scholarly journals Modern Applications of 3D Printing: The Case of an Artificial Ear Splint Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Athanasios Argyropoulos ◽  
Pantelis N. Botsaris
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shape Preservation ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Protruding Ears ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Wide Range

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a leading manufacturing technique in the medical field. The constantly improving quality of 3D printers has revolutionized the approach to new challenges in medicine for a wide range of applications including otoplasty, medical devices, and tissue engineering. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview of an artificial ear splint model applied to the human auricle for the treatment of stick-out protruding ears. The deformity of stick-out protruding ears remains a significant challenge, where the complex and distinctive shape preservation are key factors. To address this challenge, we have developed a protocol that involves photogrammetry techniques, reverse engineering technologies, a smart prototype design, and 3D printing processes. Specifically, we fabricated a 3D printed ear splint model via fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology by testing two materials, a thermoplastic polyester elastomer material (Z-Flex) and polycaprolactone (PCL 100). Our strategy affords a custom-made and patient-specific artificial ear aligner with mechanical properties that ensures sufficient preservation of the auricular shape by applying a force on the helix and antihelix and enables the ears to pin back to the head.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional Printing Versus Conventional Machining in the Creation of a Meatal Urethral Dilator: a Cost and Mechanical Strength Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Yue-Cheng Chen ◽  
Jacob Skewes ◽  
Ryan Daley ◽  
Maria Ann Woodruff ◽  
Nicholas John Rukin
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Current Time ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Conventional Machining

Abstract BackgroundThree-dimensional (3D) printing is a promising technology but the limitations are often poorly understood. We compare different 3D printingmethods with conventional machining techniques in manufacturing meatal urethral dilators which were recently removed from the Australian market. MethodsA prototype dilator was 3D printed vertically orientated on a low cost fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printer in polylactic acid (PLA) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). It was also 3D printed horizontally orientated in ABS on a high-end FDM 3D printer with soluble support material, as well as on a SLS 3D printer in medical nylon. The dilator was also machined in stainless steel using a lathe. All dilators were tested mechanically in a custom rig by hanging calibrated weights from the handle until the dilator snapped. ResultsThe horizontally printed ABS dilator experienced failure at a greater load than the vertically printed PLA and ABS dilators respectively (503g vs 283g vs 163g, p < 0.001). The SLS nylon dilator and machined steel dilator did not fail. The steel dilator is most expensive with a quantity of five at 98 USD each, but this decreases to 30 USD each for a quantity of 1000. In contrast, the cost for the SLS dilator is 33 USD each for five and 27 USD each for 1000. ConclusionsAt the current time 3D printing is not a replacement for conventional manufacturing. 3D printing is best used for patient-specific parts, prototyping or manufacturing complex parts that have additional functionality that cannot otherwise beachieved.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Thermo-Sensitive Drugs

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1524
Author(s):  
Sadikalmahdi Abdella ◽  
Souha H. Youssef ◽  
Franklin Afinjuomo ◽  
Yunmei Song ◽  
Paris Fouladian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Selection Of

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is among the rapidly evolving technologies with applications in many sectors. The pharmaceutical industry is no exception, and the approval of the first 3D-printed tablet (Spiratam®) marked a revolution in the field. Several studies reported the fabrication of different dosage forms using a range of 3D printing techniques. Thermosensitive drugs compose a considerable segment of available medications in the market requiring strict temperature control during processing to ensure their efficacy and safety. Heating involved in some of the 3D printing technologies raises concerns regarding the feasibility of the techniques for printing thermolabile drugs. Studies reported that semi-solid extrusion (SSE) is the commonly used printing technique to fabricate thermosensitive drugs. Digital light processing (DLP), binder jetting (BJ), and stereolithography (SLA) can also be used for the fabrication of thermosensitive drugs as they do not involve heating elements. Nonetheless, degradation of some drugs by light source used in the techniques was reported. Interestingly, fused deposition modelling (FDM) coupled with filling techniques offered protection against thermal degradation. Concepts such as selection of low melting point polymers, adjustment of printing parameters, and coupling of more than one printing technique were exploited in printing thermosensitive drugs. This systematic review presents challenges, 3DP procedures, and future directions of 3D printing of thermo-sensitive formulations.

scholarly journals Modelling and Investigation of Crack Growth for 3D-Printed Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) with Various Printing Parameters and Ambient Temperatures

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3737
Author(s):  
Yousef Lafi A. Alshammari ◽  
Feiyang He ◽  
Muhammad A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Crack Growth ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Nozzle Size ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the significant industrial manufacturing methods in the modern era. Many materials are used for 3D printing; however, as the most used material in fused deposition modelling (FDM) technology, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) offers good mechanical properties. It is perfect for making structures for industrial applications in complex environments. Three-dimensional printing parameters, including building orientation, layers thickness, and nozzle size, critically affect the crack growth in FDM structures under complex loads. Therefore, this paper used the dynamic bending vibration test to investigate their influence on fatigue crack growth (FCG) rate under dynamic loads and the Paris power law constant C and m. The paper proposed an analytical solution to determine the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip based on the measurement of structural dynamic response. The experimental results show that the lower ambient temperature, as well as increased nozzle size and layer thickness, provide a lower FCG rate. The printing orientation, which is the same as loading, also slows the crack growth. The linear regression between these parameters and Paris Law’s coefficient also proves the same conclusion.

scholarly journals Parameters Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polylactide Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2456
Author(s):  
Demei Lee ◽  
Guan-Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
The Impact

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a manufacturing technology which creates three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer or drop-by-drop with minimal material waste. Despite the fact that 3D printing is a versatile and adaptable process and has advantages in establishing complex and net-shaped structures over conventional manufacturing methods, the challenge remains in identifying the optimal parameters for the 3D printing process. This study investigated the influence of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM)-printed carbon fiber-filled polylactide (CFR-PLA) composites by employing an orthogonal array model. After printing, the tensile and impact strengths of the printed composites were measured, and the effects of different parameters on these strengths were examined. The experimental results indicate that 3D-printed CFR-PLA showed a rougher surface morphology than virgin PLA. For the variables selected in this analysis, bed temperature was identified as the most influential parameter on the tensile strength of CFR-PLA-printed parts, while bed temperature and print orientation were the key parameters affecting the impact strengths of printed composites. The 45° orientation printed parts also showed superior mechanical strengths than the 90° printed parts.

scholarly journals 3D Printing for Hip Implant Applications: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2682
Author(s):  
Obinna Okolie ◽  
Iwona Stachurek ◽  
Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian ◽  
James Njuguna
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Replacement Treatment ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
3D Printed

There is a rising demand for replacement, regeneration of tissues and organ repairs for patients who suffer from diseased/damaged bones or tissues such as hip pains. The hip replacement treatment relies on the implant, which may not always meet the requirements due to mechanical and biocompatibility issues which in turn may aggravate the pain. To surpass these limitations, researchers are investigating the use of scaffolds as another approach for implants. Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers significant potential as an efficient fabrication technique on personalized organs as it is capable of biomimicking the intricate designs found in nature. In this review, the determining factors for hip replacement and the different fabrication techniques such as direct 3D printing, Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and stereolithography (SLA) for hip replacement. The study also covers surface modifications of 3D printed implants and provides an overview on 3D tissue regeneration. To appreciate the current conventional hip replacement practices, the conventional metallic and ceramic materials are covered, highlighting their rationale as the material of choice. Next, the challenges, ethics and trends in the implants’ 3D printing are covered and conclusions drawn. The outlook and challenges are also presented here. The knowledge from this review indicates that 3D printing has enormous potential for providing a pathway for a sustainable hip replacement.

3D Printing: Basic Concepts Mathematics and Technologies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-71
Author(s):  
Alexander Rompas ◽  
Charalampos Tsirmpas ◽  
Ianos Papatheodorou ◽  
Georgia Koutsouri ◽  
Dimitris Koutsouris
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Three Dimensional Objects ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Object Layer

3D printing is about being able to print any object layer by layer. But if one questions this proposition, can one find any three-dimensional objects that can't be printed layer by layer? To banish any disbeliefs the authors walked together through the mathematics that prove 3d printing is feasible for any real life object. 3d printers create three-dimensional objects by building them up layer by layer. The current generation of 3d printers typically requires input from a CAD program in the form of an STL file, which defines a shape by a list of triangle vertices. The vast majority of 3d printers use two techniques, FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) and PBP (Powder Binder Printing). One advanced form of 3d printing that has been an area of increasing scientific interest the recent years is bioprinting. Cell printers utilizing techniques similar to FDM were developed for bioprinting. These printers give us the ability to place cells in positions that mimic their respective positions in organs. Finally, through a series of case studies the authors show that 3d printers have made a massive breakthrough in medicine lately.

Thermal cycling, microstructure and tensile performance of PLA-PHA polymer printed using fused deposition modelling technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofiane Guessasma ◽  
Sofiane Belhabib ◽  
Hedi Nouri
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Heat Accumulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tensile Performance

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effect of printing temperature on the thermal and the mechanical behaviour of polylactic acid (PLA)-polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) blend printed using fused deposition modelling (FDM). Design/methodology/Approach Because of the use of an infra-red camera, thermal cycling during the laying down is quantified. In addition, X-ray micro-tomography is considered to reveal the microstructural arrangement within the three-dimensional printed material. Tensile loading conditions are used to derive Young’s modulus, tensile strength and fracture toughness, and relate these to the printing temperature. Finite element computation based on three-dimensional microstructure information is used to predict the role of defects on the tensile performance. Findings The results show a remarkable cohesive structure of PLA-PHA, particularly at 240°C. This cohesive structure is explained by the ability to ensure heat accumulation during laying down as evidenced by the nature of thermal cycling. The printing temperature is found to be a key factor for tuning the ductility of the printed PLA-PHA allowing full restoration of tensile strength at high printing temperature. Originality/value This study reports new results related to the thermo-mechanical behaviour of PLA-PHA that did not receive much attention in three-dimensional printing despite its potential as a candidate for pharmacological and medical applications. This study concludes by a wide range of possible printing temperatures for PLA-PHA and a remarkable low porosity generated by FDM.

scholarly journals Surface Roughness Effect on the 3d Printed Butt Joints Strength

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Kovan ◽  
G. Altan ◽  
E.S. Topal ◽  
H.E. Camurlu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thickness Effect ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Dimensional Object

Three-dimensional printing or 3D printing (also called additive manufacturing) is any of various processes used to make a three-dimensional object. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modelling, prototyping, and production applications. It is one of the techniques used for 3D printing. FDM is somewhat restricted in the size and the variation of shapes that may be fabricated. For parts too large to fit on a single build, for faster job builds with less support material, or for parts with finer features, sectioning and bonding FDM parts is a great solution. The strength of adhesive bonded FDM parts is affected by the surface roughness. In this study, the layer thickness effect on bonding strength is experimentally studied and the results are discussed.

scholarly journals 3D printing in shoulder surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Campana ◽  
Valentina Cardona ◽  
Valeria Vismara ◽  
Andrea Stefano Monteleone ◽  
Piero Piazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Shoulder Instability ◽  
Shoulder Arthroplasty ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Shoulder Surgery ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Anterior Shoulder Instability ◽  
Glenoid Component ◽  
Custom Made

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a novel modality with the potential to make a huge impact in the surgical field. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the current use of 3D printing in shoulder surgery. We have reviewed the use of this new method in 3 fields of shoulder surgery: shoulder arthroplasty, recurrent shoulder instability and orthopedic shoulder traumatology. In shoulder arthroplasty, several authors have shown that the use of the 3D printer improves the positioning of the glenoid component, even if longer clinical follow-up is needed to determine whether the cost of this system rationalizes the potential improved functional outcomes and decreases glenoid revision rates. In the treatment of anterior shoulder instability, the literature agrees on the fact that the use of the 3D printing can: enhance the dept and size of bony lesions, allowing a patient tailored surgical planning and potentially reducing operative times; allow the production of personalized implants to restore substantial bone loss; restore glenohumeral morphology and instability. In orthopedic trauma, the use of 3D printing can be helpful to increase the understanding of fracture patterns, facilitating a more personalized planning, and can be used for resident training and education. We can conclude the current literature regarding the use of 3D printed models in orthopedic surgery agrees finding objective improvements to preoperative planning and to the surgical procedure itself, by shortening the intraoperative time and by the possibility to develop custom-made, patient-specific surgical instruments, and it suggests that there are tangible benefits for its implementation.

scholarly journals A Review of Current Clinical Applications of Three-Dimensional Printing in Spine Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woojin Cho ◽  
Alan Varkey Job ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Jung Hwan Baek
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Spine Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Surgical Guidance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surgical Simulations ◽  
3D Printers ◽  
Visual Understanding

<p>Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a transformative technology with a potentially wide range of applications in the field of orthopaedic spine surgery. This article aims to review the current applications, limitations, and future developments of 3D printing technology in orthopaedic spine surgery. Current preoperative applications of 3D printing include construction of complex 3D anatomic models for improved visual understanding, preoperative surgical planning, and surgical simulations for resident education. Intraoperatively, 3D printers have been successfully used in surgical guidance systems and in the creation of patient specific implantable devices. Furthermore, 3D printing is revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, allowing construction of biocompatible scaffolds suitable for cell growth and vasculature. Advances in printing technology and evidence of positive clinical outcomes are needed before there is an expansion of 3D printing applied to the clinical setting.</p>

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