scholarly journals The Effects of Sodium Phosphate Supplementation on the Cardiorespiratory System and Gross Efficiency during Exercise under Hypoxia in Male Cyclists: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3556
Author(s):  
Kamila Płoszczyca ◽  
Robert Gajda ◽  
Miłosz Czuba
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
Hypoxic Environment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum Inorganic Phosphate

The main aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of six days of tri-sodium phosphate (SP) supplementation on the cardiorespiratory system and gross efficiency (GE) during exercise under hypoxia in cyclists. Twenty trained male cyclists received SP (50 mg·kg−1 of fat-free mass/day) or placebo for six days in a randomized, cross-over study, with a three-week washout period between supplementation phases. Before and after each supplementation phase, the subjects performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion under normobaric hypoxia (FiO2 = 16%, ~2500 m). It was observed that short-term SP supplementation led to a decrease in heart rate, an increase in stroke volume, and an improvement in oxygen pulse (VO2/HR) during low and moderate-intensity exercise under hypoxia. These changes were accompanied by an increase in the serum inorganic phosphate level by 8.7% (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in serum calcium levels. GE at a given workload did not change significantly after SP supplementation. These results indicated that SP promotes improvements in the efficiency of the cardiorespiratory system during exercise in a hypoxic environment. Thus, SP supplementation may be beneficial for endurance exercise in hypoxia.

Endurance training decreases plasma glucose turnover and oxidation during moderate-intensity exercise in men

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 990-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Coggan ◽  
W. M. Kohrt ◽  
R. J. Spina ◽  
D. M. Bier ◽  
J. O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Endurance Training ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Before And After

To assess the effects of endurance training on plasma glucose kinetics during moderate-intensity exercise in men, seven men were studied before and after 12 wk of strenuous exercise training (3 days/wk running, 3 days/wk cycling). After priming of the glucose and bicarbonate pools, [U-13C] glucose was infused continuously during 2 h of cycle ergometer exercise at 60% of pretraining peak O2 uptake (VO2) to determine glucose turnover and oxidation. Training increased cycle ergometer peak VO2 by 23% and decreased the respiratory exchange ratio during the final 30 min of exercise from 0.89 +/- 0.01 to 0.85 +/- 0.01 (SE) (P less than 0.001). Plasma glucose turnover during exercise decreased from 44.6 +/- 3.5 mumol.kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1.min-1 before training to 31.5 +/- 4.3 after training (P less than 0.001), whereas plasma glucose clearance (i.e., rate of disappearance/plasma glucose concentration) fell from 9.5 +/- 0.6 to 6.4 +/- 0.8 ml.kg FFM-1.min-1 (P less than 0.001). Oxidation of plasma-derived glucose, which accounted for approximately 90% of plasma glucose disappearance in both the untrained and trained states, decreased from 41.1 +/- 3.4 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1 before training to 27.7 +/- 4.8 after training (P less than 0.001). This decrease could account for roughly one-half of the total reduction in the amount of carbohydrate utilized during the final 30 min of exercise in the trained compared with the untrained state.

Relation of Low and Moderate Intensity Exercise with Acute Mood Change in College Joggers

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie G. Berger ◽  
David R. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Maximum Heart Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Before And After

This study investigated a possible relationship between exercise intensity and mood alteration that commonly is associated with physical activity. 91 college students completed the Profile of Mood States before and after 20 min. of jogging at three intensities: 55%, 75%, and 79% of age-adjusted maximum heart rate on different occasions. Exercisers also completed a demographic inventory, a Lie Scale, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Contrary to our expectations, the interaction between exercise intensity and pre-post mood benefits was not significant. Supporting the manipulation of exercise intensity, the univariate interaction between exercise intensity and pre-post exercise scores on Fatigue was significant. Joggers reported short-term mood benefits on the combined subscales of the Profile of Mood States, and each subscale contributed to the benefits. Thus, regardless of the low- or moderate-intensity, participants reported that they “felt better” after exercising.

scholarly journals KADAR KLORIDA SERUM PADA LATIHAN FISIK INTENSITAS SEDANG MAHASISWA FAKULTAS KEDOKTERAN UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Johannes ◽  
Diana S. Purwanto ◽  
Stefana H. M. Kaligis
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
T Test ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Serum Chloride ◽  
Before And After

Abstract: Chloride as the major anion in the extracellular fluid plays a role in maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance. One of the factors that influence the levels of serum chloride is sweating during physical exercise. This study aimed to determine  the differenceof serum chloride levels before and after moderate intensity exercise in the students of Faculty of Medicine year 2010 Sam Ratulangi University. This is a pre-exsperimental research with pretest and posttest design with 30 students as samples. The samples were chosen using purposive sampling method and the results were analyzed using paired-sample t-test. The results showed the average levels of serum chloride before and after moderate intensity exercise are 106,10 mEq/L and 107,37 mEq/L while paired-sample t-test significance value (p) is 0,000. From the results can be concluded that there is a significant differences in serum chloride levels before and after moderate intensity exercise in the students of Faculty of Medicine year 2010 Sam Ratulangi University. Keyword: serum chloride, moderate intensity exercise, student of Faculty of Medicine Sam Ratulangi University   Abstrak: Klorida sebagai anion utama dalam cairan ekstraselular berperan dalammemelihara keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar klorida serum yaitu keluarnya keringat saat melakukan latihan fisik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar klorida serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas sedang pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi angkatan 2010. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-eksperimental dengan pretest-posttest design, dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang. Sampel penelitian dipilih dengan purposive sampling dan dianalisis dengan uji t berpasangan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kadar klorida serum sebelum melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang adalah 106,10mEq/L, sedangkan rata-rata kadar klorida serum sesudah melakukan latihan fisik intensitas sedang adalah 107,37 mEq/L. Nilai signifikansi uji t berpasangan pada penelitian ini adalah p=0,000. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan kadar klorida serum sebelum dan sesudah latihan fisik intensitas sedang pada mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Angkatan 2010. Kata kunci: klorida serum, latihan fisik intensitas sedang, mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi

scholarly journals Hippocampal Blood Flow Is Increased After 20 min of Moderate-Intensity Exercise

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Steventon ◽  
C Foster ◽  
H Furby ◽  
D Helme ◽  
R G Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Long-term exercise interventions have been shown to be a potent trigger for both neurogenesis and vascular plasticity. However, little is known about the underlying temporal dynamics and specifically when exercise-induced vascular adaptations first occur, which is vital for therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigated whether a single session of moderate-intensity exercise was sufficient to induce changes in the cerebral vasculature. We employed arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging to measure global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) before and after 20 min of cycling. The blood vessels’ ability to dilate, measured by cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to CO2 inhalation, was measured at baseline and 25-min postexercise. Our data showed that CBF was selectively increased by 10–12% in the hippocampus 15, 40, and 60 min after exercise cessation, whereas CVR to CO2 was unchanged in all regions. The absence of a corresponding change in hippocampal CVR suggests that the immediate and transient hippocampal adaptations observed after exercise are not driven by a mechanical vascular change and more likely represents an adaptive metabolic change, providing a framework for exploring the therapeutic potential of exercise-induced plasticity (neural, vascular, or both) in clinical and aged populations.

Thermogenic effect of thyroid hormones: interactions with epinephrine and insulin.

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. E305
Author(s):  
V Piolino ◽  
K J Acheson ◽  
M J Müller ◽  
N Jeanprêtre ◽  
A G Burger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Basal Plasma

The interactions between thyroid hormones, epinephrine, and insulin in the regulation of energy expenditure were investigated in a group of healthy young men before and after thyroxine (T4) treatment (300 micrograms/day for 14 days) at basal plasma insulin concentrations and during hypoinsulinemia with and without epinephrine infusion (0.05 micrograms.kg fat-free mass-1.min-1). T4 treatment induced moderate hyperthyroidism and increased resting energy expenditure (RMR). The effect was more pronounced during short-term hypoinsulinemia, but hypoinsulinemia by itself did not influence RMR. Epinephrine infusion caused a significant increase in energy expenditure. The effect was most pronounced at hypoinsulinemia and with T4 treatment. Hypoinsulinemia and T4 treatment were not additive in their effects. We conclude that basal insulin concentrations mask some of the thermogenic effects of thyroid hormones and epinephrine. Thus insulin antagonism may suppress some of the thermogenic actions of thyroid hormones and epinephrine.

Moderate-intensity exercise affects perceived hunger and fullness but not appetite-related hormones in late pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1162-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kym J. Guelfi ◽  
Rhiannon E. Halse
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Additional Energy Expenditure ◽  
Caloric Consumption

The effect of exercise on appetite and appetite-related hormones during pregnancy is not known. This study found that 30 min of moderate-intensity stationary cycling transiently attenuated hunger and increased fullness in late gestational women (n = 12). Exercise did not affect perceived appetite or appetite-related hormones in response to subsequent caloric consumption. These observations suggest that appetite responses do not intrinsically compensate for the additional energy expenditure induced by exercise, at least in the short term.

scholarly journals Effect of Resistance Training with Different Intensities on Airway Resistance Indices and Fatigue and Muscular Endurance in Women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

Thrita ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameneh Balavi ◽  
Mohsen Ghanbarzade
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Training Exercises

Background: Airways resistance and broncho-spasm due to exercise are very common. Factors such as exercise, temperature, humidity, air pollution, and disease affect this complication. This study was performed due to the increase in physical disability of muscle weakness in patients with MS and the lack of information on the effect of different strength training exercises on air resistance. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance training with different intensities on airway resistance indices of women with MS. Methods: Thirty six women with Multiple sclerosis who had a disability criterion ranged from 1 to 4 (based on Krutzke’s disability scale) were sampled using the targeted and purposive sampling methods. They were selected based on the initial health conditions and then were randomly assigned to each of the three groups (each consisting of 12 participants). The first group received resistance training for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with intensity 60% 1RM, and the second group received resistance training for 12 weeks, three sessions a week with intensity 80% 1RM. Those in the control group didn’t have an exercise program. Results: Airway resistance indices were measured both before and after 12 weeks of resistance training, airway resistance indices in both groups was significantly decreased, and these changes were significant in both experimental groups as compared to the control group. Conclusions: According to the findings, in addition to improving balance, fatigue, and muscle endurance, high-intensity resistance training had similar effects to moderate-intensity exercise on pulmonary function indices in women with MS.

scholarly journals The effect of moderate versus high intensity exercise on heart rate variability in sedentary office workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Vibha Gangwar ◽  
Manish Kumar Verma ◽  
Ritesh Singh Gangwar ◽  
Nitin Ashok John ◽  
Rajani Bala Jasrotia
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii

Background: Sedentary behavior is one of the leading modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Physical exercise exerts beneficial physiological effects on cardiovascular fitness. Different grades of physical exercise have different effects on cardiovascular health. Objective: To compare the effect of moderate and high intensity exercise training on heart rate variability (HRV) in sedentary office workers. Methods: This study was conducted on 40 healthy sedentary volunteers aged between 20-40 years of both the genders. Participants were distributed into two groups of 20 subjects each. Subjects of group I and group II performed moderate intensity and high intensity exercise respectively on bicycle ergometer for 12 weeks. Their 5- minute ECG recording was done by three channel physiograph, and frequency domain indices of HRV and heart rate (HR) were analyzed and compared before and after exercise training. Their blood pressure was also recorded and compared before and after exercise training. Independent sample t-test and paired sample ttest were used for statistical analysis. Results: HF, systolic and diastolic blood pressure reduced significantly after exercise in group II (p=0.015, 0.005, and 0.015 respectively) while HR and LF/HF ratio reduced in both group I and group II (p=0.000 for HR, and 0.034, 0.001 for LF/HF). The decrease in HR was greater after high intensity exercise than moderate intensity exercise (p= 0.025). Conclusion: Parasympathetic activity improves after moderate and high intensity exercise but improvement is more after high intensity exercise training. Therefore, high intensity exercise training is more beneficial than moderate intensity exercise training. J Bngladesh Soc Physiol 2021;16(1): 16-23

scholarly journals Effects of short-term graded dietary carbohydrate intake on intramuscular and whole-body metabolism during moderate-intensity exercise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed A. Maunder ◽  
Helen E. Bradley ◽  
Colleen S. Deane ◽  
Adrian B. Hodgson ◽  
Michael Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Whole Body Metabolism ◽  
Isocaloric Diets

Altering dietary carbohydrate (CHO) intake modulates fuel utilization during exercise. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of metabolic responses to graded changes in short-term (< 1 week) dietary CHO intake. Thirteen active men performed interval running exercise combined with isocaloric diets over 3 days before evaluation of metabolic responses to 60-min running at 65% V̇O2max on three occasions. Diets contained lower (LOW, 2.40 ± 0.66 g CHO.kg-1.d-1, 21.3 ± 0.5% of energy intake [EI]), moderate (MOD, 4.98 ± 1.31 g CHO.kg-1.d-1, 46.3 ± 0.7% EI), or higher (HIGH, 6.48 ± 1.56 g CHO.kg-1.d-1, 60.5 ± 1.6% EI) CHO. Pre-exercise muscle glycogen content was lower in LOW (54.3 ± 26.4 mmol.kg-1 wet weight [ww]) compared to MOD (82.6 ± 18.8 mmol.kg-1 ww) and HIGH (80.4 ± 26.0 mmol.kg-1 ww, P<0.001; MOD vs. HIGH, P=0.85). Whole-body substrate oxidation, systemic responses, and muscle substrate utilization during exercise indicated increased fat and decreased CHO metabolism in LOW (RER: 0.81 ± 0.01) compared to MOD (RER 0.86 ± 0.01, P = 0.0005) and HIGH (RER: 0.88 ± 0.01, P < 0.0001; MOD vs. HIGH, P=0.14). Higher basal muscle expression of genes encoding proteins implicated in fat utilization was observed in LOW. In conclusion, muscle glycogen availability and subsequent metabolic responses to exercise were resistant to increases in dietary CHO intake from ~5.0 to ~6.5 g CHO.kg-1.d-1 (46% to 61% EI), while muscle glycogen, gene expression and metabolic responses were sensitive to more marked reductions in CHO intake (~2.4 g CHO.kg-1.d-1, ~21% EI).

scholarly journals The Comparison of the Effects between Continuous and Intermittent Energy Restriction in Short-Term Bodyweight Loss for Sedentary Population: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11645
Author(s):  
Manwen Xu ◽  
Ji Li ◽  
Yan Zou ◽  
Yining Xu
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Bodyweight Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Major Nutrients

Objective: To compare the effects of continuous energy restriction (CER) and intermittent energy restriction (IER) in bodyweight loss plan in sedentary individuals with normal bodyweight and explore the influence factors of effect and individual retention. Methods: 26 participants were recruited in this randomized controlled and double-blinded trial and allocated to CER and IER groups. Bodyweight (BW), body mass index (BMI), and resting metabolic rate (RMR) would be collected before and after a 4-week (28 days) plan which included energy restriction (CER or IER) and moderate-intensity exercise. Daily intake of three major nutrients (protein, carbohydrate, fat) and calories were recorded. Results: A significant decrease in BW and BMI were reported within each group. No statistically significant difference in the change of RMR in CERG. No statistically significant difference was reported in the effect between groups, neither as well the intake of total calories, three major nutrients, and individual plan retention. The influence factors of IER and CER are different. Conclusion: Both CER and IER are effective and safe energy restriction strategies in the short term. Daily energy intake and physical exercise are important to both IER and CER.

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