through the employment of hydrogen-bond acidic 1-ethyl-3-methyimidazolim hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid. The second strategy relied on the use of a three-step fractionation process with hydrogen-bond basic 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate to produce high purity cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin fractions. The proposed approaches were scrutinised for wheat straw and eucalyptus residues. These different biomasses enabled an understanding that enzymatic hydrolysis yields are dependent on the crystallinity of the pre-treated biomass. The use of acetate based ionic liquid allowed crystalline cellulose I to change to cellulose II and consequently enhanced the glucan to glucose yield to 93.1 ± 4.1 mol% and 82.9 ± 1.2 mol% for wheat straw and eucalyptus, respectively. However, for hydrogen sulphate ionic liquid, the same enzymatic hydrolysis yields were 61.6 ± 0.2 mol% for wheat straw and only 7.9 ± 0.3 mol% for eucalyptus residues. These results demonstrate the importance of both ionic liquid character and biomass type for efficient biomass processing.

scholarly journals PRESSURIZED WATER PRETREATMENT TO INCREASE SUGAR PRODUCTION FROM GREEN COCONUT

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleitiane Da Costa Nogueira ◽  
Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Padilha ◽  
Anderson Alles De Jesus ◽  
Domingos Fabiano de Santana Souza ◽  
Everaldo Silvino Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Phenolic Components ◽  
Pre Treatment

Pretreatment of lignocellulosic industrial waste is necessary to promote the cellulose accessibility. Thus, this study evaluated the production of green coconut sugars during pressurized hydrothermal pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass. Pretreatment of the green coconut shell was carried out at 70 °C, 150 bar and water flow rate of 1 mL/min for 4 h. Samples from the system output stream were analyzed by HPLC and Folin Ciocalteu method. The solid fraction was characterized (chemical composition, XRD and FTIR) and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis. The liquid fractions of pretreatment provided a defined profile of released glucose, xylose, phenolic components and acetic acid over time. After 40 min, most of fermentable sugars were released, forming a liquor with a sugar content above 10 g/L. Post-treated biomass showed a reduction of cellulose (26 % to 17 %) and hemicellulose (23 % to 18 %) and an increase in lignin content (32 % to 44 %). Despite this new chemical composition of the biomass, the pretreated material had lower crystallinity indexes and modifications in its chemical groups. This favored cellulosic conversion from 15 % to 55 %, producing 63.5 % more glucose than the untreated green coconut shell during enzymatic hydrolysis. Thus, the pressurized pre-treatment favored the fermentable sugar production from the green coconut shell, and there is also the possibility of utilizing the sugars present in the pre-treatment liquor.

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