scholarly journals The Impact of the Surface Modification on Tin-Doped Indium Oxide Nanocomposite Properties

Nanomaterials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Arash Fattahi ◽  
Peyman Koohsari ◽  
Muhammad Shadman Lakmehsari ◽  
Khashayar Ghandi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrocatalytic Properties ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Computational Data ◽  
The Impact

This review provides an analysis of the theoretical methods to study the effects of surface modification on structural properties of nanostructured indium tin oxide (ITO), mainly by organic compounds. The computational data are compared with experimental data such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data with the focus on optoelectronic and electrocatalytic properties of the surface to investigate potential relations of these properties and applications of ITO in fields such as biosensing and electronic device fabrication. Our analysis shows that the change in optoelectronic properties of the surface is mainly due to functionalizing the surface with organic molecules and that the electrocatalytic properties vary as a function of size.

scholarly journals Effects of suspended micro- and nanoscale particles on zooplankton functional diversity of drainage system reservoirs at an open-pit mine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Goździejewska ◽  
Monika Gwoździk ◽  
Sławomir Kulesza ◽  
Mirosław Bramowicz ◽  
Jacek Koszałka
Keyword(s):  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Nanoscale Particles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Suspension Parameters ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Size Of Particles ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Water from mining drainage is turbid because of suspensions. We tested the hypothesis that the chemical composition as well as shape and size of particles in suspensions of natural origin affect the density and functional diversity of zooplankton. The suspensions were analyzed with atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical microscopy. Elements found in the beidellite clays were also identified in the mineral structure of the particles. As the size of the microparticles decreased, the weight proportions of phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine increased in the suspensions. These conditions facilitated the biomass growth of large and small microphages and raptorials. As the size of the nanoparticles decreased, the shares of silicon, aluminum, iron, and magnesium increased. These conditions inhibited raptorials the most. Ecosystem functionality was the highest with intermediate suspension parameters, which were at the lower range of the microphase and the upper range of the nanophase. The functional traits of zooplankton demonstrate their potential for use as sensitive indicators of disruptions in aquatic ecosystems that are linked with the presence of suspensions, and they facilitate gaining an understanding of the causes and scales of the impact of suspensions.

scholarly journals Controlling the thermal conductivity of multilayer graphene by strain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaito Nakagawa ◽  
Kazuo Satoh ◽  
Shuichi Murakami ◽  
Kuniharu Takei ◽  
Seiji Akita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
Multilayer Graphene ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Thermal Switches ◽  
Heat Transport Properties ◽  
Generation Information

AbstractStraintronics is a new concept to enhance electronic device performances by strain for next-generation information sensors and energy-saving technologies. The lattice deformation in graphene can modulate the thermal conductivity because phonons are the main heat carriers. However, the device fabrication process affects graphene’s heat transport properties due to its high stretchability. This study experimentally investigates the change in the thermal conductivity when biaxial tensile strain is applied to graphene. To eliminate non-strain factors, two mechanisms are considered: pressure-induced and electrostatic attraction–induced strain. Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy precisely estimate the strain. The thermal conductivity of graphene decreases by approximately 70% with a strain of only 0.1%. Such thermal conductivity controllability paves the way for applying graphene as high-efficiency thermal switches and diodes in future thermal management devices.

Research in Surface Modification and Anti-Fouling of Polypropylene Porous Membrane

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 353-356
Author(s):  
Chao Lin Miao ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Porous Membrane ◽  
Grafting Polymerization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Polypropylene Membrane ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Scanning Electron

Surface modification of microporous polypropylene membrane was performed by grafting polymerization of acrylamide.The morphological and microstructure changes of the membrane surface were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The results indicate that the pore size of the grafted membrane was reduced.

Influence of organoclay filler and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) on the properties of the low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/thermoplastic starch (TPS) blend

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112097627
Author(s):  
Dalila Smail ◽  
Saliha Chaoui
Keyword(s):  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Impact

In this study low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/nanoclay (O-Mt) nanocomposites were prepared by a melt blending process using a Brabender mixer. Dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and nanoclay (O-Mt) were studied to improve interfacial adhesion and to obtain the various desired properties of the nanocomposites. The structure and properties of the materials were studied by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and by tensile and Izod impact tests. X-ray diffraction analysis of the nanocomposites showed that the characteristic peaks of the clay were shifted to the lower angles, indicating an intercalated structure in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP). The TGA curve indicated an improvement in the thermal stability of the materials with the amount of silicate and DCP. The mechanical properties of the materials were improved as a consequence of the increase in phase adhesion which gave an improvement in crystallinity confirmed by DSC. In addition, the impact strength of the modified materials was improved compared to the original materials. A modification of morphology as well as roughness was demonstrated by SEM and AFM.

Atomic Force Microscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study on the Surface and Interface States of Liq and ITO Films

2010 ◽  
Vol 152-153 ◽  
pp. 566-571
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Li ◽  
Qing Song ◽  
Wei Bing Shi ◽  
Fu Jia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Interface States ◽  
Xps Spectra ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Surface And Interface ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Blue Electroluminescent Material

An understanding of the surface and interface states of the organic material and the underlying andoe material is meaningful for organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The 8-Hydroxyquinolinolatolithium (Liq) was deposited on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated glass by traditional vacuum evaporation.The thickness of Liq is about 120nm. The morphology, surface and interface electron states of the Liq and the underlying ITO have been investigated with the utilization of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) technology. AFM observation indicated that Liq grows in the shape of an asymmetrically-distributed island, with each island resembling a round hillock and different size. The Liq film is not very uniform and teemed with many pinholes and cracks.The analysis on XPS spectra of the surface of the Liq/ITO samples shows that, the core-levels of Li1s, C1s, N1s, O1s, In3d5/2, and Sn3d5/2, spectra slightly shift towards lower binding energy with the increase of the sputtering time, which may be caused by the effect of oxygen, indium and tin in ITO diffusing into Liq layer and the argon ions beam with energy. Coordination bond between Li atoms and N atoms does not exist in Liq, which is the main reason why Liq is the blue electroluminescent material. The C atoms mainly bond to C, N and O atoms, forming C-C, C-N=C and C-O bonds, respectively. And there is a speculation of the existence of contaminated C atoms in the surface of ITO, while the O atoms basically originate from quinolate rings and the absorption of O2 and H2O. At the interface N and O, In and Sn interact to some extent, which probably affects the emitting colour of Liq based OLEDs. The analysis of surface of In3d and Sn3d spectrum by XPS provides additional evidence of the existence of cracks and pinholes in Liq layer, leading to much absorption of air molecules.

An approach to durable poly(vinylidene fluoride) thin film loudspeaker

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2904-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.S. Lee ◽  
J.Y. Kim ◽  
D.E. Lee ◽  
J. Joo ◽  
S. Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Low Surface Energy ◽  
Oxide Electrodes ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride

The piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) surface possessing low surface energy was modified by the ion-assisted-reaction (IAR) method for the application of thin film speaker. The IAR-treated hydrophilic PVDF surface was investigated using atomic force microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The adhesion strength between various types of electrodes and the film was dramatically improved due to the hydrophilic functional groups, such as –C–O–, –(C=O)–, –(C=O)–O–, and so forth. A durable loudspeaker film was fabricated by enhancing the adhesion between the screen-printed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) and the modified PVDF films. The PVDF speaker film with the PEDOT/PSS electrode showed higher durability, flatter sound pressure level characteristics, and easier processability compared to metals or indium tin oxide electrodes.

New Insights into the Microstructural Analysis of Graphene Oxide

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Soni ◽  
Ayushi Sethiya ◽  
Nusrat Sahiba ◽  
Mahendra Singh Dhaka ◽  
Shikha Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
The Impact

Aim and Objective: To explore the impact of synthesis conditions (temperature and time) on properties of developed graphene oxide (GO). Background: A highly promising approach has been used for the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) from graphite flakes using modified Hummers method. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used as an intercalating agent and the oxidation was done with the help of potassium permanganate and hydrogen peroxide. Method: The present method does not need expensive membranes for the filtration of Carbon and metal containing residues. The pre-cooling method is used to eradicate the explosive behavior of intermediate steps. The high quality of synthesized graphene oxides was confirmed by a series of characterization techniques including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Results: The results indicated the presence of Oxygen containing functional groups, and a rise in the Oxygen content confirmed the synthesis of high quality graphene oxide. Conclusion: As per obtained experimental findings and subsequent analysis, the synthesized high quality graphene oxide could be used in the design of membranes for water treatment applications.

Investigation of the Effect of Uv-Assisted Oxidation and Nitridation of Hafnium Metal Films

2003 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Essary ◽  
V. Craciun ◽  
J. M. Howard ◽  
R. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Grazing Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metal Thin Films ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Si Substrates ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Silicon Interface

AbstractHf metal thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum and in ammonia ambients. The films were then oxidized at 400 °C in 300 Torr of O2. Half the samples were oxidized in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a Hg lamp array. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing angle X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystallinity, roughness, and composition of the films. It has been found that UV radiation causes roughening of the films and also promotes crystallization at lower temperatures.Furthermore, increased silicon oxidation at the interface was noted with the UVirradiated samples and was shown to be in the form of a mixed layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Incorporation of nitrogen into the film reduces the oxidation of the silicon interface.

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