scholarly journals Umbu Fruit Peel as Source of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and α-Amylase Inhibitor Compounds

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Leilson de Oliveira Ribeiro ◽  
Beatriz Pereira de Freitas ◽  
Carolline Margot Albanez Lorentino ◽  
Heloisa Freire Frota ◽  
André Luis Souza dos Santos ◽  
...  

Herein, the extraction of bioactive compounds from umbu fruit peel was optimized using thermal-assisted solid–liquid extraction. In parallel, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and inhibitory effects against α-amylase of optimized extract were also evaluated. The combination of operational conditions including the temperature (32–74 °C), ethanol concentration (13–97%), and solid/liquid ratio (1:10–1:60; w/v) was employed using a rotational central composite design for optimization. The extracts were evaluated for total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoid compounds (TFC) and antioxidant capacity by ABTS•+, DPPH• and FRAP assays. The bioactive profile of the optimized extract was obtained by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry in electrospray ionization in both negative and positive modes. The statistically evaluated results showed that the optimal operational conditions for the recovery of bioactive compounds from umbu fruit peel included 74 °C, 37% ethanol, and a solid–liquid ratio of 1:38. Under these conditions, the obtained values were 1985 mg GAE/100 g, 1364 mg RE/100 g, 122 µmol TE/g, 174 µmol/TE g and 468 µmol Fe2+/g for TPC, TFC, ABTS•+, DPPH•, and FRAP assays, respectively. In addition, the optimized extract was effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MBC ranged from 0.060 to 0.24 mg GAE/mL), as well as it was effective to inhibit α-amylase (IC50 value of 0.076 mg GAE/mL). The optimized extract showed to be mainly constituted by phenolic acids and flavonoids.

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 738-744
Author(s):  
Nuraniye Eruygur ◽  
Nazire Gulsah Kutuk Dincel ◽  
Nursah Kutuk

AbstractTea, from the old ages to the day, is widely consumed both for enjoyment and health care due to its positive effects. The consumption of these products is increasing day by day as a result of the clear presentation of the fact that tea contains high amount of antioxidant substances (such as phenolic compounds), which is important in prevention and treatment of diseases. Tea beverage is a very important source of polyphenols. In this study, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of different tea species were calculated by modeling with experimental design method. In the experimental part, polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total amount of phenolic substance content was examined by Box-Behnken design and response surface method on black tea, green tea and white tea on different extraction temperature, extraction time and solid / liquid ratio. Solid / liquid ratio was found to be the most important parameter in terms of polyphenol content extraction from different tea samples. The highest polyphenol amount (411.762 mg gallic acid / mL) was found in green tea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data presenting comparatively study the effect of extraction condition on amounts of phenolic compounds from different tea samples.


Beverages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Quang Vinh Nguyen ◽  
Hoang Van Chuyen

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) is an annual shrub popularly grown in tropical and subtropical areas. Although Roselle fruit has been used for a long time as a herbal tea due to its high content of bioactive compounds like phenolic acids and anthocyanins, the studies on the effects of the drying process and brewing conditions on the content of beneficial components and bioactivities of Roselle tea is limited. In this study, the influence of drying temperature on the retention of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) of the dried Roselle and the effects of brewing conditions including water temperature, liquid-solid ratio and brewing time on total soluble solid (TSS) content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of Roselle tea were investigated. The drying at 80 °C produced the dried Roselle with the highest retention of TPC (25.196 mg GAE/g) and AC (IC50 of 2.2 mg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition) and the highest sensory quality compared to the drying at other temperatures. The brewing process using hot water at 90 °C with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g/mL) for 30 min resulted in the highest TSS content (5.4 oBx), TPC (12.7 mg GAE/g dried Roselle) and AC (73.3% DPPH inhibition) of the Roselle tea. Thus, the drying at 80 °C combined with the brewing of dried Roselle for 30 min using 90 °C hot water with the solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (g/mL) are recommended to produce Roselle tea with the highest content of beneficial ingredients.


Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Hsieh-Lo ◽  
Gustavo Castillo-Herrera ◽  
Luis Mojica

Black bean is a source of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds that are associated with health benefits. This work aimed to optimize the extraction and determine the stability and biological potential of black bean anthocyanin-rich extracts recovered by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The highest concentration of anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds were recovered with SFE using 300 bar, 60 °C and co-solvent ethanol/distilled water (50/50, v/v). Eleven non-colored phenolic compounds were identified in SFE extract using Ultra performance liquid chromatography - Electrospray ionization–Quadrupole -Time of flight - Mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QToF-MS/MS). Myricetin, syringic acid, rutin hydrate and chlorogenic acid presented the highest relative area among identified compounds. Compared to leaching extraction, SFE extracts showed a similar storage stability at 4, 25 and 32 °C (p < 0.05), but with a higher antioxidant potential (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) IC50: 0.078 ± 0.01; 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) IC50: 0.161 ± 0.03) and antidiabetic potential (α-amylase IC50: 124.76 ± 12.97; α-glucosidase IC50: 31.30 ± 0.84; dipeptidyl peptidase-IV IC50: 0.195 ± 0.01). SFE extraction is an efficient method to obtain anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds with exceptional biological potential.


2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 2117-2127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Fonseca Maciel ◽  
Ana Lúcia de Souza Madureira Felício ◽  
Elisa Yoko Hirooka

Purpose Many factors can influence the bioactive compounds in cocoa beans. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the bioactive compound profile of 12 cocoa bean clones produced in Bahia’s Southern region. Design/methodology/approach Total phenolic content, total flavonoids and total anthocyanins were determined using spectrophotometric methods. Caffeic acid, caffeine, theobromine, catechin and epicatechin contents were determined using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with a Photodiode Array Detector. Principal component analysis (PCA) was carried out using to determine the variability of the results found in relation to the clones studied. Findings The authors observed variations in the bioactive compound content between the analyzed cocoa clones. The SRN clone showed the highest levels of phenolic content, flavonoids, caffeine, catechin, and epicatechin. PCA showed that all the clones had unique characteristics related to the composition of their bioactive compounds content, classifying each clone in a well-defined manner. Originality/value This work is an important contribution for the characterization of new cocoa bean clones in relation to their content of bioactive compounds. The information reported in this paper can be decisive in the choice of the variety of cocoa in the production of chocolate with high bioactive compounds content and claim of functional property.


Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mircea Oroian ◽  
Florin Ursachi ◽  
Florina Dranca

The aim of this study was to evaluate the extraction efficiency of polyphenols from crude pollen by an ultrasonic process. Prior to the polyphenols extraction, the crude pollen was defatted. The extraction from defatted pollen was carried out by varying four extraction parameters: ultrasonic amplitude (20%, 60% and 100%), solid/liquid ratio (10 g/L, 20 g/L and 30 g/L), temperature (35, 50 and 65 °C) and time (10, 20 and 30 min). The extracts were analyzed in terms of extraction yield (%), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavones content (TFC). The extracted oil was analyzed in terms of fatty acids composition; myristic acid (159.1 µg × g−1) and cis-14-pentadecenoic acid (106.6 µg·g−1) were found in the highest amount in the pollen oil. The optimum conditions of extraction were determined and were, as follows: 100% amplitude of ultrasonic treatment, 30 g/L solid/liquid ratio, 40.85 °C and 14.30 min, which led to the extraction of 366.1 mg GAE/L of TPC and 592.2 mg QE/g of TFC, and also to an extraction yield of 1.92%.


Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Akanksha Tyagi ◽  
Su-Jung Yeon ◽  
Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri ◽  
Xiuqin Chen ◽  
Ramachandran Chelliah ◽  
...  

Free radical-induced oxidative stress is the root cause of many diseases, such as diabetes, stress and cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this research was to screen GABA levels, antioxidant activities and bioactive compounds in brown rice. In this study, we first fermented brown rice with different lactic acid bacteria (LABs), and the best LAB was selected based on the levels of GABA in the fermentate. Lactobacillus reuterii generated the highest levels of GABA after fermentation. To ascertain whether germination can improve the GABA levels of brown rice, we compared the levels of GABA in raw brown rice (Raw), germinated brown rice (Germ), fermented brown rice (Ferm) and fermented-germinated brown rice (G+F) to identify the best approach. Then, antioxidant activities were investigated for Raw BR, Germ BR, Ferm BR and G+F BR. Antioxidant activity was calculated using a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazile radical assay, 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylene benzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical assay and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. In Ferm BR, DPPH (114.40 ± 0.66), ABTS (130.52 ± 0.97) and FRAP (111.16 ± 1.83) mg Trolox equivalent 100 g, dry weight (DW), were observed as the highest among all samples. Total phenolic content (97.13 ± 0.59) and total flavonoids contents (79.62 ± 1.33) mg GAE/100 g and catechin equivalent/100 g, DW, were also found to be highest in fermented BR. Furthermore, an untargeted metabolomics approach using ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry revealed the abundance of bioactive compounds in fermented BR, such as GABA, tryptophan, coumaric acid, L-ascorbic acid, linoleic acid, β-carotenol, eugenol, 6-gingerol, etc., as well as bioactive peptides which could contribute to the health-promoting properties of L. reuterii fermented brown rice.


Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Ioulia Georgiopoulou ◽  
Soultana Tzima ◽  
Georgia D. Pappa ◽  
Vasiliki Louli ◽  
Epaminondas Voutsas ◽  
...  

Microalgae contain an abundance of valuable bioactive compounds such as chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phenolics and, consequently, present great commercial interest. The aim of this work is the study and optimization of recovering the aforementioned components from the microalgae species Chlorella vulgaris through conventional extraction in a laboratory-scale apparatus using a “green” mixture of ethanol/water 90/10 v/v. The effect of three operational conditions—namely, temperature (30–60 °C), duration (6–24 h) and solvent-to-biomass ratio (20–90 mLsolv/gbiom), was examined regarding the extracts’ yield (gravimetrically), antioxidant activity, phenolic, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents (spectrophotometric assays), as well as concentration in key carotenoids, i.e., astaxanthin, lutein, and β-carotene (reversed-phase–high-performance liquid chromatography (RP–HPLC)). For this purpose, a face-centered central composite design (FC-CCD) was employed. Data analysis resulted in the optimal extraction conditions of 30 °C, for 24 h with 37 mLsolv/gbiom and validation of the predicted models led to 15.39% w/w yield, 52.58 mgextr/mgDPPH (IC50) antioxidant activity, total phenolic, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of 18.23, 53.47 and 9.92 mg/gextr, respectively, and the total sum of key carotenoids equal to 4.12 mg/gextr. The experimental data and predicted results were considered comparable, and consequently, the corresponding regression models were sufficiently reliable for prediction.


KOVALEN ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Amalia Noviyanty ◽  
Chitra Anggriani Salingkat ◽  
Syamsiar Syamsiar

This study aims to determine the effect of the type of solvent on extract yield, total phenolics and IC50 values of the skin of red dragon fruit and also obtain the best type of solvent that provides extract rendement, total phenolics and the highest or best IC50 value for extracting red dragon fruit peels. There are 3 types of solvents used (95% ethanol, ethyl acetate and acetone: water (7: 3) with a sample-solvent ratio (5:1 v/b).  The data obtained were analyzed using a Completely Randomized Design that was applied to observations of extract rendemen, phenolics total and IC50 values, if the treatment had a very significant or significant effect followed by continued BNJ test at 1% or 5% level. The results showed that the solvent ratio very significantly affected the extract rendemen, phenolics total and IC50 value of red dragon fruit peel extract.  Ethanol 95% solvent is the best solvent for extracting dragon fruit peels because it has the highest yield (26.15%), total phenolic (64.75 ppm) and antioxidant activity (IC50 value) (120.53 ppm) highest or best. Keywords : IC50, the red dragon fruit skin, solvent ratio, extract yield, phenolics total


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Theophilus Fadjare Frempong ◽  
Nathaniel Owusu Boadi ◽  
Mercy Badu

Background: The recovery of phenolic compounds is seen as an arduous task because phenolic compounds are available as free aglycones, as sugar or ester conjugates, or as polymers with several monomeric components. Furthermore, phenolic compounds do not disperse evenly and may be connected to cell walls, carbohydrates, or proteins. This study looks at the optimization of factors that affect the efficiency for the extraction of phenolic compounds from the stem-bark of Funtumia elastica. Methods: Five independent variables (solvent concentration, time, the temperature, solid-liquid ratio, and pH) of the extraction process were selected. Single factor analysis as well as the response surface method was used to evaluate the impact of the selected factors on the total phenolic content. The effect of the extraction factors on the phenolic content was statistically significant (p <0.05). For the response surface method, a five/factor, five/level central composite design used, and a fitted second-order polynomial regression model equation was used to show how the extraction parameters affected the total phenolic recovery. Results: The predicted value (R² of 0.5917) agreed with the adjusted value (R² of 0.7707). The residuals for response predictions were less than 5%. The optimal factors for the extraction were ethanol concentration of 75.99% v/v, extraction time of 193.86 minutes, temperature of 63.66°C, pH of 5.62, and solid-liquid ratio of 1:21.12 g/mL. Actual overall content of the phenolic compounds was validated at 82.83 ± 3.335 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) /g weight of extract, which agreed with the predicted response of 89.467 mg GAE/g of the dried extract under the optimal factors. Conclusions: The rich phenolic content of stem-bark of Funtumia elastica points to its potential as a functional medicinal product to alleviate diseases caused by oxidative stress such as asthma, breathing disorders, inflammation, and cardiovascular diseases.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Yong-Ming Zhao ◽  
Ya-Ting Tian ◽  
Chun-Lin Yan ◽  
Chun-Yan Guo

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of phenolic compounds fromInula heleniumwas studied. Effects of ethanol concentration, ultrasonic time, solid-liquid ratio, and number of extractions were investigated. An orthogonal array was constructed to optimize UAE process. The optimized extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 30%; solid-liquid ratio, 1 : 20; number of extractions, 2 times; extraction time, 30 min. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of total phenolic compounds and chlorogenic acid was6.13±0.58and1.32±0.17 mg/g, respectively. The results showed that high amounts of phenolic compounds can be extracted fromI. heleniumby ultrasound-assisted extraction technology.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document