Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Mortality Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis of 207,291 Participants

We performed a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the association between UPF consumption and adult mortality risk. A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus electronic databases from inception to August 2021. Data were extracted from seven cohort studies (totaling 207,291 adults from four countries). Using a random-effects model, hazard ratios (HR) of pooled outcomes were estimated. Our results showed that UPF consumption was related to an enhanced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.30; I2 = 21.9%; p < 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-cause mortality (HR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.63; I2 = 0.0%; p < 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (HR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.50, 1.85; I2 = 0.0%; p = 0.022), but not cancer-cause mortality. Furthermore, our findings revealed that each 10% increase in UPF consumption in daily calorie intake was associated with a 15% higher risk of all-cause mortality (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.21; I2 = 0.0%; p < 0.001). The dose–response analysis revealed a positive linear association between UPF consumption and all-cause mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.879, Pdose–response = p < 0.001), CVDs-cause mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.868, Pdose–response = p < 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (Pnonlinearity = 0.774, Pdose–response = p < 0.001). It seems that higher consumption of UPF is significantly associated with an enhanced risk of adult mortality. Despite this, further experimental studies are necessary to draw a more definite conclusion.

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Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Adult Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13124410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 4410

Author(s):

Sajjad Moradi ◽

Mohammad ali Hojjati Kermani ◽

Reza Bagheri ◽

Hamed Mohammadi ◽

Ahmad Jayedi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Processed Food ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Linear Dose ◽

Increased Risk

(1) Background: Recent individual studies have demonstrated that consumption of ultra-processed food (UPF) may be related to type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to synthesize the results from these individual studies by conducting an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating the association between UPF consumption and the risk of T2DM. (2) Methods: A systematic search was conducted using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus electronic databases from inception up to August 2021. Data were extracted from five studies (one cross-sectional study and four cohort studies, totaling 230,526 adults from four different countries). Risk ratios (RR) of pooled results were estimated using a random-effects model. (3) Results: Our results revealed that higher UPF consumption was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM (RR = 1.74; 95% CI: 1.36, 2.22; I2 = 68.9%; p < 0.001; n = 5). Linear dose-response analysis indicated that each 10% increase in UPF consumption (kcal/d) was associated with a 15% higher risk of T2DM (RR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.26; I2 = 86.0%; p < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. Non-linear dose-response analysis demonstrated a positive linear association between UPF consumption and T2DM (pnonlinearity = 0.13, pdose-response < 0.001; n = 5) among adults. (4) Conclusions: A higher intake of UPF was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM. However, underlying mechanisms remain unknown and future experimental studies are warranted.

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Incidence, risk factors and prognostic effect of imaging right ventricular involvement in patients with COVID-19: a dose–response analysis protocol for systematic review

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049866 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e049866

Author(s):

Chenghui Zhou ◽

Baohui Lou ◽

Hui Li ◽

Xin Wang ◽

Hushan Ao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Right Ventricular ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Prognostic Effect ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Incidence Risk

IntroductionEmerging evidence has shown that COVID-19 infection may result in right ventricular (RV) disturbance and be associated with adverse clinical outcomes. The aim of this meta-analysis is to summarise the incidence, risk factors and the prognostic effect of imaging RV involvement in adult patients with COVID-19.MethodsA systematical search will be performed in PubMed, EMBase, ISI Knowledge via Web of Science and preprint databases (MedRxiv and BioRxiv) (until October 2021) to identify all cohort studies in adult patients with COVID-19. The primary outcome will be the incidence of RV involvement (dysfunction and/or dilation) assessed by echocardiography, CT or MRI. Secondary outcomes will include the risk factors for RV involvement and their association with all-cause mortality during hospitalisation. Additional outcomes will include the RV global or free wall longitudinal strain (RV-GLS or RV-FWLS), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), fractional area change (FAC) and RV diameter. Univariable or multivariable meta-regression and subgroup analyses will be performed for the study design and patient characteristics (especially acute or chronic pulmonary embolism and pulmonary hypertension). Sensitivity analyses will be used to assess the robustness of our results by removing each included study at one time to obtain and evaluate the remaining overall estimates of RV involvement incidence and related risk factors, association with all-cause mortality, and other RV parameters (RV-GLS or RV-FWLS, TAPSE, S’, FAC and RV diameter). Both linear and cubic spline regression models will be used to explore the dose–response relationship between different categories (>2) of RV involvement and the risk of mortality (OR or HR).Ethics and disseminationThere was no need for ethics approval for the systematic review protocol according to the Institutional Review Board/Independent Ethics Committee of Fuwai Hospital. This meta-analysis will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal for publication.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021231689.

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The relationship between major food sources of fructose and cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition ◽

10.1080/10408398.2021.2000361 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Asma Kazemi ◽

Sepideh Soltani ◽

Zeinab Mokhtari ◽

Tauseef Khan ◽

Mahdieh Golzarand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Food Sources ◽

Major Food ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

The Relationship

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Aspirin Exposure and Mortality Risk among Prostate Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/9379602 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lai lai Fan ◽

Cheng Peng Xie ◽

Yi Ming Wu ◽

Xi jie Gu ◽

Ying he Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Frequency Response ◽

Mortality Risk ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Random Effect ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Dose Frequency ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Cancer Specific Mortality ◽

Random Effect Models

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the ninth most common cause of cancer death globally. Many studies have investigated aspirin exposure and mortality risk among PCa patients, returning inconsistent results. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to explore the association between aspirin exposure and mortality risk among PCa patients and to investigate potential dose/duration/frequency-response relationships. Methods and Results. Studies published from 1980 to 2018 of PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched. We included 14 studies with 110,000 participants. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effect models. Potential dose/duration/frequency-response relationships were evaluated for aspirin exposure and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) risk. We did not detect an association between the highest aspirin exposure and mortality risk (PCSM of prediagnostic aspirin exposure, OR: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-1. 07, I2 = 0%; PCSM of postdiagnostic aspirin exposure, OR:0.92, 95% CI: 0.77-1.10, I2 = 56.9%; all-cause mortality [ACM] of prediagnostic aspirin exposure, OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.88-1.04, I2 = 9.4%; ACM of postdiagnostic aspirin exposure, OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.73-1.23, I2 = 88.9%). There was no significant dose/frequency-response association observed for aspirin exposure and PCSM risk. On duration-response analysis, we found that short-term postdiagnostic aspirin exposure (shorter than 2.5 years) increased the risk of PCSM. Conclusions. Our meta-analysis suggests that there is no association between aspirin exposure and PCSM risk. Nor is there an association between the highest aspirin exposure and ACM risk among PCa patients. More studies are needed for a further dose/duration/frequency-response meta-analysis.

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Physical Activity and Mortality in Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

JNCI Cancer Spectrum ◽

10.1093/jncics/pkz080 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Christine M Friedenreich ◽

Chelsea R Stone ◽

Winson Y Cheung ◽

Sandra C Hayes

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Survival Outcomes ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Pa Domain

Abstract Background Recommendations for improved survival after cancer through physical activity (PA) exist, although the evidence is still emerging. Our primary objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between prediagnosis and postdiagnosis PA and survival (cancer-specific, all-cause, and cardiovascular disease mortality) for all cancers and by tumor site. Secondary objectives were to examine the associations within population subgroups, by PA domain, and to determine the optimal dose of PA related to survival. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and SportsDiscus databases were searched from inception to November 1, 2018. DerSimonian-Laird random-effects models were used to estimate the summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for primary and secondary analyses and to conduct dose-response analyses. Results Evidence from 136 studies showed improved survival outcomes with highest vs lowest levels of prediagnosis or postdiagnosis total or recreational PA for all-cancers combined (cancer specific mortality: HR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.79 to 0.86, and HR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.75, respectively) as well as for 11 specific cancer sites. For breast and colorectal cancers, greater reductions were observed for postdiagnosis PA (HR = 0.58–0.63) compared with prediagnosis PA (HR = 0.80–0.86) for cancer-specific and all-cause mortality. Survival benefits through PA were observed in most subgroups (within sex, body mass index, menopausal status, colorectal subtypes, and PA domain) examined. Inverse dose-response relationships between PA and breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality were observed, with steep reductions in hazards to 10–15 metabolic equivalent hours per week. Conclusion Higher prediagnosis and postdiagnosis levels of PA were associated with improved survival outcomes for at least 11 cancer types, providing support for global promotion of PA guidelines following cancer.

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Effect of dark chocolate on flow-mediated dilatation: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and dose–response analysis of randomized controlled trials

Clinical Nutrition ESPEN ◽

10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.10.017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. 17-27

Author(s):

Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽

Kurosh Djafarian ◽

Nasim Saeidifard ◽

Sakineh Shab-Bidar

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Randomized Controlled Trials ◽

Dose Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Dark Chocolate ◽

Response Analysis ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Flow Mediated Dilatation

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TCT-160 Preprocedural Predictors of Late All-Cause Mortality Following Percutaneous Endovascular Therapy for Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Hazard Ratios

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.jacc.2021.09.1013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (19) ◽

pp. B66

Author(s):

Israel Safiriyu ◽

Gustavo Duarte ◽

Oseiwe Benjamin Eromosele ◽

Sanjana Nagraj ◽

Rukayat Otulana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽

Endovascular Therapy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Peripheral Arterial

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Risk of all-cause and CHD mortality in women versus men with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-18-0792 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 180 (4) ◽

pp. 243-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Guodong Xu ◽

Dingyun You ◽

Liping Wong ◽

Donghui Duan ◽

Fanqian Kong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Web Of Science ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prospective Cohort Studies ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Inverse Variance ◽

All Cause Mortality

Objective Previous studies have shown sex-specific differences in all-cause and CHD mortality in type 2 diabetes. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide a global picture of the estimated influence of type 2 diabetes on the risk of all-cause and CHD mortality in women vs men. Methods We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science for studies published from their starting dates to Aug 7, 2018. The sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and their pooled ratio (women vs men) of all-cause and CHD mortality associated with type 2 diabetes were obtained through an inverse variance-weighted random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. Results The 35 analyzed prospective cohort studies included 2 314 292 individuals, among whom 254 038 all-cause deaths occurred. The pooled women vs men ratio of the HRs for all-cause and CHD mortality were 1.17 (95% CI: 1.12–1.23, I2 = 81.6%) and 1.97 (95% CI: 1.49–2.61, I2 = 86.4%), respectively. The pooled estimate of the HR for all-cause mortality was approximately 1.30 in articles in which the duration of follow-up was longer than 10 years and 1.10 in articles in which the duration of follow-up was less than 10 years. The pooled HRs for all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes was 2.33 (95% CI: 2.02–2.69) in women and 1.91 (95% CI: 1.72–2.12) in men, compared with their healthy counterparts. Conclusions The effect of diabetes on all-cause and CHD mortality is approximately 17 and 97% greater, respectively, for women than for men.

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Physical function and all-cause mortality in older adults diagnosed with cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glaa305 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yasmin Ezzatvar ◽

Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽

Mikel L Sáez de Asteasu ◽

Nicolás Martínez-Velilla ◽

Fabricio Zambom-Ferraresi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Physical Function ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Timed Up And Go ◽

Hazard Ratios ◽

Inverse Variance ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Prospective Association

Abstract Background Physical function is an independent predictor of numerous chronic diseases, but its association with all-cause mortality in older adults diagnosed with cancer has received little attention. Objective The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prospective association between physical function and all-cause mortality in older adults diagnosed with cancer. Methods Two authors systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and SportsDiscus databases. Prospective studies reporting associations of baseline physical function with all-cause mortality in patients aged 60 years or older diagnosed with any type of cancer were included. Hazard Ratios (HR) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted from studies for all-cause mortality and pooled HRs were then calculated using the random-effects inverse-variance model with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman adjustment. Results Data from 25 studies with 8,109 adults diagnosed with cancer aged ≥60 years were included in the study. Higher levels of physical function (short physical performance battery, HR=0.44 95% CI, 0.29–0.67; I 2=16.0%; timed up and go, HR=0.40 95% CI, 0.31–0.53; I 2=61.9%; gait speed, HR=0.41 95% CI, 0.17–0.96; I 2=73.3%; handgrip strength: HR=0.61 95% CI, 0.43–0.85, I 2=85.6%; and overall, HR=0.45 95% CI, 0.35–0.57; I 2=88.6%) were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality compared to lower levels of functionality. Neither age at baseline nor length of follow-up had a significant effect on the HR estimates for lower all-cause mortality risk. Conclusion Physical function may exert an independent protective effect on all-cause mortality in older adults diagnosed with cancer.

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