scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile and Anticancer Potential of Endophytic Microorganisms from Liverwort Species, Marchantia polymorpha L.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Mateusz Stelmasiewicz ◽  
Łukasz Świątek ◽  
Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
Keyword(s):  
Biologically Active ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Significant Development ◽  
Symbiotic Microorganisms ◽  
Endophytic Microorganisms ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Polar Extracts ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Liverwort endophytes could be a source of new biologically active substances, especially when these spore-forming plants are known to produce compounds that are not found in other living organisms. Despite the significant development of plant endophytes research, there are only a few studies describing liverwort endophytic microorganisms and their metabolites. In the presented study, the analysis of the volatile compounds obtained from thallose liverwort species, Marchantia polymorpha L., and its endophytes was carried out. For this purpose, non-polar extracts of plant material and symbiotic microorganisms were obtained. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Compounds with the structure of diketopiperazine in the endophyte extract were identified. Liverwort volatile extract was a rich source of cuparane-, chamigrane-, acorane-, and thujopsane-type sesquiterpenoids. The cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate extracts from endophytic microorganisms was evaluated on a panel of cancer (FaDu, HeLa, and SCC-25) cell lines and normal (VERO), and revealed significant anticancer potential towards hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and cervical adenocarcinoma.

Neutral Lipids of Oats Fruit (Avena Sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
N. K. Yuldasheva ◽  
S. D. Gusakova ◽  
D. Kh. Nurullaeva ◽  
N. T. Farmanova ◽  
R. P. Zakirova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Lipids are a widespread group of biologically active substances in nature, making up the bulk of the organic substances of all living organisms. They accumulate in plants in seeds, as well as in fruits and perform a number of vital functions: they are the main components of cell membranes and the energy reserve for the body.Aim. Study of neutral lipids of sown oats (Avena sativa L.).Materials and methods. The objects of the study were fruits (grains) of oats of the sown variety "Tashkent 1," harvested in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Results and discussions. Neutral lipids of oat grains have been found to contain 13 fatty acids with a predominance of the sum of oleic, linolenic and linoleic acids. The total degree of unsaturation was almost 78%. Absorption bands characteristic of these substances were observed in the IR spectrum of MEGC.Conclusion. According to the results of the NL analysis, oat grains consisted of triacylglycerides and free LCDs, which were accompanied by hydrocarbons, phytosterols, triterpenoids and tocopherols.

scholarly journals PROBIOTICS, PSYCHOBIOTICS, AND METABIOTICS: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Oleskin ◽  
Shenderov Shenderov
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Endocrine Organ ◽  
Symbiotic Microorganisms ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Active Substances

A large number of recent works deal with the microbiota of the human organism. Of paramount importance is the microbiota of the gut, especially of its densely populated distal part the colon. In the literature, the gut is considered the largest digestive, immune, and endocrine organ. The functioning of the microbiota involves the production of numerous low molecular weight compounds that represent biochemical effectors, co-factors, or signals. An important role is performed by neurochemicals. In order to ameliorate the human organisms microbial ecology, various drug preparations, biologically active additives, and functional food products are used. Currently popular preparations include selected strains of lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, bacilli, and other live microorganisms (probiotics) and biologically active substances (metabiotics) that result from the metabolic activities of symbiotic microorganisms. Probiotics include a subgroup denoted as psychobiotics that, when applied in adequate amounts, ameliorate the health of patients with psychiatric problems.

Relevance of bioassay of biologically active substances (BAS) with geroprotective properties in the model of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in experiments in vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubov S. Dyshlyuk ◽  
Anastasiya I. Dmitrieva ◽  
Margarita Yu. Drozdova ◽  
Irina S. Milentyeva ◽  
Alexander Yu. Prosekov
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Active Substances

: Aging is a process global in nature. The age of living organisms contributes to the appearance of chronic diseases, which not only reduce the quality of life, but also significantly damage it. Modern medicines can successfully fight multiple diseases and prolong life. At the same time, medications have a large number of side effects. New research indicates that bioactive phytochemicals have great potential for treating even the most severe diseases and can become an alternative to medicines. Despite many studies in this area, the effects of many plant ingredients on living organisms are poorly understood. Analysis of the mechanisms through which herbal preparations influence the aging process helps to select the right active substances, determine the optimal doses to obtain the maximum positive effect. It is preferable to check the effectiveness of plant extracts and biologically active components with geroprotective properties in vivo. For these purposes, live model systems such as Rattus rattus, Mus musculus, Drosophila melanogaster, and Caenorhabditis elegans are used. These models help to comprehensively study the impact of the developed new drugs on the aging process. The model organism C. elegans is gaining increasing popularity in these studies because of its many advantages. This review article discusses the advantages of the nematode C. elegans as a model organism for studying the processes associated with aging. The influence of various BAS and plant extracts on the increase in the life span of the nematode, on the increase in its stress resistance and on other markers of aging is also considered. The review showed that the nematode C. elegans has a number of advantages over other organisms and is a promising model system for studying the geroprotective properties of BAS.

scholarly journals Neuroglial Cells Have Liver Function for the Brain

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Nugzar G Aleksidze ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Similar Function ◽  
Structural Formation ◽  
Physiologically Active Substances ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Active Substances

Recently, the noteworthy results have been published regarding the uptake and degradation of biologically active substances, neurotransmitters, amino acids and carbohydrates by neuroglial cells and their inactivation as it takes place in the liver of living organisms. Based on the above-said, an assumption was made that the neuroglial cells in the brain, presented in biologically active glial-synaptic and neuron-neuroglial regions, should perform a similar function as the liver does. The functions of the liver are well known and determined by the excess accumulation of metabolic and physiologically active substances in the organism by means of inactivation, degradation and detoxication. For this purpose, the neurolectins existing in glial cells were specially studied. Based on the preliminary data, by means of them, the inhibition of agglutination of blood trypsinized erythrocytes took place via biologically active substances, neurotransmitters and aminoacids. This indicates that by means of neuroglial cells it is possible to uptake the above-said substances and then their degradation and inactivation in the cell. Based on the obtained data, it should be recognized that the neuroglial cells in glial-synaptic and neuron-neuroglial regions, the neuroglia should be considered as a structural formation having liver function in the brain

scholarly journals Determination of Toxicological Parameters of Selected Bioactive Organic Chemicals Using the Ostracodtoxkit FTM

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Błażej Kudłak ◽  
Monika Wieczerzak ◽  
Jacek Namieśnik
Keyword(s):  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Emerging Pollutants ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Toxic Drug ◽  
Sensitive Tool ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Complex Subject

Abstract Assessment of the impact of pharmaceutical residues on living organisms is very complex subject. Apart from taking into account the toxicity of individual compounds also their presence in mixtures should be taken into account. In this work, attempts were made to assess the ecotoxicity of biologically active substances (with 50 % effective concentration (EC50) values growing from fluoxetine (EC50 = 4.431 nM) >> gemfibrozil ≈ 17α-ethinylestradiol ≈ ketorolac > indomethacin > theophylline ≈ progesterone > naproxen ≈ trypsin > 2-(2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid > chloramphenicol > acetylsalicylic acid > ibuprofen > ketoprofen > 19-norethindrone to bezafibrate as the least toxic drug among studied ones) to the ISO standardized Ostracodtoxkit FTM bioassay. The Ostracodtoxkit FTM was proven to be very sensitive tool with respect to responding to presence of pharmaceuticals. Results of studies justify the statement that more research is needed in field of assessment of chronic exposure to pharmaceuticals and other newly emerging pollutants especially when they are present in complex mixture.

scholarly journals Study of the biocidal properties of a new agent based on modified bee parchment

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
P. A. Krasochko ◽  
M. A. Ponaskov ◽  
D. N. Moroz ◽  
O. Yu. Chernykh
Keyword(s):  
Active Agent ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Laboratory Model ◽  
Paramecium Caudatum ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Biocidal Properties

The problem of prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases of infectious etiology of calves is still relevant. Recently, bee products (honey, bee venom, bee parchment, propolis, royal jelly) have been used for this purpose. Taking into account the unique properties of beekeeping products, we have developed a new biologically active agent based on modified bee parchment. The developed product is made by alkaline hydrolysis of 3-4 % solution of sodium hydroxide of bee parchment and contains a complex of biologically active substances. In order to accelerate the study of the effect of the developed product on living organisms, a model of using the ciliated protistic organism Paramecium caudatum, inhabiting freshwater reservoirs, was proposed. The aim of the study was to study the biocidal properties of the developed agent of the biological model. The study of the effect of a new agent based on modified bee parchment was carried out according to the methodological recommendations “Screening of bio-stimulating and biocidal substances (adaptogens, bactericides and other drugs)” on a model of a free-living infusoria slipper Paramecium caudatum. As a result of the study, it was found that the developed agent has pronounced biocidal properties (similar to widely used antibacterial drugs). In order to study the cytotoxic and ecotoxic effects of the developed medium, it is necessary to conduct a number of additional studies to determine their comprehensive effect on protistic organisms as a test laboratory model.

scholarly journals Research On The Subject Of Nutrition In Physical Effort Determination

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 838-843
Author(s):  
Fabiana Martinescu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Biological Interest ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract Living organisms are in close dependence with the environment. There is also a permanent exchange of substance, energy and information between the human body and the environment, an exchange that underlies the development of all biological processes. In the normal biological processes, the essential environmental factors compete, among which we mention the air, water and food. The importance of food (lat. alimentum - aliment)consists of the intake of nutrients necessary for all life processes. The substances from food are generically described by the term “nutrient principles” or “food principles”, often being used the term “nutrients”. Among nutrients, depending on their amount in the food products and the physiological and biochemical role, there are the macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids and protides), micronutrients (mineral compounds of biological interest and vitamins) as well as other nutrients (water, fibres, biologically-active substances).

Microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of Argentine Islands Region: Data from the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
T. O. Kondratiuk ◽  
T. V. Beregova ◽  
I. Yu. Parnikoza ◽  
S. Y. Kondratyuk ◽  
A. Thell
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Mucor Circinelloides ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Microscopic Fungi ◽  
Rhodotorula Rubra ◽  
Yeast Fungi ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Geomyces Pannorum ◽  
Active Substances

The identification of the diversity of microscopic fungi of lithobiont communities of the Argentine Islands in specimens collected during the 22nd Ukrainian Antarctic Expedition was the purpose of this work. Samples of rock, soil, mosses and lichens of rock micro-habitats of “Crustose lichen sub-formation and fruticose lichen and moss cushion sub-formation” were used in the work. These samples were used for extracting and cultivation of filamentous fungi on dense nutrient media. Determination of physiological and biochemical characteristics and identification of yeast-like fungi were performed using a microbiological analyser ‘Vitek-2’ (‘Bio Merieux’, France). Cultivation of microorganisms was carried out at temperatures from +2 to +37 °C. In results cultures of microscopic fungi of Zygomycota (Mucor circinelloides), Ascomycota (species of the genera cf. Tlielebolus, Talaromyces), representatives of the Anamorphic fungi group (Geomyces pannorum, species of the genera Alternaria, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Cladosporium) were isolated from Antarctic samples. Microscopic fungi Penicillium spp. were dominated after the frequency in the studied samples (54.5%). Rhodotorula rubra and Candida sp. among isolated yeast fungi, and dark pigmented fungi represented by Aureobasidium pulhdans and Exophiala spp. were identified. The biological properties of a number of isolated fungi (the potential ability to synthesise important biologically active substances: melanins, carotenoids, lipids) are characterised. Mycobiota of rock communities of Argentine Islands is rich on filamentous and yeast fungi similarly to other regions of Antarctica. A number of fungi investigated are potentially able to synthesise biologically active substances. The dark pigmented species of the genera Cladosporium, Exophiala, Aureobasidium pulhdans, capable of melanin synthesis; ‘red’ yeast Rhodotorula rubra (carotenoid producers and resistant to toxic metals); Mucor circinelloides and Geomyces pannorum, lipid producers, are among these fungi. Yeast-like fungi assimilated a wide range of carbohydrates, which will allow them to be further used for cultivation in laboratory and process conditions. The collection of technologically promising strains of microorganisms, part of the Culture Collection of Fungi at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (Ukraine), is updated with isolated species (strains) of filamentous fungi and yeast – potential producers of biologically active substances, obtained within this study.

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