scholarly journals Fresh-Water Mollusks as Biomonitors for Ecotoxicity of Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Natalia Abramenko ◽  
Petr Mashkin ◽  
Sergey Volkov ◽  
Vladimir Olshanskiy ◽  
Leonid Kustov
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Neural Systems ◽  
Unio Tumidus

The use of different nanoparticles (NPs) is growing every year since discoveries of their unique properties. The wide use of nanomaterials has raised concerns about their safety and possible accumulation in the aquatic environment. Mussels are being considered as one of the most suitable organisms for bioaccumulation monitoring. Within our study, we focused on developing the method that can be applied in field studies of ecotoxicity and can be nondestructive and informative at early times of exposure, while at the same time being based on changes of physiological parameters of fresh water mussels. The changes in the cardiovascular and neural systems of mollusks (Anodonta anatina and Unio tumidus) were measured as biomarkers of toxic effects. Different monometallic and bimetallic NPs, silicon NPs with various ligands were applied as test substances. Changes in cardiovascular and neural functions were in good correlation with accumulation tests for all tested NPs.

ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND REPRODUCTIVE INDICATORS OF FIRSTMATURED HYBRID FORMS OF STURGEON

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B. Akhmetzhanova ◽  
◽  
Zakari Miburo ◽  
S.V. Ponomarev ◽  
Y.V. Fedorovykh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Russian Sturgeon ◽  
Hybrid Form ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Siberian Species ◽  
Hybrid Forms

The article presents data on morphological and physiological parameters of first-matured females of Russian sturgeon and its hybrid form with a Siberian species, grown in artificial conditions by LLC “Akvatrade”, operating in the Lower Volga region (Astrakhan region). It was found that Russian sturgeon juveniles adapt less satisfactorily to the low winter temperatures of the aquatic environment in comparison with hybrid forms with the Siberian species. As for the offspring obtained from hybrid females, their resistance to low winter temperatures of the aquatic environment was higher, most likely due to features inherited from the Siberian species.

scholarly journals Assessing risk to fresh water resources from long term CO2 injection–laboratory and field studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1957-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca C. Smyth ◽  
Susan D. Hovorka ◽  
Jiemin Lu ◽  
Katherine D. Romanak ◽  
Judson W. Partin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Co2 Injection

Unionacean Clams as Indicators of Persistent Substances in Fresh Water

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (S1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
A Forester
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Coastal Pollution ◽  
Biological Availability ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
Secondary Function ◽  
Shield Lakes

Measurement of total or nominal pollutant concentration in the physical compartment of the aquatic environment (water, sediments, etc.) seldom gives a valid indication of the ultimate threat to the ecosystem. An alternative is to use a living organis to reflect the biological availability of the contaminant and to integrate its changing levels in the environment by monitoring over an extended period. Pelecypods have been used as indicators of marine coastal pollution, but have received relatively little attention in fresh waters. The large, unionacean clams and mussels show a number of features which suggest that they would be useful as monitors of biological availability of freshwater pollutants: ability to accumulate a wide variety of contaminants; mode of feeding; position on food chain; longevity; sedentary habits; facility with which their age can be determined; abundance; distribution; size and hardiness. The current programme is concerned with: (1) evaluating unionaceans as potential indicators and the factors that affect pollutant uptake; (2) development of the methodology for monitoring; and (3) characterisation of the pollutant status of Ontario shield lakes which are subject to direct inputs of toxic metals with the precipitation and their mobilisation through the ecosystem as a secondary function of environmental acidification.

scholarly journals Pelagic sea snakes dehydrate at sea

2014 ◽  
Vol 281 (1782) ◽  
pp. 20140119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey B. Lillywhite ◽  
Coleman M. Sheehy ◽  
François Brischoux ◽  
Alana Grech
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Heavy Precipitation ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Freshwater Lens ◽  
Sea Snakes ◽  
Tropical Oceans ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Marine Vertebrates

Secondarily marine vertebrates are thought to live independently of fresh water. Here, we demonstrate a paradigm shift for the widely distributed pelagic sea snake, Hydrophis ( Pelamis ) platurus , which dehydrates at sea and spends a significant part of its life in a dehydrated state corresponding to seasonal drought. Snakes that are captured following prolonged periods without rainfall have lower body water content, lower body condition and increased tendencies to drink fresh water than do snakes that are captured following seasonal periods of high rainfall. These animals do not drink seawater and must rehydrate by drinking from a freshwater lens that forms on the ocean surface during heavy precipitation. The new data based on field studies indicate unequivocally that this marine vertebrate dehydrates at sea where individuals may live in a dehydrated state for possibly six to seven months at a time. This information provides new insights for understanding water requirements of sea snakes, reasons for recent declines and extinctions of sea snakes and more accurate prediction for how changing patterns of precipitation might affect these and other secondarily marine vertebrates living in tropical oceans.

Field Studies on the Oxygen Requirements of Certain Fresh-Water Fishes

Ecology ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Oxygen Requirements

Beneficial and Toxic Effects of Chromium in Plants: Solution Culture, Pot and Field Studies.

1993 ◽  
pp. 147-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Barceló ◽  
Charlotte Poschenrieder ◽  
María Dolores Vázquez ◽  
Benet Gunsé
Keyword(s):  
Field Studies ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Toxic Effects

Experimental and field studies on the viability of eggs, and the infectivity of third-stage larvae of the human hookworm Necator americanus recovered from the creek waters of the Niger Delta, Nigeria, and their epidemiological significance

Parasitology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Udonsi
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Necator Americanus ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laboratory Cultures

SUMMARYIn a combined field and laboratory study, the eggs and 3rd-stage infective larvae of the human hookworm Necator americanus were recovered from the creek waters of the Niger Delta, Nigeria. They were tested for viability and infectivity. Eggs recovered from fresh water creeks showed a viability or hatching index of between 17·5 and 23·7%. Eggs recovered from brackish water showed a viability index of 18·8–21·4% in ‘normal’ cultures, and a maximum index of 6·3% when cultured in brackish water. The differences in the viability indices of these eggs were not significant (P > 0·05). Infective 3rd-stage larvae were recovered from both fresh creek water (205–258 L3/litre of water), and brackish water (45 L3/litre of water). Larvae hatched from brackish water eggs that were cultured in the brackish water were 20% infective by 3 days, but lost all infective potential by 7 days posthatching. Larvae from fresh water eggs, cultured in fresh water and ‘normal’ laboratory cultures reached 50% infectivity in 3–5 days, losing potential infectivity in 11–15 days posthatching. The infectivity patterns of larvae recovered directly from fresh and brackish waters did not differ significantly (P > 0·05) from the infectivity patterns of larvae recovered from laboratory cultures of eggs from all the experimental sources. Although larvae recovered directly from fresh and brackish waters survived in these respective media under laboratory conditions, there was a significant difference (P < 0·05) in their survival patterns. The survival and infectivity rates of field larvae were considerably reduced over time relative to control larvae. These results indicate that both contaminated fresh and brackish water creeks and their banks may form additional hookworm infection foci in areas where various water contact activities are carried out by the human host population.

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