scholarly journals Multiple Selection Criteria for Probiotic Strains with High Potential for Obesity Management

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 713
Author(s):  
Jeanne Alard ◽  
Benoit Cudennec ◽  
Denise Boutillier ◽  
Véronique Peucelle ◽  
Amandine Descat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Probiotic Strains

Since alterations of the gut microbiota have been shown to play a major role in obesity, probiotics have attracted attention. Our aim was to identify probiotic candidates for the management of obesity using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. We evaluated in vitro the ability of 23 strains to limit lipid accumulation in adipocytes and to enhance the secretion of satiety-promoting gut peptide in enteroendocrine cells. Following the in vitro screening, selected strains were further investigated in vivo, single, or as mixtures, using a murine model of diet-induced obesity. Strain Bifidobacterium longum PI10 administrated alone and the mixture of B. animalis subsp. lactis LA804 and Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 limited body weight gain and reduced obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction and inflammation. These protective effects were associated with changes in the hypothalamic gene expression of leptin and leptin receptor as well as with changes in the composition of gut microbiota and the profile of bile acids. This study provides crucial clues to identify new potential probiotics as effective therapeutic approaches in the management of obesity, while also providing some insights into their mechanisms of action.

Effects of flavonoids on intestinal inflammation, barrier integrity and changes in gut microbiota during diet-induced obesity

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Gil-Cardoso ◽  
Iris Ginés ◽  
Montserrat Pinent ◽  
Anna Ardévol ◽  
Mayte Blay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

AbstractDiet-induced obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation, which, in most cases, leads to the development of metabolic disorders, primarily insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although prior studies have implicated the adipose tissue as being primarily responsible for obesity-associated inflammation, the latest discoveries have correlated impairments in intestinal immune homeostasis and the mucosal barrier with increased activation of the inflammatory pathways and the development of insulin resistance. Therefore, it is essential to define the mechanisms underlying the obesity-associated gut alterations to develop therapies to prevent and treat obesity and its associated diseases. Flavonoids appear to be promising candidates among the natural preventive treatments that have been identified to date. They have been shown to protect against several diseases, including CVD and various cancers. Furthermore, they have clear anti-inflammatory properties, which have primarily been evaluated in non-intestinal models. At present, a growing body of evidence suggests that flavonoids could exert a protective role against obesity-associated pathologies by modulating inflammatory-related cellular events in the intestine and/or the composition of the microbiota populations. The present paper will review the literature to date that has described the protective effects of flavonoids on intestinal inflammation, barrier integrity and gut microbiota in studies conducted using in vivo and in vitro models.

scholarly journals In Vitro Characterization of Gut Microbiota-Derived Commensal Strains: Selection of Parabacteroides distasonis Strains Alleviating TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Cuffaro ◽  
Aka L. W. Assohoun ◽  
Denise Boutillier ◽  
Lenka Súkeníková ◽  
Jérémy Desramaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Regulatory T Lymphocytes ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Alterations in the gut microbiota composition and diversity seem to play a role in the development of chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to gut barrier disruption and induction of proinflammatory immune responses. This opens the door for the use of novel health-promoting bacteria. We selected five Parabacteroides distasonis strains isolated from human adult and neonates gut microbiota. We evaluated in vitro their immunomodulation capacities and their ability to reinforce the gut barrier and characterized in vivo their protective effects in an acute murine model of colitis. The in vitro beneficial activities were highly strain dependent: two strains exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory potential and restored the gut barrier while a third strain reinstated the epithelial barrier. While their survival to in vitro gastric conditions was variable, the levels of P. distasonis DNA were higher in the stools of bacteria-treated animals. The strains that were positively scored in vitro displayed a strong ability to rescue mice from colitis. We further showed that two strains primed dendritic cells to induce regulatory T lymphocytes from naïve CD4+ T cells. This study provides better insights on the functionality of commensal bacteria and crucial clues to design live biotherapeutics able to target inflammatory chronic diseases such as IBD.

Exopolysaccharide from Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum 35624™ modulates murine allergic airway responses

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 761-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Schiavi ◽  
S. Plattner ◽  
N. Rodriguez-Perez ◽  
W. Barcik ◽  
R. Frei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Respiratory Allergy ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Eosinophil Recruitment

Interactions between the host and the microbiota are thought to significantly influence immunological tolerance mechanisms at mucosal sites. We recently described that the loss of an exopolysaccharide (EPS) from Bifidobacterium longum 35624™ eliminated its protective effects in colitis and respiratory allergy murine models. Our goal was to investigate the immune response to purified EPS from B. longum 35624, determine if it has protective effects within the lung and identify the protective mechanisms. Isolated EPS from B. longum 35624 cultures was used for in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies. Human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDCs) were used to investigate in vitro immunological responses to EPS. Cytokine secretion, expression of surface markers and signalling pathways were examined. The ovalbumin (OVA) respiratory allergy murine model was used to evaluate the in vivo immunomodulatory potential of EPS. In addition, interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mice and anti-Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 blocking antibody were used to examine the underlying protective mechanisms of intranasal EPS administration. Stimulation of human MDDCs with EPS resulted in IL-10 secretion, but not proinflammatory cytokines. IL-10 secretion was TLR-2-dependent. Eosinophil recruitment to the lungs was significantly decreased by EPS intranasal exposure, which was associated with decreased expression of the Th2-associated markers C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11), C-C chemokine receptor type 3 (CCR3), IL-4 and IL-13. TLR-2-mediated IL-10 secretion was shown to be required for the reduction in eosinophils and Th2 cytokines. EPS-treatment reduced eosinophil recruitment within the lung in a respiratory inflammation mouse model, which is both TLR-2 and IL-10 mediated. EPS can be considered as a novel molecule potentially reducing the severity of chronic eosinophil-related airway disorders.

scholarly journals Bauhiniastatin-1 alleviates diet induced obesity and lipid accumulation through modulating PPAR-γ/AMPK expressions: In-vitro, in-vivo and in-silico studies.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karunakaran Reddy Sankaran ◽  
Lokanatha Oruganti ◽  
Muni Swamy Ganjayi ◽  
Venkataramaiah Chintha ◽  
Muni Kesavulu Muppuru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Blot Analysis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Abstract Background: Consumption of energy dense foods and sedentary lifestyles have led to high prevalence of obesity and associated disorders. Intensive research efforts have focussed to develop effective alternative therapeutics from plant sources. Bauhiniastatins have been reported to possess antineoplastic activity. In the present study, Bauhiniastatin-1 (BSTN1) was isolated and purified from Bauhinia purpurea and evaluated for its therapeutic efficacy against adipogenesis and obesity using high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rodent model and 3T3-L1 cells.Methods: We performed in-vitro experiments like MTT assay, Oil Red O (ORO) stain, cellular lipid content, glycerol release and RT-PCR analysis in 3T3-L1 cells. In-vivo parameters like body weight gain, body composition, plasma adipokines, serum & liver lipid profiles, liver marker enzymes, western blot analysis and histopathological examination were conducted in rat model. In addition, molecular docking studies were also performed to understand interaction of BSTN1 with peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptor (PPAR-γ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which supported our experimental results.Results: BSTN1 at 20 μM significantly (p<0.001) inhibited cell differentiation and lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mechanistic studies showed that mRNA expression of key adipogenic markers, PPAR-γ, fatty acid synthase (FAS) and sterol-regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP1) were down-regulated while AMPK was up-regulated by BSTN1. Oral administration of BSTN1 (5 mg/kg. b.wt.) to HFD-induced obese rats substantially decreased body weight gain, fat mass, serum and liver lipid levels and promoted integrity of hepatic and adipose tissue architecture compared to HFD-control rats. In BSTN1 administered groups, decreased serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, decreased plasma leptin but increased adiponectin levels were noted. Western blot analysis of adipose and hepatic tissues collected from BSTN1 treated rats showed decreased expression level of PPAR-γ but increase in AMPK expression relative to the untreated group. In-silico studies showed strong binding interactions of BSTN1 against PPAR-γ and AMPK, the key molecules of adipogenesis and obesity.Conclusions: Taken together, the results suggest that BSTN1 could be promising molecule for the treatment of diet-induced obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Germinated grains: a superior whole grain functional food?

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 429-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Nelson ◽  
Lily Stojanovska ◽  
Todor Vasiljevic ◽  
Michael Mathai
Keyword(s):  
Functional Food ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Grain Foods

Grains are global dietary staples that when consumed in whole grain form, offer considerable health benefits compared with milled grain foods, including reduced body weight gain and reduced cardiovascular and diabetes risks. Dietary patterns, functional foods, and other lifestyle factors play a fundamental role in the development and management of epidemic lifestyle diseases that share risks of developing adverse metabolic outcomes, including hyperglycaemia, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Whole grains provide energy, nutrients, fibres, and bioactive compounds that may synergistically contribute to their protective effects. Despite their benefits, the intake of grains appears to be lower than recommended in many countries. Of emerging interest is the application of germination processes, which may significantly enhance the nutritional and bioactive content of grains, as well as improve palatability. Enhancing grain foods in a natural way using germination techniques may therefore offer a practical, natural, dietary intervention to increase the health benefits and acceptability of whole grains, with potentially widespread effects across populations in attenuating adverse lifestyle disease outcomes. Continuing to build on the growing body of in-vitro studies requires substantiation with extended in-vivo trials so that we may further develop our understanding of the potential of germinated grains as a functional food.

scholarly journals D-allulose ameliorates adiposity through the AMPK-SIRT1-PGC-1α pathway in HFD-induced SD rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geum Hwa Lee ◽  
Cheng Peng ◽  
Hwa-Young Lee ◽  
Seon-Ah Park ◽  
The-Hiep Hoang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Reduced Body

Background: Adiposity is a major health-risk factor, and D-allulose has beneficial effects on adiposity-related metabolic disturbances. However, the modes of action underlying anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activity are partly understood. Objective: This study investigated the in vivo and in vitro effects of D-allulose involved in adipogenesis and activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Design: In this study, 8-week-old male SD (Sprague Dawley) rats were divided into five groups (n = 8/group), (1) Control (chow diet, 3.5%); (2) 60% HFD; (3) 60% HFD supplemented with allulose powder (AP) at 0.4 g/kg; (4) 60% HFD supplemented with allulose liquid (AL) at 0.4 g/kg; (5) 60% HFD supplemented with glucose (AL) at 0.4 g/kg. All the group received the product through oral gavage for 6 weeks. Control and HFD groups were gavaged with double-distilled water. Results: Rats receiving AP and AL showed reduced body weight gain and fat accumulation in HFD-fed rats. Also, supplementation of AL/AP regulated the cytokine secretion and recovered biochemical parameters to alleviate metabolic dysfunction and hepatic injury. Additionally, AL/AP administration improved adipocyte differentiation via regulation of the PPARγ and C/EBPα signaling pathway and adipogenesis-related genes owing to the combined effect of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway. Furthermore, AL/AP treatment mediated PGC-1α expression triggering mitochondrial genesis via activating the AMPK phosphorylation and SIRT1 deacetylation activity in adipose tissue. Conclusion: The anti-adiposity activity of D-allulose is observed on a marked alleviation in adipogenesis and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α deacetylation in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed rat.

scholarly journals Combinational effects of prebiotic oligosaccharides on bifidobacterial growth and host gene expression in a simplified mixed culture model and neonatal mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Ehara ◽  
Hirohisa Izumi ◽  
Muneya Tsuda ◽  
Yuki Nakazato ◽  
Hiroshi Iwamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mixed Culture ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Neonatal Mice ◽  
Culture Model

AbstractIt is important to provide formula-fed infants with a bifidobacteria-enriched gut microbiota similar to those of breastfed infants to ensure intestinal health. Prebiotics, such as certain oligosaccharides, are a useful solution to this problem, but the combinational benefits of these oligosaccharides have not been evaluated. This study investigated the benefits of oligosaccharide combinations and screened for an optimal combination of oligosaccharides to promote healthy gut microbiota of formula-fed infants. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to assess the bifidogenic effects of lactulose (LAC) alone and LAC combined with raffinose (RAF) and/or galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), using a mixed culture model and neonatal mice orally administered with these oligosaccharides and Bifidobacterium breve. In the in vitro culture model, the combination of the three oligosaccharides (LAC–RAF–GOS) significantly increased cell numbers of B. breve and Bifidobacterium longum (P<0·05) compared with either LAC alone or the combination of two oligosaccharides, and resulted in the production of SCFA under anaerobic conditions. In the in vivo experiment, the LAC–RAF–GOS combination significantly increased cell numbers of B. breve and Bacteroidetes in the large intestinal content (P<0·05) and increased acetate concentrations in the caecal content and serum of neonatal mice. Genes related to metabolism and immune responses were differentially expressed in the liver and large intestine of mice administered with LAC–RAF–GOS. These results indicate a synergistic effect of the LAC–RAF–GOS combination on the growth of bifidobacteria and reveal possible benefits of this combination to the gut microbiota and health of infants.

scholarly journals Multiple Mechanisms Converging on Transcription Factor EB Activation by the Natural Phenol Pterostilbene

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Martina La Spina ◽  
Michele Azzolini ◽  
Andrea Salmaso ◽  
Sofia Parrasia ◽  
Eva Galletta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Activation Of Transcription ◽  
Transcription Factor Eb

Pterostilbene (Pt) is a potentially beneficial plant phenol. In contrast to many other natural compounds (including the more celebrated resveratrol), Pt concentrations producing significant effects in vitro can also be reached with relative ease in vivo. Here we focus on some of the mechanisms underlying its activity, those involved in the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB). A set of processes leading to this outcome starts with the generation of ROS, attributed to the interaction of Pt with complex I of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and spreads to involve Ca2+ mobilization from the ER/mitochondria pool, activation of CREB and AMPK, and inhibition of mTORC1. TFEB migration to the nucleus results in the upregulation of autophagy and lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis. Cells exposed to several μM levels of Pt experience a mitochondrial crisis, an indication for using low doses in therapeutic or nutraceutical applications. Pt afforded significant functional improvements in a zebrafish embryo model of ColVI-related myopathy, a pathology which also involves defective autophagy. Furthermore, long-term supplementation with Pt reduced body weight gain and increased transcription levels of Ppargc1a and Tfeb in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity. These in vivo findings strengthen the in vitro observations and highlight the therapeutic potential of this natural compound.

scholarly journals Comparative Genome Analysis of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis Strains Reveals Variation in Human Milk Oligosaccharide Utilization Genes among Commercial Probiotics

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebbeca M. Duar ◽  
Giorgio Casaburi ◽  
Ryan D. Mitchell ◽  
Lindsey N.C. Scofield ◽  
Camila A. Ortega Ramirez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Fitness Advantage ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

Dysbiosis is associated with acute and long-term consequences for neonates. Probiotics can be effective in limiting the growth of bacteria associated with dysbiosis and promoting the healthy development of the infant microbiome. Given its adaptation to the infant gut, and promising data from animal and in vitro models, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis is an attractive candidate for use in infant probiotics. However, strain-level differences in the ability of commercialized strains to utilize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) may have implications in the performance of strains in the infant gut. In this study, we characterized twelve B. infantis probiotic strains and identified two main variants in one of the HMO utilization gene clusters. Some strains possessed the full repertoire of HMO utilization genes (H5-positive strains), while H5-negative strains lack an ABC-type transporter known to bind core HMO structures. H5-positive strains achieved significantly superior growth on lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-neotetraose. In vitro, H5-positive strains had a significant fitness advantage over H5-negative strains, which was also observed in vivo in breastfed infants. This work provides evidence of the functional implications of genetic differences among B. infantis strains and highlights that genotype and HMO utilization phenotype should be considered when selecting a strain for probiotic use in infants.

Citrus peel extracts attenuated obesity and modulated gut microbiota in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 3363-3373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Chen Tung ◽  
Wei-Tien Chang ◽  
Shiming Li ◽  
Jia-Ching Wu ◽  
Vladimir Badmeav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Citrus Peel ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) and hydroxyl PMFs (HOPMFs) are mainly found in citrus peel and have shown anti-obesity potential in in vitro and in vivo studies.

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