scholarly journals Insights into Sorption–Mineralization Mechanism for Sustainable Granular Composite of MgO-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 Based on Nanosized Adsorption Centers and Its Effect on Aqueous Cu(II) Removal

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Alla G. Morozova ◽  
Tatiana M. Lonzinger ◽  
Vadim A. Skotnikov ◽  
Gennady G. Mikhailov ◽  
Yury Kapelyushin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Defect Formation ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Reverse Migration ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Copper Sorption ◽  
Temporary Binder

Although copper is needed for living organisms at low concentrations, it is one of the pollutants that should be monitored along with other heavy metals. A novel and sustainable composite mineralizing sorbent based on MgO-CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-CO2 with nanosized adsorption centers was synthesized using natural calcium–magnesium carbonates and clay aluminosilicates for copper sorption. An organometallic modifier was added as a temporary binder and a source of inovalent ions participating in the reactions of defect formation and activated sintering. The sorbent-mineralizer samples of specified composition and properties showed irreversible sorption of Cu2+ ions by the ion exchange reactions Ca2+ ↔ Cu2+ and Mg2+ ↔ Cu2+. The topochemical reactions of the ion exchange 2OH− → CO32−, 2OH− → SO42− and CO32− → SO42− occurred at the surface with formation of the mixed calcium–copper carbonates and sulfates structurally connected with aluminosilicate matrix. The reverse migration of ions to the environment is blocked by the subsequent mineralization of the newly formed interconnected aluminosilicate and carbonate structures.

The content of lead in herbal drugs and tea samples

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Kaličanin ◽  
Dragan Velimirović
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Toxic Metal ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Microanalytical Technique ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Potentiometric Stripping Analysis ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractHeavy metals are highly toxic to living organisms even in low concentrations owing to their cumulative effect. In this study the overall content of lead in herbal drugs was determined, as well as the content of lead which was released from tested drugs during the preparation of tea drinks. To determine the content of toxic lead, the highly sensitive microanalytical technique of the potentiometric stripping analysis (PSA) with oxygen as the oxidant was used. The lowest overall content of lead was detected for chamomile and ranged from 0.73 to 0.77 µg/g, while the greatest content of lead was determined in the samples of the frangula bark, and yielded approximately 3 µg/g. The lead content in the prepared tea drinks ranged from 0.26 to 1.23 µg/g and depended on the manner in which tea drink was prepared. All of the herbal drugs in this study contain a certain amount of the toxic metal lead, but at the same time, the contents were below the levels prescribed for this metal. The content of lead released from the herbal drug into the tea drink was three to five times lower than those of the overall content of this metal.

scholarly journals A review on heavy metals biosorption in the environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole ◽  
Binta Buba Adamu ◽  
Emmanuel Olalekan Oladoja ◽  
Adeoluwa Nancy Balogun ◽  
Banke Mary Okunlola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Process Improvement ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Metal Affinity ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Organisms

Heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), thallium (Tl) and lead (Pb). Little amounts of some heavy metals are needed by living organisms, however excessive levels of these metals can be harmful to the organisms due to their level of toxicity and accumulation behaviour. Different methods such as electrodeposition, electrocoagulation and nanofiltration system have been used to decontaminate the environment from adverse effect of these pollutants yet most of the methods used are ineffective. Biosorption is the removal of organic and inorganic substances from solution by biological material. Cheap biosorbents for the removal of metals are bacteria, fungi, algae, plants, industrial wastes and agricultural wastes. There are many mechanisms involved in biosorption some of which are not fully understood, examples are precipitation, ion exchange, complexation and adsorption. The efficiency of biosorption depends on many factors such as, temperature, characteristics of the biomass, pH, surface area to volume ratio, metal affinity to the biosorbent, concentration and characteristics of the biomass. Compared to other methods biosorption is operated over a wide range of physiochemical conditions and it uses naturally rich renewable biomaterials that can be cheaply produced. However, the potential for biological process improvement (for example through genetic engineering of cells) is restricted because cells are not metabolizing. Biosorption is in its developmental stages and further improvement in both performance and costs can be expected in future.

scholarly journals The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Marina Burachevskaya ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Vishnu Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Cu And Zn

The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

scholarly journals Ion Exchange Lithography: Localized Ion Exchange Reactions for Spatial Patterning of Perovskite Semiconductors and Insulators

2021 ◽  
pp. 2005291
Author(s):  
Lukas Helmbrecht ◽  
Moritz H. Futscher ◽  
Loreta A. Muscarella ◽  
Bruno Ehrler ◽  
Willem L. Noorduin
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Exchange Reactions

Orthogonal Investigation of Influencing Factors on the Modification of Montmorillonite by THPC in Acid Conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 936 ◽  
pp. 1017-1021
Author(s):  
Pan Chen ◽  
Jin Cheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Phosphonium Salts ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Quaternary Phosphonium Salts

Na-MMT was modified with quaternary phosphonium salts, tetramethylolphosphonium chloride (THPC), via ion-exchange reactions, in acid conditions. Different factors such as reaction time , reaction temperature, the types of solvent, and CEC ratios, were investigated using orthogonal test. Results showed that the best combination of these four factors were A1B3C1D1, that is, the type of the solvent was acetone and water (1:1), reaction time was 3h, CEC ratio was 1:1, and the reaction temperature was 80°C.

Kinetics of Ion-Exchange Reactions in Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Thin Films Studied by In Situ Real-Time X-ray Scattering

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (23) ◽  
pp. 6750-6754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Greco ◽  
Alexander Hinderhofer ◽  
M. Ibrahim Dar ◽  
Neha Arora ◽  
Jan Hagenlocher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Exchange Reactions ◽  
Inorganic Perovskite ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Kinetics Of Ion Exchange

scholarly journals Kandungan Logam Berat Besi (Fe) Pada Air, Sedimen, Dan Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) Di Perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Supriyantini ◽  
Hadi Endrawati
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Living Organisms

Logam berat Fe merupakan logam berat essensial yang keberadaannya dalam jumlah tertentu sangat dibutuhkan oleh organisme hidup, namun dalam jumlah yang berlebih dapat menimbulkan efek racun.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan dan tingkat pencemaran logam berat Fe pada air, sedimen, dan kerang hijau (Perna viridis) di perairan Tanjung Emas Semarang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 7 November dan 7 Desember 2013 dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Logam berat Fe dalam sampel air, sedimen dan kerang hijau dianalisis di Laboratorium Balai Besar Teknologi Pencegahan Pencemaran Industri (BTPPI) Semarang dengan menggunakan metode AAS (AtomicAbsorption Spectrophotometry). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perairan Tanjung Emas masih dalam taraf terkontaminasi logam Fe. Sedangkan pada sedimen dan pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis) sudah terindikasi tercemar logam Fe.Meskipun demikian variasi faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, salinitas, pH, kecepatan arus dan jenis sedimen juga memberikan kontribusi yang cukup penting terhadap kandungan logam Fe.Kata Kunci: logam Fe, Air, Sedimen, Perna viridis, metode AAS Heavy metalsiron(Fe) is anessentialheavy metalswhose presencein a certain amountis neededby living organisms, but inexcessiveamountscan causetoxic effects.The aims of the research is to analyze the heavy metals coccentration and the pollution level of Fe in water, sediment, and green mussels (Perna viridis) at Tanjung Emas Semarang. This research was conducted from 7 November and 7 December 2013 using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and research methodswithdescriptive. The results showed that the waters of the Tanjung Emas is still in the stage of heavy metals contaminated iron (Fe). Sediment and green mussels (Perna viridis)already indicated heavy metal contaminatediron. However, variations inenvironmental factorssuch astemperature, salinity, pH, flow velocity an dsediment types also providean important contributionto heavy metal contentof iron(Fe).Key Words: Fe, water, sediment, Perna viridis, metode AAS

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