scholarly journals Replacement of Meat with Non-Meat Protein Sources: A Review of the Drivers and Inhibitors in Developed Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3602
Author(s):  
Marion R. Eckl ◽  
Sander Biesbroek ◽  
Pieter van’t Veer ◽  
Johanna M. Geleijnse
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Cooking Skills ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Meat Protein ◽  
Gender Information ◽  
Sustainable Diet ◽  
Race Ethnicity

The overconsumption of meat has been charged with contributing to poor health and environmental degradation. Replacing meat with non-meat protein sources is one strategy advocated to reduce meat intake. This narrative review aims to identify the drivers and inhibitors underlying replacing meat with non-meat protein sources in omnivores and flexitarians in developed countries. A systematic search was conducted in Scopus and Web of Science until April 2021. In total, twenty-three studies were included in this review examining personal, socio-cultural, and external factors. Factors including female gender, information on health and the environment, and lower price may act as drivers to replacing meat with non-meat protein sources. Factors including male gender, meat attachment, food neophobia, and lower situational appropriateness of consuming non-meat protein sources may act as inhibitors. Research is needed to establish the relevance of socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, religion, health status, food environment, and cooking skills. Future studies should prioritize standardizing the definitions of meat and non-meat protein replacements and examining factors across different consumer segments and types of non-meat protein sources. Thereby, the factors determining the replacement of meat with non-meat protein sources can be better elucidated, thus, facilitating the transition to a healthier and more sustainable diet.

Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: An Italian Single-Center Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 85 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Aleksova ◽  
Rita Belfiore ◽  
Cosimo Carriere ◽  
Salam Kassem ◽  
Salvatore La Carrubba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
High Exposure

Abstract. Background: Hypovitaminosis D is a vitamin deficiency that has been increasing in developed countries; it was also suggested as an emerging risk factor for developing of atherosclerosis and acute myocardial infarction. The primary source of vitamin D is its cutaneous synthesis under exposure to sunlight. It has been suggested that 30 min of sun exposure twice weekly leads to sufficient vitamin D synthesis. The residents of Trieste (Italy) are well-known for their high exposure to sunlight in all seasons. We aimed to investigate the vitamin D status in subjects with acute myocardial infarction living in this area. Methods: Vitamin D status was identified in 478 subjects diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Results: The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was 14.5 [7.8 - 22.7] ng/mL. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency were present in 324 (68 %) and 107 (22 %) subjects, respectively. Vitamin D deficiency was less frequent among subjects enrolled in the period from July to the end of September (p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis vitamin D deficiency was predicted by older age (p = 0.02), female gender (p = 0.002), higher body mass index (p = 0.05), autumn/winter sampling (p < 0.001), increased parathyroid hormone (p = 0.03) and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.003). Conclusions: We observed very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among subjects with myocardial infarction in all seasons of enrollment. However, it was lower in the summer when sun exposure is higher. The exposure to sunlight may be a cost-saving therapeutic strategy for the management of vitamin D deficiency.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Abdominal Obesity in the Productive Age in Surabaya

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Fani Kusteviani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Sugary Drinks ◽  
Fat Deposits

Obesity has become a public health and nutrition issues the world both developed countries and developing countries, including Indonesia. Abdominal obesity is one type of obesity where there is abdominal fat deposits as measured by waist circumference. Abdominal obesity is more at risk of health problems such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, hypertension and cardiovascular disease than general obesity. Behavioral and environmental factors as well as genetic plays a role in the onset of abdominal obesity. The purpose of the study was to analyze factors associated with abdominal obesity in the productive age (15–64 years) in Surabaya. The independent variables used were age, sex, marital status, family size, education, occupation, smoking, physical activity, consumption of vegetables and or fruit, food or sugary drinks, fatty foods and mental health. This research was analytical study use cross sectional design. The study used secondary data from Basic Health Research Surabaya 2007 amounted to 2191 respondents by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed with Chi-square test and logistic regression. Result of analysis showed that risk factors of abdominal obesity were age 35–64 years, female gender and married or divorced status, level of education ≤ SMA and consume fatty food regularly. The most influential risk factors are female. Increasing knowledge, physical activity, and reducing fat intake can prevent the risk of abdominal obesity.Keyword: abdominal obesity, productive age, lifestyle, female

Limiting vs. diversifying patterns of recommendations for key protein sources emerging: a study on national food guides worldwide from a health and sustainability perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joop de Boer ◽  
Harry Aiking
Keyword(s):  
Animal Protein ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Sustainable Diet ◽  
Protein Supply

PurposeA shift to a healthy and sustainable diet (as recommended by the EAT Lancet Commission) needs to have a strong societal legitimation. This makes it relevant to investigate to what extent countries are using their Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDGs) in ways that can stimulate such a shift.Design/methodology/approachGiven the pivotal role of protein, the authors examined what patterns of protein-related recommendations are used to guide consumers and how these patterns are related to specific contexts and societal priorities of the countries.FindingsThe analysis of data from 93 countries worldwide revealed two emerging patterns of recommendations. One pattern (found in a cluster of 23% of the countries) combined positive advice about key protein sources with limiting messages to reduce (or replace) the consumption of animal protein. The other pattern (found in a cluster of 24%) encouraged both animal and plant protein, thereby diversifying the set of protein sources, without negative advice on animal-based food sources. The two patterns of recommendations were differently associated with health and nutrition variables, including the countries' level of animal protein supply (in particular, dairy) and the prevalence of overweight individuals among adult men.Social implicationsFor all stakeholders, it is of crucial importance to realize that an increasing number of countries in the world are moving in the direction of acknowledging and addressing the diet-health-environment nexus by adapting their patterns of recommendations for key protein sources.Originality/valueThis study is the first that reveals patterns in recommendations with respect to protein sources by different nations worldwide.

scholarly journals Red meat intake and risk of coronary heart disease among US men: prospective cohort study

BMJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. m4141
Author(s):  
Laila Al-Shaar ◽  
Ambika Satija ◽  
Dong D Wang ◽  
Eric B Rimm ◽  
Stephanie A Smith-Warner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Chd Risk ◽  
Red Meat Intake ◽  
Meat And Eggs ◽  
Processed Red Meat

AbstractObjectivesTo study total, processed, and unprocessed red meat in relation to risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and to estimate the effects of substituting other protein sources for red meat with CHD risk.DesignProspective cohort study with repeated measures of diet and lifestyle factors.SettingHealth Professionals Follow-Up Study cohort, United States, 1986-2016.Participants43 272 men without cardiovascular disease or cancer at baseline.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was total CHD, comprised of acute non-fatal myocardial infarction or fatal CHD. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals across categories of red meat consumption. Substitution analyses were conducted by comparing coefficients for red meat and the alternative food in models, including red meat and alternative foods as continuous variables.ResultsDuring 1 023 872 person years of follow-up, 4456 incident CHD events were documented of which 1860 were fatal. After multivariate adjustment for dietary and non-dietary risk factors, total, unprocessed, and processed red meat intake were each associated with a modestly higher risk of CHD (hazard ratio for one serving per day increment: 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.06 to 1.18) for total red meat, 1.11 (1.02 to 1.21) for unprocessed red meat, and 1.15 (1.06 to 1.25) for processed red meat). Compared with red meat, the intake of one serving per day of combined plant protein sources (nuts, legumes, and soy) was associated with a lower risk of CHD (0.86 (0.80 to 0.93) compared with total red meat, 0.87 (0.79 to 0.95) compared with unprocessed red meat, and 0.83 (0.76 to 0.91) compared with processed red meat). Substitutions of whole grains and dairy products for total red meat and eggs for processed red meat were also associated with lower CHD risk.ConclusionsSubstituting high quality plant foods such as legumes, nuts, or soy for red meat might reduce the risk of CHD. Substituting whole grains and dairy products for total red meat, and eggs for processed red meat, might also reduce this risk.

scholarly journals Excessive meat consumption in Brazil: diet quality and environmental impacts

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1893-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Martins de Carvalho ◽  
Chester Luiz Galvão César ◽  
Regina Mara Fisberg ◽  
Dirce Maria Lobo Marchioni
Keyword(s):  
Diet Quality ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Sustainable Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate red and processed meat intake, and the impact meat consumption has on diet quality and the environment.DesignA large cross-sectional health survey performed in São Paulo, Brazil.SettingDiet was assessed by two 24 h dietary recalls. Usual intakes were calculated using the Multiple Source Method. The World Cancer Research Fund recommendation of an average of 71·4 g/d was used as the cut-off point to estimate excessive red and processed meat consumption. To investigate the relationship between meat consumption and diet quality we used the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index Revised. The environmental impact was analysed according to estimates of CO2 equivalent emissions from meat consumption.SubjectsBrazilians (n 1677) aged 19 years and older were studied.ResultsThe mean red and processed meat intake was 138 g/d for men and 81 g/d for women. About 81 % of men and 58 % of women consumed more meat than recommended. Diet quality was inversely associated with excessive meat intake in men. In Brazil alone, greenhouse gas emissions from meat consumption, in 2003, were estimated at approximately 18 071 988 tonnes of CO2 equivalents, representing about 4 % of the total CO2 emitted by agriculture.ConclusionsThe excessive meat intake, associated with poorer diet quality observed, support initiatives and policies advising to reduce red and processed meat intake to within the recommended amounts, as part of a healthy and environmentally sustainable diet.

Race/Ethnicity and Income in Relation to the Home Food Environment in US Youth Aged 6 to 19 Years

2014 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 1533-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Masters ◽  
Kaye L. Stanek Krogstrand ◽  
Kent M. Eskridge ◽  
Julie A. Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Home Food Environment ◽  
Home Food ◽  
Race Ethnicity

scholarly journals Increased Fasting Serum Level of Arsenic Caused by Intake of Fish Meat Promotes a Potential Risk of Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingchao He ◽  
Nobutaka Ohgami ◽  
Shoko Ohnuma ◽  
Hisao Naito ◽  
Ichiro Yajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Food Items

Abstract Despite identification of arsenic intake from well drinking water in developing countries as a crucial hazard for health, the health effects of diet-mediated intake of arsenic on health in developed countries have remained unclear. The Japanese diet, which is regarded as a healthy diet, includes a high intake of seafoods that contain high levels of arsenic. The associations among intake of Japanese food including 54 food items classified into 6 categories, arsenic exposure and hypertension were investigated in 2,709 adults in Japan. Logistic regression analysis including serum sodium and potassium levels as confounders indicated a positive association between fasting serum level of arsenic (fsl-As) and prevalence of hypertension. Seaweed, bone-edible small fish and fish meat in seafoods were strong contributors to the increased fsl-As among the food items examined. Fish meat intake was identified as the greatest contributor to prevalence of hypertension. Since 94% of arsenic has been reported to be caused by dietary intake in Japan, our results suggest that increased fsl-As caused by intake of fish meat could be a potential risk for hypertension. Considering the worldwide trend of increased fish meat intake, arsenic in fish meat might be a new global hazardous material.

scholarly journals Perceived Stress in a Gender Perspective: A Survey in a Population of Unemployed Subjects of Southern Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Costa ◽  
Giusi Briguglio ◽  
Stefania Mondello ◽  
Michele Teodoro ◽  
Manuela Pollicino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress And Health

Stressful life events, are differently handled by women and men. This study evaluates gender differences in perceived stress and health status among a sample of subjects going through a transition period from unemployment to work. This cross-sectional study enrolled 395 participants, 245 men (62%) and 150 (38%) women, between 19 and 67 years, that were going to be hired for a 6-month contract. Before being employed, all participants underwent a mandatory protocol consisting in a general medical check. Stress assessment was performed by using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Most of the participants (68%) showed normal to low perceived stress level. But dividing the sample by gender, out of the remaining 32% with medium to high stress level, 11% male subjects and 22.7% females reported high perceived stress values. We found mean PSS values that are overlapping with those in the general population of developed countries. This study does not suggest an association between perceived stress and health or social parameters. However, our results highlight that the female gender is associated with higher stress level, pointing out the relevance of specific and designed interventions in the context of health promotion programs, especially in order to mitigate stress in more susceptible subjects.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of leisure-time physical activity: a population-based study in southern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa ◽  
Pedro Curi Hallal ◽  
Jonathan Charles Kingdon Wells ◽  
Tiago Daltoé ◽  
Sandra Costa Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

We aimed to measure the prevalence of physical inactivity (PI) during leisure time and to identify variables associated with it in a southern Brazilian adult population. A population-based cross-sectional study was carried out, covering a multiple-stage sample of 1,968 subjects aged 20-69 years. Weekly participation in leisure-time physical activity was addressed. For each activity, energy expenditure was calculated using data on duration, metabolic equivalent, and body weight. Energy expenditures of individual activities were summed to give a weekly total. PI was defined as fewer than 1,000 kilocalories per week. The prevalence of PI was 80.7% (95%CI: 78.9-82.4). After adjusted analyses, the following variables were positively associated with the outcome: female gender, age, living with a partner, and smoking. Schooling and economic status were inversely associated with PI. Chronically undernourished individuals were significantly more likely to be inactive. We found no differences according to skin color or alcohol consumption. In conclusion, the prevalence of PI in this adult population was higher than in populations from developed countries, but the associated variables were similar.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Electronic Cigarette Use and Its Determinants among 13-to-15-Year-Old Students in Greece: Results from the 2013 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soteris Soteriades ◽  
Anastasia Barbouni ◽  
George Rachiotis ◽  
Panoraia Grevenitou ◽  
Varvara Mouchtouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pocket Money ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Electronic cigarette use has increased over the past decade. Its potential role in smoking cessation, in addiction and as a ‘gateway’ to tobacco smoking is subject to intense research. This cross-sectional study, carried out in 2013, aims to present the habits of students aged 13–15 in Greece with regard to e-cigarettes and investigate potential risk factors and the relationship between e-cigarettes, tobacco smoking and other nicotine products. It is the first such study to be carried out in Greece. The survey was based on the standardized methodology of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey. All potential associations were investigated using multiple logistic regression. In total 2.8% of the 4096 participating students were current e-cigarette users and 12.3% of them were ever users. E-cigarette use was associated with male gender, being older, current use of combustible tobacco products and e-cigarette use in the family. Ever e-cigarette use, being older, female gender and higher pocket money were associated with an increased susceptibility to tobacco smoking. E-cigarette prevalence in Greece in 2013 was similar to that of other, developed countries. The smoking and vaping habits of adolescents must be monitored in order to assess trends over time and whether any policy alterations are necessary.

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